(完整)专八必考知识点,推荐文档

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1、专八必考知识点（1）1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dicke ns.2. Phono logy: The study of speech sounds in Ian guage or ala nguage with reference to their distribution and patterning andto tacit rules governing pronunciation.音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学，音系学3. Syn tax: The study of

2、 the rules whereby words or othereleme nts of sentence structureare comb ined to form grammatical senten ces.句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Sema ntics: The study or scie nee of meaning in Ian guage forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym:首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如， NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但 VOA 是 Initiali

3、sm 。6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another withwhich it isclosely associated, as in the use of Wash ington for the Un ited States governme nt or ofthe sword for military power.换喻或转喻，一种，一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美=或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个 红领巾”也是，以红领巾

4、指代少先队员。7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase in troduced by like or as, as in How like the win ter hath my abse nee bee n orSo are you to mythoughts as food to life （Shakespeare）. 明喻，一种修辞手法，把两种基本 不相像的东西进行比较， 通常在由 like 或 as 引导的短语中，如 我的离开好

5、象是冬天来临 或 你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”（莎士比亚）8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordin arily desig nates onething isused to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of tr oubles or Alltheworlds a stage（Shakespeare）隐喻一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示它们之间的相似之处，如忧

6、愁之海”或整个世界一台戏”莎士比亚）the ship of desert 沙漠之舟9.Oxym oron: A rhetorical figure in which incon gruous or con tradictory terms are comb ined, as ina deafening silenee and a mournful optimist.矛盾修饰法 , 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如在震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观cruel kindn ess10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the

7、Houses of Parliament, Westminster is BigBe n.专八必考知识点（2）11. Joh n Milt on the poet wrote of Adam and Eve expulsi on from the Garde n of Ede nin ParadiseLost. Paradise Regainedwas also written by him.12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of severalconventional rhyme schemes. 十四行诗体,一种由十四行

8、组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式，莎士比亚用过此诗体。13. Siang: Akind of Ianguage occurring chiefly in casual andplayful speech, made up typically of short-lived coin ages a nd figures of speech that are deliberatelyused in place of sta ndard terms foradded raciness, humor, irreverenee, or other effect.俚语主要出现在非正式的、游戏性的话语

9、中的一种语言，基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成，它们被故意地用来取代标准的词语以达到生动、幽默、无礼或其它效果14. Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving asa sloganfor a groupo rmovement.警句，妙句，吸引人的词句广泛使用的或流行的用语，尤指用作集团或运动的 口号的用语。15. Jargon: The specialized or technical Ianguage of a trade, profession, or similar group. 行 话

10、,一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言.16. Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were originalorsignificant.陈腔滥调，陈腐的或平庸的评论或陈述，尤指某人表述它时好象它是新颖的或 有意义的17. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in Icou ldsleep for a year o

11、r This book weighs a ton.夸张法，一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效 果，比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重18. onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate thesoun dsassociated with the objects or act ion s they refer to. 象声词,词的构成或用法，例女口 buzz 或 nurmur模仿事物或行动的声音 .19. hypotaxis:从属关系29. etymology: the history

12、 of a word.词源学20. parataxis:并列结构，指短语或分句间不用连词，如如: I came, I saw, I conquered.专八必考知识点 （3）21. Tran sce nden talism: A literary and philosophical moveme nt,associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller,asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcendsthe empirical and scien

13、tific and is knowable through intuition.超验主义 , 一种文学和哲学运动，与拉尔夫；沃尔多；爱默生和玛格丽特；富勒有关，宣称存在一种理想的精 神实体，超越于经验和科学之处，通过直觉得以把握22. Natha niel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter.23. Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in Ian guage or a Ian guage,i nclud ing inflection, derivati on, and the fo

14、rmati on of compo un ds.词法，词态学，形态音位学，语言或某一语言中对于单词的结构和形式的研究，包括词尾变化、 派生和合成词的构成24. affricate: A complex speech sound con sisti ng of a stop consonant辅音 followed by africative 摩擦;for example, the in itial sounds of child and joy.塞擦音由闭塞音伴随着摩擦音而形成的复杂的语音；例如 child 和 joy 的第一个音Also called: affricative.25. Van

15、ity Fair 名禾 U 场 was written by William Makepeace Thackray26. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins尼尔阿姆斯特朗、埃德温奥尔德林、迈克尔柯林斯27. The title of the natio nal an them国歌 of Can ada is O Ca nada.此种类型题同学们可自己多找几个国家。28. Henry David Thor eau work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of NewEngla nd Transcenden talism.29. etymology: the history of a word.词源学30. The dominant accent in the United States is General American.英格兰除纽约市、南方、新