GREPP2解密文本文件单题

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1、PP2review逻辑单题207题 涛涛整理 2.9于武汉题库2 1-361 Factory workers in Beltania are guaranteed lifetime jobs, bonuses paid on thebasis of productivity and corporate profits, and a wage rate that is not attachedto a particular job. Paradoxically, these guarantees do not discourage factoryowners from introducing l

2、abor-saving machinery. Such innovations are to thefactory owners advantage despite the fact that the owners must protect thewages of their workers.Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the introduction of labor-saving machinery is advantageous to factory owners?Before a Beltania

3、n factory worker is hired, he or she must present a record of his or her previous productivity. Labor-saving machinery increases productivity, thus yielding profits that more than cover the cost of retraining workers for other jobs. The purchase and maintenance of new machinery adds significantly to

4、 the final cost of the goods produced. Factory workers demand a change of procedure in the routine tasks they perform. Limited competition exists among Beltanian factories for consumer markets. 2 One of the truisms of the advertising industry is that it is rarely necessary to say something of substa

5、nce in an advertisement in order to boost sales. Instead, one only needs to attract the potential customers attention; memory does the rest, for it is more important for sales that people know of a product than that they know something about it. Which of the following is assumed by the argument? Peo

6、ple can remember a product without having much information about it. Advertisements, in their own way, function to improve peoples memories. Attracting a potential customers attention is a simple matter. The advertising industry knows little of substance about the products it promotes. Advertisement

7、s seldom tell the truth about a product. 3 A small dose of a widely used tranquilizer allows people to lie during lie detector tests without being discovered. The stress responses that lie detector tests measure can be inhibited by the drug without noticeable side effects. One of the implications of

8、 this fact is that the drug can also be effective in reducing stress in everyday situations. An assumption of the passage is that tranquilizers are always an effective treatment for stress the inhibition of stress responses increases subjective stress stress as measured by a lie detector is similar

9、to eve r y- day stress persons who lie during a lie detector test always display signs of stress it is not desirable to reduce stress in everyday situations 4 Veteran screen writers, aiming at creating a 120-page screenplay for a film, usually turn in a 135-page first draft. As one screen writer put

10、 it, “That gives those in charge of the movie a chance to be creative when they get the script: at the very least, they can cut 15 pages” The screen writers statement cited above conveys which of the following propositions? Screen writers for a film are generally not involved in any aspects of filmm

11、aking besides providing the script. Seasoned screen writers are resigned to, and make allowance for, draft scripts being altered by those evaluating them. Truly creative screen writers are too temperamental to adhere to page limits set for their work. It takes a special kind of creativity to recogni

12、ze what is best left out of a film script. Even experienced screen writers cannot be expected to w rite scripts of consistently high quality throughout. 5 “On the whole”, Ms. Dennis remarked, “engineering students are lazier now than they used to be. I know because fewer and fewer of my students reg

13、ularly do the work they are assigned.” Ms. Dennis conclusion depends on which of the following assumptions? Engineering students are working less because, in a booming market, they are spending more and more time investigating different job opportunities. Whether or not students do the work they are

14、 assigned is a good indication of how lazy they are. Engineering students should work harder than students in less demanding fields. Ms. Dennis students are doing less work because Ms. Dennis is not as effective a teacher as she once was. Laziness is something most people do not outgrow. 6 “On the w

15、hole”, Ms. Dennis remarked, “engineering students are lazier now than they used to be. I know because fewer and fewer of my students regularly do the work they are assigned.” Which of the following identifies a flaw in Ms. Dennis reasoning? Plenty of people besides engineering students do not work a

16、s hard as they should. Ms. Dennis does not consider the excuses her students may have for being lazy. The argument does not propose any constructive solutions to the problem it identifies. The argument assumes that Ms. Dennis students are repre- sentative of engineering students in general. Ms. Denn

17、is does not seem sympathetic to the problems of her students. 7 During the day in Lake Constance, the zooplankton D. hyalina departs for the depths where food is scarce and the water cold. D. galeata remains near the warm surface where food is abundant. Even though D. galeata grows and reproduces mu

18、ch faster, its population is often outnumbered byD. hyalina. Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent paradox? The number of species of zooplankton living at the bottom of the lake is twice that of species living at the surface. Predators of zooplankton, such as whitefish

19、and perch, live and feed near the surface of the lake during the day. In order to make the most of scarce food resources, D. hyalina matures more slowly than D. galeata . D. galeata clusters under vegetation during the hotest part of the day to avoid the Suns rays. D. galeata produces twice as many

20、offspring per individual in any given period of time as does D. hyalina. 8 A person who agrees to serve as mediator between two factions at the request of both abandons, by so agreeing, the right later to take sides. To take sides at a later point would be to suggest that the earlier presumptive imp

21、artiality was a sham.The passage emphasizes which of the following points about mediators? They should try to form no opinions of their own about any issue that is related to the dispute. They should not agree to serve unless they are committed to maintaining a stance of impartiality. They should no

22、t agree to serve unless they are equally accept - able to all parties to a dispute. They should feel free to take sides in the dispute right from the start, provided that they make their biases publicly known. They should reserve the right to abandon their impartiality so as not to be open to the ch

23、arge of having been deceitful. 9 Only a member of the Regionalist party would oppose the bill fora new recycling law that would protect the environment from indus-trial interests. Ellen cannot be a member of the Regionalist partybecause she supports the bill.Which of the following statements points

24、out why the conclusion isinvalidly drawn? Regionalist party members have organized to oppose industrial interests on several other issues. Industrial interests need not oppose the protection of the environment. Past attempts to protect the environment through recycling laws have failed. It is possib

25、le that some Regionalist party members may not oppose the bill for a new recycling law. Ellen has attended programs and distributed literature prepared by the Regionalist party. 10 Superficially, college graduates in 1982 resembled college graduates of 1964; they were fairly conservative, well dress

26、ed, and interested in tradition; they respected their parents. But there was a deep-seated difference: a majority of the members of the class of 1982 who were surveyed in their freshman year stated that making a good income was an important reason for their decision to go to college. The statements

27、in the passage, if true, best support which of the following conclusions? The concerns of college graduates of 1964 were superficial compared to the financial worries of college graduates of 1982. Fewer than half the students of the class of 1964 declared as freshmen that they entered college in ord

28、er to increase their earning potential. Educational background did not play as significant a part in determining income in 1964 as it did in 1982. A majority of the members of the class of 1964 revised their reasons for attending college between their freshman year and college graduation. College gr

29、aduates of 1964 were actually less conservative than college graduates of 1982. 11 Experienced pilots often have more trouble than novice pilots in learning to fly the newly developed ultralight airplanes. Being accustomed to heavier aircraft, expe-rienced pilots, when flying ultralight craft, seem

30、not torespect the wind as much as they should.The passage implies that the heavier aircraft mentioned above are harder to land than ultralight aircraft not as popular with pilots as ultralight aircraft not as safe as ultralight aircraft more fuel-efficient than ultralight aircraft easier to handle i

31、n wind than ultralight aircraft 12 The sense of delayed gratification, of working now for later pleasure,has helped shape the economic behavior of our society. However, thatsense is no longer nurtured as consistently in our children as it once was.For example, it used to take a bit of patience to pu

32、t together the toys thatchildren got in cereal boxes; now the toys come from the boxes whole.Which of the following is an assumption made by the argument? The toys in cereal boxes have changed partly because the economic conditions of our society have improved. The influence of promotion gimmicks on

33、 the economic behavior of our society has increased over the years. The toys that used to come in cereal boxes were put together by the same children who played with them. Part of the pleasure of any toy lies in putting the toy together before playing with it. Todays children do not expect a single

34、toy to provide pleasure for a long period of time. 13 The Supreme Court is no longer able to keep pace with the tremendous number of cases it agrees to decide. The Court schedules and hears 160 hours of oral argument each year, and 108 hours of next years term will be taken up by cases left over fro

35、m this year. Certainly the Court cannot be asked to increase its already burdensome hours. The most reasonable long-range solution to this problem is to allow the Court to decide many cases without hearing oral argument; in this way the Court might eventually increase dramatically the number of case

36、s it decides each year. Which of the following, if true, could best be used to argue against the feasibility of the solution suggested? The time the Court spends hearing oral argument is only a small part of the total time it spends deciding a case. The Court cannot legitimately avoid hearing oral a

37、rgument in any case le ft over from last year. Most authorities agree that 160 hours of oral argument is the maximum number that the Court can handle per year. Even now the Court decides a small number of cases without hearing oral argument. In many cases, the delay of a hearing for a full year can

38、be extremely expensive to the parties involved. 14 Athletic director: “Members of our sports team included, for the fall season, 80 football players and 40 cross-country runners; for the winter season, 20 wrestlers and 40 swimmers; for the spring season, 50 track-team members and 20 lacrosse players

39、. Each team athlete participates in his or her sports five days a week for the whole three-month season, and no athlete is on two teams during any one season. Therefore, adding these figures, we find that our team sports program serves 250 different individual athletes.”In drawing the conclusion, th

40、e athletic director fails to consider the relevant possibility that athletes can be on more than one team in a single season athletes can be on teams in more than one season some of the team sports require a larger number of athletes on the team than do others more athletes participate in team sport

41、s during one season than during another an athlete might not participate in everyone of the practice sessions and athletic contests in his or her sport 15 Why save endangered species? For the general public, endangered species appear tobe little more than biological oddities. A very different percep

42、tion is gained from consideringthe issue of extinction in a wider context. The important point is that many major social advances have been made on the basis of life forms whose worth would never have been perceived in advance. Consider the impact of rubber-producing plants on contemporary life and

43、industry: approximately two-thirds of the worlds rubber supply comes from rubber producing plants and is made into objects as diverse as rubber washers and rubber boots.The point of the passage is made chiefly by acknowledging the validity of two opposing points of view appealing to the emotions of

44、the audience rather than to their intellects suggesting a useful perspective for viewing the question raised at the beginning of the passage trying to discredit the view of an opponent without presenting an alternative hypothesis generalizing from similar to dissimilar cases 16 Why save endangered s

45、pecies? For the general public, endangered species appear to be little more than biological oddities. A very dif-ferent perception is gained from considering the issue of extinction in a wider context. The important point is that many major social advances have been made on the basis of life forms w

46、hose worth would never havebeen perceived in advance. Consider the impact of rubber-producing plants on contemporary life and industry: approximately two-thirds of the worlds rubber supply comes from rubber-producing plants and is made into objects as diverse as rubber washers and rubber boots.Any o

47、f the following facts could be used as illustrative examples in addi-tion to the example of rubber-producing plants EXCEPT: The discovery of the vaccine for smallpox resulted from observing the effect of the cowpox virus on the hands of dairy workers. The major source of our pharmaceutical supplies

48、is plants, some of them commonly thought of as weeds. Certain antibiotics were originally derived from mold growing on cantaloupes. Plastic is a unique product derived from petroleum and petroleum by- products. Hamsters and other rodents have played an important role in labo- rator y tests of medici

49、ne for use on humans. 17 Therapists find that treatment of those people who seek help because theyare unable to stop smoking or overeating is rarely successful. From theseexperiences, therapists have concluded that such habits are intractable, andsuccess in breaking them is rare. As surveys show, mi

50、llions of people have dropped the habit of smoking, and many people have successfully managed a substantial weight loss.If all of the statements are correct, an explanation of their apparent contradic-tion is provided by the hypothesis that there have been some successes in therapy, and those succes

51、ses were counted in the surveys it is easier to stop smoking than it is to stop overeating it is easy to break the habits of smoking and overeating by exercising willpower the group of people selected for the survey did not include those who failed to break their habits even after therapy those who

52、succeed in curing themselves do not go for treatment and so are not included in the therapists data 18 In the United States between 1850 and 1880, the number of farmerscontinued to increase, but at a rate lower than that of the general population.Which of the following statements directly contradict

53、s the informationpresented above? The number of farmers in the general population increased slightly in the thirty years between 1850 and 1880. The rate of growth of the United States labor force and the rate of growth of the general population rose simultaneously in the thirty years between 1850 an

54、d 1880. The proportion of farmers in the United States labor force remained constant in the thirty years between 1850 and 1880. The proportion of farmers in the United States labor force decreased from 64 percent in 1850 to 49 percent in 1880. The proportion of farmers in the general population incr

55、eased from 68 percent in 1850 to 72 percent in 1880. 19 The once widely held perception of intellectuals as the clarifiersof fundamental moral issues is no longer valid today. Intellectualsno longer act as advocates for oppressed groups. Instead ofapplying their insights and analyses to the problems

56、 of thesegroups, they leave the debate to the politicians.The logical structure of the passage depends upon closelylinking the clarification of fundamental moral issues with intellectualism advocacy on behalf of oppressed groups insight and analysis debate on contemporary practical issues the role o

57、f politicians 20 Nineteenth-century art critics judged art by the realism of its method ofrepresentation. It was assumed that the realistic method developed from primitive beginnings to the perfection of formal realism. It is one of the permanent gains of the artistic revolution of the twentieth cen

58、turythat we are rid of this type of aesthetics.It can be inferred from the information given that the artistic revolution of the twentieth century had which of the following effects? It deemphasized realistic representation as an evaluative con- sideration for judging works of art. It permitted modern critics to appreciate the simplicity of primi- tive art. It repudiated the realistic representation found in art before the nineteenth century. It reinforced traditional ways of looking at and judging great art. It allowed art critics to understand the evolution and nature of art.