短命井论文：短命井原因分析及治理措施

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1、短命井论文：短命井原因分析及治理措施【中文摘要】胜利采油厂胜坨宁海油田经过四十多年的勘探开发,胜坨、宁海油田进入高含水开发后期,由于受高含水、高含砂、高矿化度介质,以及泵挂深,井况差等因素的综合影响,导致油井免修期短,部分井频繁作业,严重制约着油田开发,综合经济效益的提高。近年来,通过细化技术管理,加强技术改进,油井免修期下滑的趋势得到了较好的控制,油井免修期逐年延长,但仍然没有大的改变。因此,必须采取综合措施治理“短命井”,以达到提高经济效益的。本文通过对抽油杆偏磨的治理,从造成油井杆管偏磨的原因：管柱结构、生产参数、泵挂深度、产出液性质、井况等五个方面进行了详细地分析。管柱结构方面：当总成

2、锚定时容易引起管柱弯曲,导致杆管偏磨；管柱上封隔器的级数越多,偏磨越严重。生产参数方面：相同泵挂下,生产参数越大,抽油杆柱惯性载荷和振动载荷越大,对抽油杆稳定性的影响越大,发生杆管偏磨的频率越高。泵挂深度方面：当生产参数一定时,泵挂越深,抽油杆柱也越易失稳发生弯曲偏磨。产出液性质方面：产出液粘度越大,液体通过游动凡尔的摩擦阻力越大,越易造成杆柱弯曲发生偏磨；产出液含砂量越大,柱塞与泵筒间的摩擦力越大,从而造成杆柱下行阻力越大,加剧偏磨的发生。井况方面：方位角和座标变化大的井,容易造成杆管接触发生偏磨；泵挂深度超过斜井拐点,泵挂越深,偏磨越严重。然后通过基础资料和现场资料分析判断出因杆管偏磨引起

3、的躺井,找准主要原因后结合现有的工艺技术,给与针对性的工艺措施治理。对腐蚀程度高引起的偏磨,实施定期加缓蚀剂,在油管表面和抽油杆表面形成较厚的润滑膜,既降低腐蚀作用,又起到润滑作用,减缓杆管偏磨。针对井况引起偏磨的工艺技术：使用双向保护抽油杆接箍、抗磨副抽油杆、抽油杆自动旋转装置等先进工艺,减缓杆管偏磨,给偏磨短命井的治理指明了思路。出砂是油田开采过程中砂粒随流体从油层中运移出来的现象,是油井生产中所面临的困难之一,出砂不仅会导致油井减产或停产以及地面和井下设备磨损,而且会加剧套管损坏、严重时可能导致油井报废,因此进行出砂预测及治理方案研究就显得尤为重要。通过对防砂种类的介绍,防砂方法选择上的

4、阐述,防砂效果的评价为防砂工作的开展提供了理论基础。抽油泵失效也是“短命井”频发的主要形式之一,针对含气量大,矿化度高,含硫化氢腐蚀、水敏、能量差、结蜡的区块,对抽油泵的基础件进行材料改进,通过材料的改进,强度和抗腐蚀性能大大提高,有效地减少了“短命井”的数量。过防顶冲砂工艺技术的应用,一方面套管变形严重导致油水井套管缩径井、套管串漏返水井增多,从而目前卡封技术不能对油井高压差高含水井、油水井封缩径井、套管腐蚀结垢油水井、层间差异大分采分注井、油水井套漏封串井实现长期有效卡封的问题,另一方面解决了管柱复杂,后续措施实施带来隐患。【英文摘要】ShengLi production second d

5、istrict of ShengTuo NingHai oilfield 40 years of exploration and development, second district of ShengTuo oilfield enters into high water cut,NingHai later, restricted by developing high water, high contain arenaceous, high salinity medium, the pump and poor hang deep, well conditions, resulting in

6、the comprehensive influence factors are expounded, part of short-term oil Wells, frequent homework, constrain the comprehensive economic benefit of oilfield development enhancement. In recent years, through detailed technical management, strengthening technical improvement, expounded the downward tr

7、end in oil Wells (got better control, holder has extended period of oil, but still no big change. Therefore, we must take comprehensive measures to prevent “well”, in order to achieve short-lived improve the economic efficiency.This article through to sucker rod, so biased wear governance from oil s

8、tem tube caused biased wear reason:string structure, production parameters, pump hang depth, produced fluid properties, well conditions on five aspects of a detailed analysis. String structure:when assembly anchoring easily causes string bending, lead to stem tube partial ground; String on the serie

9、s packer, the more serious the more eccentric wear. Production parameters aspects:the same pump hang the production parameters, sucker rod column inertial load and vibration load of sucker rod, the greater the effect of stability, the greater the biased wear occurred stem tube, the higher the freque

10、ncy. Pump hang depth aspects:when the production parameters must, pump the deeper, hang the sucker rod column is also more easily occur bending eccentric wear instability. Output fluid properties aspects:output, the greater the liquid through liquid viscosity of all frictional resistance, swimming,

11、the more it is apt to cause the rod string eccentric wear bending happen; Sand content of produced fluid, the greater the plunger pump cylinder with the friction between the rod string, the greater the resulting downstream resistance is larger, the occurrence of intensifying the eccentric wear. Well

12、 conditions aspects:azimuth and coordinates change big Wells, easy to cause the stem tube eccentric wear contact occurred; Pump deeper than shafts inflection point that hang the deeper, slant pump hang grinding the more serious. Then, through the base material and field data analysis by stem tube ju

13、dge the eccentric wear lay Wells, caused mainly alignment causes combine existing technology, give specific technological measures to management. The high degree of corrosion caused by eccentric wear, implement regular gal corrosion inhibitor, at the tubing surface and sucker rod surface forming thi

14、cker of lubricant, both reduce corrosion function, and a slowing lubrication, eccentric wear stem tube. According to well conditions cause partial grinding technology:use two-way protection sucker rod are setting up, anti-wear vice sucker rod, sucker rod automatically rotating device etc advanced te

15、chnology, slow stem tube eccentric wear well, give slant grinding pointed out the governance of short-lived thinking.The sand is oilfield exploitation process in oil layer with fluid from sand, is the phenomenon of migration out of oil well production, one of the difficulties faced by oil from sand

16、will lead not only to cut production and ground and underground or equipment wear and tear, but exacerbate the casing damage, serious when may result in oil Wells are out, so scrap sand prediction and management scheme researches are particularly important. Through the introduction of sand control t

17、ype on choosing 41.9% this method for the evaluation, sand control effect cappability work development provides theoretical basis.Pump failure is “well” frequent short-lived, according to one of the main form of containing the decency, high salinity, hydrogen sulfide-bearing corrosion, water sensiti

18、vity, energy is bad, the paraffin to block, pump improvement based on material, through a material improvement, strength and corrosion resistance greatly improved, effectively reduce the number of well” “short-lived.The frontier top application of blasting technology, on the one hand, casing deforma

19、tion serious cause the oil Wells casing shrink diameter well, the casing string of leakage current multiplied, thus returns Wells to seal technology can not oil card containing Wells, high-pressure difference high oil Wells sealing shrink diameter well casing and scaling oil Wells, corrosion large d

20、ifference between layers in separate injection Wells, portion of seal leakage of oil Wells well sealed achieve long-term effective card, on the other hand solved string complex, the subsequent measures to implement bring hazard.【关键词】短命井 偏磨 防腐 防砂 免修期【英文关键词】Short-lived wells Eccentric wear anticorrosi

21、ve Sand control Undergraduate period【目录】短命井原因分析及治理措施目录4-5CONTENT5-6摘要6-8ABSTRACT8-9第1章 绪论10-141.1 研究的目的和意义101.2 国内外发展现状10-131.3 研究内容及技术路线131.4 论文需要完成的工作13-14第2章 抽油杆断失效分析及治理14-282.1 抽油杆失效表现形式及特点142.2 抽油杆偏磨造成抽油杆断原因分析14-222.3 抽油杆失效的治理22-272.4 本章小结27-28第3章 抽油泵失效原因分析与治理28-363.1 抽油泵失效造成”短命井”原因分析28-303.2 抽油泵失效治理30-353.3 本章小结35-36第4章 油井出砂原因分析与治理36-434.1 油井出砂造成”短命井”的原因36-374.2 防砂分类及特点37-384.3 防砂方法的选择38-404.4 防砂效果评价40-43第5章 对卡封”短命井”治理43-545.1 目前采油厂卡封问题43-445.2 采油厂卡封开采现状44-455.3 技术思路及研究内容45-525.4 应用效果及经济效益评价52-535.5 本章小结53-54第6章 结论54-56参考文献56-59致谢59-60作者攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文60-61学位论文评阅及答辩情况表61