世纪商务英语阅读四版基础篇2Unit5

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1、CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社阅读教程（基础篇阅读教程（基础篇2 2）（第四版）（第四版）世纪商务英语世纪商务英语 主编：王洗薇主编：王洗薇Unit Five Human ResourcesM大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Human Resources Management Human Resources Management (HRM) performs a large number of tasks in order to make the organization run smoothly.

2、Training of employees and a fair compensation plan play two important roles. Without them,employees will become unsatisfied and leave the company.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Human Resources Management Undoubtedly, recruitment of employees directly influences the efficiency of an organization. So, during the r

3、ecruiting process, preparations for interview questions and a formal interview should be done seriously. In addition to HR content, you are going to learn more about skimming in this unit.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Human Resources ManagementReading Skill FocusWords and ExpressionsPractical ReadingComprehensi

4、ve Reading大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusSkimming (2) Since you have known the difference between “scanning” and “skimming” as well as the general idea of“skimming”, you need to sharpen your skills! Remember:1. Read only the first and the last paragraphs.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus G

5、enerally, a writers opinion or attitude will be presented in the first paragraph, andemphasized again or just restated in the last paragraph. Sometimes the writer may draw aconclusion in the last paragraph. By reading the first paragraph, or sometimes both the first and the last paragraphs, you may

6、become very clear about what is focused on in the writing.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus2. Read only the first sentence of each paragraph. When reading business reports or articles, you may need just to know a brief idea about them, and sometimes you just dont have to read the literature comp

7、letely. Then reading the first sentence of each paragraph will be helpful enough for you to grip quite well the main idea, for the first sentence of each paragraph could convey a lot of important information about the subject.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus 3. Search for some key words and phr

8、ases. Some special words may be very sensitive to people in some cases. Under such circumstances, skimming some words or phrases becomes very practical. When skimming, your eyes begin to slide down a column of words, names or figures; you are vaguely aware of other words; you react positively only w

9、hen the right one comes along.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusAGuided PracticeSample 1 Read the following passage quickly and choose the best answer for the question that follow. The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced

10、to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned

11、out that the bread was not dietetic（特定饮食的,营养的），but just regular bread.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus On the positive side，emotional appeals may respond to a consumers real concerns.Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real r

12、eason for fire insurance.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads，they

13、 will benefit from the advertising.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers，but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumer

14、s still control the final buying decision.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusThe passage is mainly about_.A. ways to make a wise buying decisionB. ways to protect the interests of the consumersC. the positive and negative aspects of advertisingD. the function of advertisements in promoting sales阅读

15、每一段的第一句，通过归纳总结，可以得出选项C是正确答案。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusSample 2 Read the following paragraphs quickly and choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs 1-4. Therere more headings than you will need.List of Headings1. Enjoying Music2. Student Activities3. Entertainment4. Sport大连理工大学出版社大连

16、理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusParagraph 1 Most students become involved in activities organized by the Unions societies and committees. Over 140 groups provide for academic, national, religious, political and other recreational interests.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Every fortnight, for example

17、, students produce Steel Press, which is one of the countrys leading student newspapers, the Arts Council organizes regular exhibitions in the Unions Gallery, and the Theatre Company stages several productions each year in the Drama Studio, which is recognized as one of the best-equipped university

18、theatres.划线部分是主题句，由此可以判断这段的主题是2. Student Activities。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus There are almost 60 Union sports clubs, providing a wide range of sporting opportunities. In addition to the traditional sports, there is a chance to take up activities such as hang-gliding, korfball or snowboa

19、rding. The clubs offer opportunities for competitive sport at the highest level, as well as participation for the fun of it.Paragraph 2 划线部分是主题句，由此可以判断本段的主题是sports clubs 和sporting opportunities，由此可以判断这段的主题是4. Sport大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusParagraph 3 The Union has established the Octagon

20、 Centre as a major venue on the national circuitfor the very best in live music. A varied program offers the latest bands，together with jazz，rock and comedy. A range of other venues includes“The Foundry”，a popular nightclub，and rooms for private parties. The Union also has its own cinema，which scree

21、ns four films each week.划线部分是本段的关键词,由此可以判断本段的主题是3. Entertainment大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusB. Challenge YourselfChallenge 1 Read the following passage quickly and choose the best answer for the questions that follow. It is, as everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he le

22、arns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusLanguage learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often lo

23、ng listeners. Most children will“obey”spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questions by gesture and bymaking quest

24、ioning noises.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as pa

25、rticularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus But since these can not be said to show the babys intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with

26、sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire(能发出的全部声音).大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意识的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point

27、 at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus1. The authors purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children _.A. usually obey without asking questionsB. are passive in the process of learning to speakC. are born coopera

28、tiveD. learn to speak by listening( )D大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus2. The third paragraph is mainly about _.A. the development of babiesearly forms of languageB. the difficulties of babies in learning to speakC. babiesstrong desire to communicateD. babiesintention to communicate( )A大连理工大学出版社

29、大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus3. The best title for this passage would be _.A. How Babies Learn to SpeakB. Early Forms of LanguageC. A Huge Task for ChildrenD. Noise Making and Language Learning( )A大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusChallenge 2 Read the following paragraphs quickly and choose the mo

30、st suitable headings for paragraphs 1-4 from the following list of headings. There are more headings than you will need.List of Headings1. Female Students2. Advice and Support3. Community Involvement4. Representation5. Meeting Every Need6. Services and Facilities大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus

31、Paragraph 1 The Unions services include a range of bars and food outlets, including a continentalcafe bar, as well as two local pubs. There is a shop, travel agency, printing service andlaunderette. 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus All these services offer good value and quality as well as gene

32、rating funds to support other student activities. The Union Building also houses banks and other retailservices, together with rooms to meet, study and relax.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusParagraph 2 Representatives appointed by the Union sit on most of the main University committeesto put fo

33、rward student views. There are also hundreds of students elected to serve ondepartmental and faculty committees, who receive support and training from the Union.Student views are also represented to local organizations, and nationally through the National Union of Students.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading

34、Skill FocusParagraph 3 A team of experienced staff in the Unions Student Advice Centre handles more than20,000 enquiries each year on grants, housing and other welfare matters. Specialist advisers deal with the problems of international, postgraduates and mature students. Information is published on

35、 a wide range of issues, and a student-run information and listening service isprovided throughout the night.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusParagraph 4 The Union encourages students to play a full part in the life of the city. Many areinvolved in Student Community Action, which organizes proje

36、cts with children, people withdisabilities, the elderly, the homeless and other groups.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus The Conversation Volunteers organize a range of activities in the city and the Peak District, and the Charities Appeal raises money for local and national charities through a

37、variety of events.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingText AWhat Does the HR Department Do?Suggested Reading Time: 8.5 min. 1. The Human Resources Department does a variety of jobs. Some of them are important while others are essential. The following tasks are those carried out on routine.on rout

38、ine常规性地，惯例地译文译文人力资源部履行多种职能，其中一些很重要，另一些则必不可少。下面列出的就是部分常规性的工作 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTraining and Development 2. In a knowledge-based organization, all staff must obtain new skills and knowledge to meet the changing requirements of their present jobs or for career development purposes.

39、译文译文对于一个不断更新知识以谋求发展的企业，所有员工都必须获得新的技能和知识以适应目前不断变化的工作要求或达到自身事业发展的目的 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading An organization has to invest in proper training for its staff in order to keep pace with the development of technology and knowledge needed. The staff can accomplish the organizations tasks and

40、 goals well at their best.accomplish 完成译文译文因此，为了与所需的技术和知识的发展保持同步，企业必须出资对其员工进行适当的培训，从而使员工具备最佳工作状态，圆满完成企业的任务和目标 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 3 . Training is one element of a comprehensive personnel management system Adequate investment in training to maintain and improve its human capital i

41、s a key strategic goal of the organization.译文译文培训是完整的人事管理系统的一个组成部分。在培训方面投入足够的资金，维持和提高人力资本，是企业的一个重要战略目标 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingPlanning Financial Compensation 4. A fair compensation plan for employees is important. Wages and salaries stand for a considerable part of an organizations e

42、xpenses. If they are priced excessively, the cost of an organizations products may become too high to be competitive in the market.译文译文给员工公平的报酬是至关重要的。周薪和月薪在企业的支出中占有相当的分量。假如给员工开价过高， 企业产品的成本就会过高而在市场中失去竞争力 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Nevertheless, inadequate financial compensation may influ

43、ence employees attitude to work. Without fair payment, employees will become unsatisfied and may leave the organization.译文译文然而，报酬不足又会影响到员工对工作的态度。没有公平的报酬，员工就会感到不满，就有可能离开企业 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 5. A compensation plan deals with evaluating the relevant value of all jobs within the or

44、ganization. Meanwhile, employeesefforts should also be put into consideration.译文译文报酬方案涉及对企业内部所有工作的相关价值进行评估，同时，还要考虑员工的努力程度 relevant 有关的,相应的大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Compensation for a specific job is typicallydetermined through a wage/salary study. It is concerned with job evaluations,

45、rates paid by competitors, cost of living, law and the organizations ability to pay.译文译文某一个特定工作的报酬要通过专门的周薪/月薪研究才能决定。它涉及工作评价、竞争者支付的为了与所需的技术和知识的发展保持同步，企业出资对其员工进行适当的培训、生活成本、相关法律以及企业的支付能力。特定工作范畴内员工的报酬取决于工作的报酬和员工的生产力 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingPromoting and Transferring 6 . A promotion is a r

46、ise, or vertical movement within an organization to a position with more power, responsibility, and salary. In some companies, senioritythe length of time a person has been with the companyis the focus in determining who should be promoted.promotion 提拔.晋升译文译文晋升即为上升，是在企业内部转向一个权力更大、责任更大、薪水更高的职位的垂直移动。在

47、一些公司里，资历员工在公司的年限往往成为决定谁将被提升的关键因素 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Most managers prefer to base promotion on advantages. They base promotion onseniority only when they have employees with equal qualifications. However, good performance at one job gets no guarantee of good performance at anothe

48、r.译文译文大多数经理偏爱根据优势来决定晋升。他们只有在（两名）员工具备相同资质的情况下，才按照资历（来决定谁）晋升。然而，在某一个工作岗位有好的表现不能保证在另一个工作岗位也会有好的表现 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading An employee who is skillful at mechanics may be unskillful at communication and management as a supervisor. If this employee is promoted，the organization would lose

49、a good mechanic and get a lower-level supervisor. In such a case，the employees rewards should be in some form other than a promotion.译文译文一位精通机械的员工，也许作为管理人员，却在交际和管理方面一窍不通。假如提拔了这位员工，那么，企业就失去了一名好的机械师而得到一位低水平的管理员。在这种情况下，应该通过其他形式奖励该员工而不应该提拔他 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 7. A transfer is a hori

50、zontal move from one job to another within a company. Transfers allow workers to obtain new skills or to find a newposition within an organization when their old position has been removed because of automation，decreased sales or some other factors.译文译文调动是公司内部从一个工种转向另一个工种的水平移动。被调动的员工基本上还是保留在原有的工资和工作水

51、平之上。当企业中老的职位由于自动化、销售下降或其他一些因素而被取消时，调动使员工可以获得新的技能或找到新的岗位 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingPracticing Profit Sharing 8. Profit sharing deals with distributing a percentage of company profits to the employees whose work helped generate those profits. Someprofit-sharing plans involve distributing

52、shares of company stock to employees.译文译文利润分享是指将一定比例的公司利润分配给那些为公司工作，使公司获得这些利润的员工。有的利润分享计划包括将公司的股份分配给员工 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Usually referred to as ESOPsEmployee Stock Ownership Plans. One reason for the popularity of profit sharing is the sense ofpartnership gained which is carrie

53、d between the organization and employees.译文译文近年来颇为流行的是一种被称为ESOPs的形式，即：员工股票拥有计划。利润分享广受欢迎的一个原因是企业和员工之间形成的“合伙”意识 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Profit sharing can also encourage employees to work hard because increased productivity and sales mean that the profits or the dividends will also inc

54、rease.译文译文利润分享可以激励员工努力工作，因为生产力和销售的提高意味着利润或股息也随之增加了 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingMaintaining Equal Opportunity 9. Equal opportunity and treatment between men and women employees is a basic principle of HR policy.译文译文人力资源政策的一个基本原则就是男女员工之间机会和待遇均等 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 1

55、Use the techniques of skimming to do No.1 and No. 2 exercises. Just read the first paragraph, the bold-face and you can easily find the answers to them. For the others, you should read more carefully.1. The passage mainly talks about _.A. what HR management isB. the responsibilities of HR department

56、C. how to manage the employees effectivelyD. the purpose of HR management.( )B大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 2. The comprehensive personnel management system includes the followings except _.A. recruitment B. performance controlC. training D. capital investment( )D大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehe

57、nsive Reading 3. It is the policy of an organization to invest in proper training for its staff in order to_.A.catch up with the rapid development of knowledge and technology neededB. have stronger influence of the organizations image in societyC. build up an environment to encourage its staff to st

58、udy and work harderD. properly distribute the organizations profits to please both the board and employees( )A大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 4. Inadequate financial compensation may lead to employeesdissatisfaction and decision to _.A. request for higher payB. go on strike and even cause sa

59、botageC. leave the organizationD. find out the reason for their low salary( )C大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 5. What will the HR manager consider when two employees have equal qualifications but only one of them can be promoted?A. Their period of working for the organization.B. Their relati

60、onship with the HR manager.C. Their attitude toward promotion.D. The HR managers power to make by himself the final decision on promotion.( )A大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 6. What is the main reason for the popularity of profit sharing?A.The tendency of organizations ability to earn higher

61、 profitability.B. The sense of partnership between the organization and employees.C. The more proper and fairer way to compensate employees.D. The increased productivity and dividends.( )B大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 7. More actions should be taken to promote equal opportunity as womens p

62、ositions remain _ at present.A. weaker B. importantC. lower D. in narrower fields( )C大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 8. The word “excessively” (Para. 4, Line 3) is closest in meaning to _.A. moderately B. properlyC. inadequately D. extremely high( )D大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTas

63、k 2 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.essential accomplish adequate treatmentcompensation seniority relevant various1. As they shared equal qualifications for promotion, the manager had to take advantage of theirseniority _2. What is the difference betwee

64、n these two economic systems? essential _大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社3. There were patterns of color to choose from for the design of new womens clothing. various _4. The reason why I didnt do well in my exams is that I just didnt have time to prepare. adequate _5. Sometimes, two employees with the same job m

65、ay not receive exactly the same compensation _大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社6. The scientist corresponds with colleagues in order to learn about matters to her own research. relevant _7. You should the task within the limited time. accomplish _8. It is still a long way for women to receive fair in all fields as

66、 men do.treatment_大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 3 The following phrases are all about HR management. Translate them into Chinese so that you can understand the functions of HR further.1. personnel management人事管理_2. job evaluation岗位价值评估_3. human capital人力资本_4. employees attitude to work员工对工作的态度_大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社5. profit sharing利润分享_6. key strategic goal of the organization正常工作时间_7. promoting and transferring晋升和调动_8. Employee Stock Ownership Plans员工持股计划_大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehens