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1、文献出处 : Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness J.Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 3-03 4 .原文The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessMahpula AAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, theexpanding market capaci

2、ty, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure,third -party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry isdeveloping in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At thesame time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development

3、 of theregional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regionaleconomy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise ofexistence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would beno regional logistics. Regional logistics and regi

4、onal economic development level, isclosely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, sizeand industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form.Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline toreasonab

5、le, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost,promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regionaleconomic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics andregional logistics to provide support and guaranteefor the

6、development of regionaleconomy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the furtherdevelopment of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regionallogistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industrydevelopment environment, expanding th

7、e scope of the regional influence, the key toenhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords : Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science andtechnology, the logistics industry as an emerg

8、ing service industry, is developingrapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be theeconomic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degreebecome to measure a countrys modernization degree and comprehensive nationalstrength, one of the imp

9、ortant marks is known as the third profit source of theenterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry,financial industrys hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy,and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important c

10、omponentof regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development ofregional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field ofregional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market, etc., plays apositive role in active. Behind the rapi

11、d development of modern logistics, however,there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower thanthe level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logisticscompetitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniformstandard, can

12、only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics.Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement atthe center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certainscientific, but it cant reflect the outline of the regional logis

13、tics. Estimates of logisticsdemand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods suchas index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macrolevel, the proportion of different researchersuse different, ranging from teens totwenty percent, there a

14、re large difference between the results and gives theoreticalanalysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industrys economicstatistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistics, whichmade us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logi

15、stics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of theoriginal intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by theAmerican strategic management experts made (C.K.P rahalad) and Britains strategicmanagement experts hamer (c. amel),

16、refers to the enterprise organization ofaccumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different productionskills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantageover other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basisof enterprise

17、Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products,management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantagein the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theoryrepresented by Rossby and Christies school; School represente

18、d by porters theory ofmarket structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penroses theory of resource school.Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility andinherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe

19、and theUnited States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, iscommitted to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics systemand competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regionalinternational logistics field of resea

20、rch mainly includes the following aspects: (1)from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resourcesconfiguration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure,market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation.Such

21、research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools,more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, andcoordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem.This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optim

22、ization study, the commonlyused methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method andheuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problemof the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of siteselection of logistics center a

23、nd logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective ofurban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings.For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulationmodel, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as ther

24、elated road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of thecity government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. Forexample MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management ininfrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading

25、 rules, corporate tax law ofthe government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global productionand distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the theory of regional logistics related3.1 The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unifie

26、d, a more accepted view isthat regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large andmedium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional scale and scope economy,combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds ofgoods from the s

27、upplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage,loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing,information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in thecomposite system of regional economic development. It requires the

28、integration, theintegration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to thegoods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficientflow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash -flow,information flow and cash

29、flow.3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi -level and multi -dimensionalstructure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier,and the structure of the basic elements and their complete s

30、ystem, each element showdifferent features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regionallogistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economicorganization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics e

31、nterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc.Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point ofconnection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant anddecisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essentia

32、l characteristicof modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body,logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry. Similaraccumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes thelogistics main body accumulation, logisti

33、cs main body in space is beneficial topromote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also aregional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation ofdistribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution cente

34、rdetermines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence anddevelopment of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development ofregional economy, no

35、regional economy there would be no regional logistics.Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to thescale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry,determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logisti

36、cs isalways accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy,manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry willhave a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance oflarge-scale development. On the other hand, the regio

37、nal economic development isinseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics toprovide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, thedevelopment of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further developmentof regional economy. Thus, regional

38、 logistics and regional economy is the unity ofinterdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regionallogistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development;Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economicsupport sy

39、stem, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goaland strategy must obey and serve the regional economic development goals andstrategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (generaladministrative area as the bo

40、rder, across regions), the logistics industry are differentfrom other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage, thelogistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability,eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more th

41、anall kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary andintegrated ability system, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in thelogistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and thelogistics industry development level o

42、f high and low. The competitiveness of theregional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute: social andeconomic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition oflogistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise informationdevelopment

43、 level, development level, the macro environment.4.1 The social and economic development levelComprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logisticscompetitivenesslevel of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development ofregional logistics competitiveness, to pro

44、vide support for the sustainable developmentof regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regionallogistics development potential and power.4.2 The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such asproduction

45、, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restrictedby local resource conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service leveland size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics marketcapacity, is the premise of existence and devel

46、opment of regional logistics industryand the foundation.4.3 Logistics supply conditionThe supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for thedevelopment of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment,is engaged in the logistics services e

47、nterprises and the corresponding professionalssuch as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, thecomprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level,reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote andsatisfaction, is th

48、e main factor of the formation and development of regional logisticscompetition.4.4 Logistics enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logisticsmain bodys ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodiesthe subject

49、 of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competitionability, profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logisticsenterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for theformation of regional logistics competitiveness.4.5 Info

50、rmation development levelMainly refers to the regional information development level of information degreeand the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow,logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access toinformation. Many logistics enterprises h

51、ave established their own informationmanagement system as a crucial to the development of its core competitiveness, thedevelopment level of information is the one important factor for the formation ofregional logistics competitiveness level.4.6 Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to

52、the logistics industry development of logistics industrydevelopment planning, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talenttraining, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industryreflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industr

53、y toprovide favorable conditions and the environment support.译文区域物流竞争力研究作者 Mahpula A摘要当前，物流的发展正呈现出物流需求快速上升、 市场容量不断扩大、 物流基础设施建设加速、 第三方物流快速成长的趋势， 整个物流产业正朝着信息化、 全球化和专业化的方向发展。 同时， 随着物流需求的快速增加， 区域物流的发展更加迅猛。区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分， 区域物流的存在和发展是以区域经济的存在和发展为前提的， 没有区域经济也就没有区域物流。 区域物流与区域经济发展的水平、规模密切相关，不同区域经济的水平、规模和产业

54、形态，决定了区域物流的水平、 规模和结构形态。 区域经济一体化能使区域内和区域间的物流趋向合理，适应产业结构的合理布局， 从而降低物流成本， 促进区域物流发展。反之，区域经济的发展也离不开区域物流的发展， 区域物流为区域经济的发展提供支撑与保障， 区域物流的发展将带动和促进区域经济的进一步发展。 因此，区域物流的发展己成为改善区域投资环境和产业发展环境、 扩大区域影响范围、 提升区域竞争力的关键。关键词: 区域物流，区域物流竞争力，评价指标1 引言世界经济的快速发展和现代科学技术的进步， 物流产业作为一个新兴的服务性产业，正在全球范围内迅速发展。 在国际上， 物流产业被认为是经济发展的动脉和基

55、础产业，其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志之一，被誉为企业的“第三利润源泉”，其发挥的作用越来越大，成为了继 IT 业、金融业之后的当前最热门的新兴产业和国民经济新的增长点， 引起了社会的普遍重视。区域物流是区域经济的重要构成要素，是区域经济形成与发展的重要力量，它对提高区域流通领域的效率和经济效益， 提高区域市场的竞争能力等， 发挥着积极的能动作用。 然而，现代物流快速发展的背后仍然存在较多的问题， 其中物流竞争力水平低于物流发展水平显得尤为突出。 选择物流竞争力发展水平评价指标时，由于没有统一的标准， 只能利用货运量或货运周转量来衡量物流规模。 运输是物流过程中实现货物空

56、间位移的中心环节， 用这两个指标来衡量物流规模有一定的科学性， 但不能真实反映地区物流的全貌。 估计物流需求量时， 通常的做法是根据 GDP和社会消费品零售总额等国民经济核算指标。 这仅仅是宏观层次上的一种简单估算， 不同的研究人员采用的比例不同， 从百分之十几到百分之二十不等，所得结果存在较大差异，给理论分析带来了较大的困难。同时，有关物流产业的经济统计资料极度缺乏， 也没有全面的物流需求统计数据， 这使我们对物流的理解始终处于定性的认识水平上。2 文献综述关于核心竞争力理论， 核心竞争力 (Core Competence)的原意是核心能力或核心技 能，这一概念是 1990 年由美国的企 业

57、战略管理专 家普拉 哈拉得(C.K.Prahalad) 和英国的企业战略管理专家哈默尔 (C.Hamel) 提出的，指的是企业组织中的积累性知识， 特别是关于如何协调不同的生产技能和整合多种技术知识，并据此获得超越其他竞争对手的独特能力， 即核心竞争力是建立在企业核心资源基础之上的，是企业的智力、技术、产品、管理、文化等要素的综合优势在市场上的反映。目前学术界有三个有代表性的论点 : 以罗斯比和克里斯蒂森为代表的能力论学派 ; 以波特为代表的市场结构论学派 ; 以沃纳菲尔和潘罗斯为代表的资源论学派。核心竞争力具有价值双重性、能力整合性、独特性、延伸性和时段性的特点。关于区域物流的相关理论研究，

58、 物流发达的欧美、 日本等国研究， 侧重于企业层面，即致力于提供企业优化策略。 而区域层面的物流系统及竞争力研究， 则涉及不多。根据文献查阅，国际上区域性物流领域研究，主要包括以下几个方面:(1) 从跨国公司角度研究全球性物流资源配置和协调问题。 具体包括物流基础设施、市场竞争机制及物流供应链运行等问题。 此类研究多利用运筹学等数量化技术工具， 为供应链的全球网络设施选址定位、 多工厂协调、 战略配送体系设计等问题提供支持。这是企业层面物流优化研究的扩展， 常用方法包括数学解析法、系统仿真法和启发式方法等。如位分法和图解法解决一元网点的布局问题 ; 混合整数规划解决物流中心的选址以及物流规划问

59、题等。 (2) 从城市经济和环境角度，研究城市交通网络的设置问题。例如 Tanjguchietal 从城市层面，利用交通仿真动力学模型， 定量研究经济增长、 运输需求， 以及道路拥挤和环境污染的相互关联。(3) 从城市政府角度，研究其在宏观物流发展中承担的角色和效用。例如MeirJ.R 和 Senblatt ，研究了全球化供应链管理中设施融资、 交通以及地区交易规则、企业税费法律中的政府补贴等全球生产和配送网络主要因素的效用等。3 区域物流相关理论概述3.1 区域物流的定义学术界对区域物流的定义尚未统一， 一个比较认可的观点是， 区域物流是在一定的区域地理环境中，以大中型城市为中心，以区域经济

60、规模和范围为基础，结合物流的有效服务范围， 将区域内外的各类物品从供应地向接受地进行的有效实体流动 ; 是将运输、仓储、装卸搬运、配送、包装、流通加工、信息处理等物流活动集成， 以服务于本区域经济发展的综合体系。 它要求集成的、 一体化的物流管理，即以满足用户需要为目的， 对物品、 服务及相关信息从供应地向接受地的有效率流动进行计划、 执行和控制的活动， 是物资流、 信息流及资金流的有机统一体。3.2 区域物流主体、客体和载体的关系区域物流结构具有多层次、 多维度的特点， 其基本要素包括物流主体、 物流客体和物流载体， 而基本要素又有其各自完整的结构体系， 每一要素都表现出不同的功能， 从而形

61、成区域物流的整体功能。 区域物流主体是直接参与或专门从事区域物流活动的经济组织，包括货主物流企业、 第三方物流企业、 储运企业等。 物流主体是供应链物流渠道起点和终点的联接者， 在整个区域物流活动过程中起着主导和决定性的作用。 物流主体要素的集成是现代物流的本质特点。 因此，集物流各要素为一体的物流主体， 对于物流业发展具有决定性作用。 与区域经济产业积聚相类似， 区域物流也强调物流主体积聚，物流主体在空间上的积聚有利于促进物流活动的规模化、 集约化、 体化发展，这也是区域物流园区、物流中心、配送中心形成的客观基础，而区域物流园区、物流中心、配送中心决定了整个区域物流系统的空间结构。3.3 区

62、域物流与区域经济的关系区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分， 区域物流的存在和发展是以区域经济的存在和发展为前提的， 没有区域经济也就没有区域物流。 区域物流与区域经济发展的水平、规模密切相关，不同区域经济的水平、规模和产业形态，决定了区域物流的水平、规模和结构形态。物流总是伴随着商流而生，区域经济越发达，制造及商贸越活跃， 作为服务行业的物流业就会有良好的客户群和市场基础， 大规模发展的可能性越大。 反之，区域经济的发展也离不开区域物流的发展， 区域物流为区域经济的发展提供支撑与保障， 区域物流的发展将带动和促进区域经济的进一步发展。 由此可见， 区域物流与区域经济是相互依存的统一体。 区域经济

63、是区域物流发展的前提和基础，是拉动区域物流发展的主导力量 ; 区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分， 是区域经济的支撑系统， 为区域经济服务。 区域物流的发展目标和战略必须服从并服务于区域经济发展的目标和战略。4 区域物流竞争力区域物流竞争力是指某空间范围内 ( 一般以行政区域为边界，也可跨区域 ) ，物流产业所具有的区别于其它区域的资源察赋优势、 物流企业能力、 政府政策支持和产业创新能力， 最终体现为通过区域内部的良性竞争将以上各种资源、 能力有效整合而形成的具有互补性、 整合性的能力体系， 反映了各区域在物流活动中相比较的竞争能力，体现了区域物流服务能力的大小和物流业发展水平的高低。区域物流

64、的竞争力主要由六项基本要素共同构成 : 社会经济发展水平、物流需求规模、物流供给状况、 物流企业发展水平、 信息发展水平、物流业发展宏观环境。4.1 社会经济发展水平社会经济发展水平综合反映了区域物流竞争力水平的社会经济基础， 是区域物流竞争力发展的保障， 为区域物流的可持续发展提供支撑， 也从另一侧面反映了区域物流竞争力发展的潜力与动力。4.2 物流需求规模物流需求规模主要指物流服务的生产、 消费、 流通等领域的数量和规模， 在一定程度上受当地资源条件的限制， 它综合反映了一个地区对物流服务的需求程度和规模 : 物流需求规模的大小，决定了物流市场容量的大小，是区域物流产业存在和发展的前提与基础。4.3 物流供给状况物流供给状况指为物流业发展所提供的物流基础设施、各种物流技术装备、从事物流服务的企业及相应的从业人员等的数量和规模以及地区的交通能力状况，综合反映了区域物流的供给能力和服务水平， 体现了对物流业发展的促进作用和满足程度，是区域物流竞争力形成和发展的主要因素。