直接引语和间接引语

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1、直接引语和间接引语直接引用别人所讲的话叫“直接引语（The Direct Speech）”，通常放在引号内。用自己的话转述别人所讲的话叫“间接引语（The Indirect Speech）”。间接引语在大多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语与间接引语之间可以相互转换，转换时通常要注意人称、句式、时态及状语等各方面的变化。一、人称变化。直接引语转换为间接引语时，人称代词要根据说话人所处的立场而进行适当的改变。如：Uncle Li said: “I will pick you up after wook this evening.” Uncle Li said he would pick me up

2、after wook that evening.二、句式变化。1. 直接宾语为陈述句时，转化为间接引语要用that（有时可省略）来引导。如：Tom said, “My father got home from the park.” Tom said (that) his father had got home from the park.2. 直接引语为疑问句时，转化时要注意将间接引语中的宾语从句部分改为陈述语序，同时引导宾语从句的连接词要视情况而定。1）直接引语为一般疑问句时，要用whether/if 来引导，同时要注意如果原句的谓语为say时要改为ask。必要时还可加上一个间接宾语(me,

3、 him, us 等)，如： “Have you seen her somewhere?” Anderson said.Anderson asked(me) whether/if I had seen her somewhere.2）直接引语为特殊疑问句时，引导词为原句的特殊疑问词，如：“What are you doing?” she shouted at me agrily. She asked me what I was doing angrily.3）直接引语是选择疑问句时，转化时间接引语的谓语动词可以选择wonder, ask等词，宾语从句由whether.or(not).来引导。例

4、如：My grandma said sorrowly, “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”My grandma asked sorrowly whether I was leaving that day or the next day.3. 直接引语是祈使句时，转化时多使用一个不定式，谓语可根据语气来定。如：用ask sb. (not) to do来表示“请求”；用tell / order sb. (not) to do来表示“命令”；三、时态变化。直接引语转化为间接引语时，宾语从句中的谓语一般要转化成与直接引语相对应的过去的时态。当然，若直接引语使用了过

5、去完成时，转化时就不需要再作改变了。四、状语等其他变化。直接引语改为间接引语时，除以上的人称变化、句式变化、时态变化外，还要注意状语等其他变化。主要有：1. 时间状语变化，如：nowthen；todaythat day；tonightthat night； yesterdaythe day before； last weekthe week before；tomorrowthe next day等；2. 地点状语变化，如：herethere等；3. 指示代词变化，如：thisthat；thesethose等；4. 谓语动词变化，如：comego等。五、其它需要注意的地方。1. 直接引语如果是客

6、观真理或客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2. 直接引语是一般过去时并且和具体时间状语连用时，改为间接引语时，时态一般不变。如：“The teaching-building was set up in 2004.” he said. He said that the teaching-building was set up in 2004.3. 如果在当地转述，那么here不必改为ther

7、e，come不必改为go。如果在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。如：“Come here at 8:00 tommorrow.” I said. I asked him to come here at 8:00 today, but he hasnt appeared until now同步练习1 She said, “Are you from the south?” She asked _ I _ from the south. 2. Mom said to me, “Dont tell a lie.” Mom _ me _ _ tell a lie. 3

8、 Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.” Susan told me that _ _ _ the Red Star Farm _ _ _. 4 Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Mr Paul _ us that light _ faster than sound. 5 “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him. The manager _ him _ _ and post th

9、e letters单项选择1.WherewasAlicessister?Idontknowwhere_. A.wasAlicessisterB.Alicessisterwas C.isAlicessisterD.Alicessisteris2.Whatdidhesay?Idontknowwhat_. A.didhesayB.hesaysC.hehassaidD.hesaid3.Idontknow_. A.thereasonwhycanbeB.whythereasonmaybeC.whatthereasoncanbeD.whatthereasonmaybe4.Iwonder_.whichofth

10、efollowingisnottherightchoice? A.whethershewillbefitforthejobornot B.whetherornotshewillbefitforthejob C.ifshewillbefitforthejob D.whatshewillbefitforthejob5.IsMr.WufromBeijing?Idontknow_. A.wheredoeshecomefromB.fromwheredoeshecome C.whichcityhecomesfromD.whatcityhecomesfrom6.Canyoumakesure_? A.that

11、hewillcomeheretodayB.whenhewillcomeheretoday C.willhecomeheretodayD.whetherwillhecomeheretoday7.Doyouhappentoknow_? A.whereisheraddressB.inwhichplaceisheraddress C.whatheraddressisD.theplaceheraddressis8.Excuseme,butcanyoutellme_? A.wherecanIgettothelibraryB.whereIcangettothelibrary C.howcanIgettothelibraryD.howIcangettothelibrary9.Johnaskedme_tovisithisunclesfarmwithhim. A.howwouldIlikeB.ifornotwouldIlike C.whetherIwouldlikeD.whichIwouldlike10.Idliketoknow_Chinese. A.whenhebegantolearnB.whendidhebegintolearnC.whendidhebeginlearningD.forhowlonghebegantolearn