译林版英语八年级下册期中考试重点知识复习(共25页)

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上8B Unit1 知识梳理2020.2【重点词组】1.in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事3.do a history project on the changes in Beijing over the years做个有关这些年北京的变化的历史调查4.write a report on the changes in your home town写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道5.kno

2、w about the different forms of transport对不同形式的交通工具很了解6.talk about transport at different times讨论不同时期的交通工具7.take turns to do sth.=do sth. by turns轮流做某事8.go to school by bike = ride a bike to school骑自行车去学校9.wait for the next one 等下一辆车10.go to school by bus= take a bus to school= go to school on the bu

3、s 乘公交车去学校11.interview sb. to get some information 为了得到些信息采访某人12.know sunshine town very well 对阳光镇很了解13.be born 出生14.move house 搬家15.in the northern part of town在这个镇的西部16.get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb.和某人结婚17.marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人18.move two blocks away搬到两个街区以外19.live in this are

4、a 住在这个地区20.since then 自从那以后since I was born/ since last Saturday/since three days ago21.over the years 这些年over the past century 在过去的几个世纪22.in the town centre= in the centre of the town 在镇中心23.turn/change/put sth. into 把某物变成某物24.a steel factory 一个钢铁厂25.put the waste into the river 把垃圾倒入河里put down 记下p

5、ut away 收好put on 穿上put off 推迟、延期26.take action to improve the situation采取行动改善这种情况27.in some ways 在某些方面on the way (to ) 在的路上by the way 顺便说no way 没门in any way 无论如何28.most of my old friends大部分我的老朋友29.move away 搬走/move to(into) another town30.see each other as often as before像以前一样经常看到对方31.play cards and

6、 Chinese chess 打牌和下棋32.feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤单33.from time to time = at times = sometimes 有时34.because of being alone 因为独自一人35.a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼on both sides/ on each side36.interview sb.= have an interview with sb. 采访某人37.all his life 整个他的一生38.in the past 在过去at

7、 present 现在39.make some notes 做些笔记40.waste sth. on sth./ sb.浪费某物在某物/某人上41.repair over ten bicycles= repair more than ten bicycles修理超过10辆自行车42.teach sb. a lot about the history of China教我很多有关中国的历史43.talk about a film about the history of Beijing讨论一个有关北京历史的影片44.learn more about Beijings past and prese

8、nt对北京的过去和现在了解更多45.hear about/of 听说hear from sb.= receive/ get ones letter=receive/get a letter of sb.收到某人来信46.living conditions 居住条件47.return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人48.go abroad 去国外at home or abroad 在国内外49.at primary school 在小学50.keep in touch with each other 互相保持联系51.make communication much easier使得联系

9、更容易Communicate with sb.和某人保持联系52.take place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行happen发生(偶然发生)53.green hills all around到处都是绿山54.a river runs through the centre of town一条小河穿过镇中心55.get used to the changes of life习惯了生活的变化56.on ones own = by oneself = alone 独自57.throw rubbish扔垃圾58.in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方59.move in

10、to new flats搬到新公寓去60.in their free time在他们业余时间61.travel around the town在镇里转转62.have their own cars= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车63.use the new words to talk about my hometown用些新词来讨论我的家乡64.use facts to support my opinions用事实来支持我的观点【重点句型】1.There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a

11、long time to wait for the next one.公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一趟。2.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对我们来说像以前一样经常见到彼此已经不可能。3.Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town. Sunshine Town 已经发生了惊人的变化。4.Local people used to live in old houses,but now,most of them hav

12、e moved into new flats.当地人过去常常居住在旧房子里，但是现在他们大多数已经搬到了新的公寓。5.We mainly communicate by email.The Internet makes communication much easier.我们主要通过电子邮件交流，网络使交流变得更加容易。6.It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.习惯生活的快速变化是不容易的。7.My uncle used to live in the city,but now he is used to living

13、in the countryside.我叔叔过去居住在城市，但现在他习惯于居住在乡下。8.I have to spend more time on my homework than before.比起以前我不得不花费更多的时间在我的家庭作业上。【重点语法】1.现在完成时开始于过去，持续或影响到现在。或多次动作的积累（不一定完成）结构：havehas+p.p.标志词：yet,never,since+pt,already,for+时段译为已经多长时间，recently. 2.现完与过去现完强调持续与影响，时间段，过去只是过去时间点。3. usedused to do sth过去常常做某事，（过去某

14、地有某物there used to be )be used to doing习惯于做某事be used to do 被用来做某事be used for（doing)sth 被用于（做）某事be used as sth 被作为用 4.justjust nowjust 刚刚，用于现完，三类词后，行为动词前。Just now ,句末，用于过去时。5.sinceforsince +过去时=for +时段6.乘takeinonbytake（V)a the工具to 地点=go to 地点by+工具=goto 地点onina( the) 工具7.in some waysin the wayon the wa

15、yby the wayin a wayin some ways在某种程度上；in the way 挡道；on the way在去的路上；by the way顺便问一下；in a way在某种程度上。8.howeverbut9.marrymarry动词，marry sb（娶）嫁给某人。marry sb to sb把某人许嫁给某人；marriedadj be married 已婚的（长），get married已婚的（短）be (get) married to sb与某人结婚(不用with)。10.agobeforeago用于一般过去时，时段+before用于现在完成时。Since+时段+ago用

16、于现完。11.a bit a littlea bit=a little+adjadva little +不可名=a bitof+不可名not a bit一点儿不；not a liitle很，非常12.fromto相关from day to day日复一日；from mouth to mouth广泛流传；from bad to worth每况愈下；from top to bottom从头到尾；from start to finish自始自终；from moning to night从早到晚13.hear about ofhearabout所听内容更细些Hearof听别人说过或提及多可互换。14.

17、returnbackreturntosp=getbackto sp.Return sth to sb 归还某人某物=give sth back to sb15.abroadat home and abroadstudy abroadgo abroad be abroadfrom abroad (不能与at in on 连用）16.独自on ones own =by oneself17.spendpay costtakesb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth./on sth.sb. pay some money for sth.sth. cost sb.

18、 some money.It takes sb. some money to do sth.18.take place happentake place 有计划发生Happen 偶然，多是不好的事Sth happen to sb /sth take place (都无被动）19.被动语态当主语是动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。结构为be+pp.(强:一感二听三让四看主动语态不带to ,被动语态还原to.)His father made him do his homework for three hours.=He was made to do his homework for three hou

19、rs8B Unit2 知识梳理【词汇拓展】1. beautifuladj.beauty(n.)美人，美丽2. sailv.sailing(n.)帆船运动3. flyv.flight(n.)航班4. diev.dead (adj.)死的5. directadj.directly(adv.)6. indooradj.outdoor(反义词)【重点词组】1.go on a trip to到作一次旅行2.must be great fun一定很有趣3.takeout for a few days 带出去几天4.bring sth with sb 把带在身边e on 快点；加油6.tourist att

20、ractions 旅游景点7.a symbol of 的象征8.go skiing 去滑雪9.go hiking 去远足10.see the beautiful view 看美丽的风景11.take photos 拍照12.welcome to 欢迎到13.write to sb 写信给14.have a fantastic time 玩得很高兴15.the whole day 整天16.by underground 乘地铁17.at the entrance 在入口处18.move at high speed 高速运行19.a fast food restaurant 一家快餐店20.be

21、interested in 对感兴趣21.cant stop taking photos 不停地拍照22.a parade of Disney characters 迪斯尼人物的游行23.later in the afternoon 下午晚些时候24.the best part of the day 一天中最精彩的部分25.wave to 向挥手致意26.all the way 一路上27.be like magic 像魔术一样28.the great Lion King show 精彩的狮王表演29.buy some souvenirs 买一些纪念品30.at the end of 在结束时

22、31.watch fireworks 观看烟火32.look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks在烟火映衬下看起来很闪亮33.in all 一共，总计34.an exciting trip 一次刺激的旅行35.show sth to sb 把某物给某人看36.a line of people 一队人37.wait in line 排队等候38.a meaningful experience 一次有意义的经历39.a really delightful holiday 一次真得令人高兴的假日40.colourful costumes 多姿多彩的服饰41

23、.a member of 一名成员42.travel to Shengzhen 到深圳旅游43.all year around 全年44.in the coming holiday 在即将到来的假日45.take turns to do sth 依次/轮流做某事46.plan to travel abroad 计划出国旅游47.hope to do sth 希望做某事48.wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事49.fly to 飞往某地50.fresh air 新鲜的空气51.pleasant weather 宜人的天气52.places of interest 名胜古迹53.t

24、he day of our trip to Hongkong 我们去香港旅游的日子54.three and a half hours= three hours and a half 三个半小时55.have a birds-eye view of Hongkong 鸟瞰香港的景色56.a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening一座高楼耸立、夜晚灯光闪烁的现代化城市57.cultural centre 文化中心【重点句型】1.Ive been theremany times. 我已经去哪儿很多次了。 2.L

25、et me take you outfor a few days. 让我带你出去玩几天吧。3.Idont thinkitll be a holiday for me. 我认为这对我来说不是一个假期。 4.Icouldnt stop taking photoswith them. 我不停地和他们一起拍照。5.It must be fun. 那一定很有趣。6.Its a famous theme park andincludes four different parks.这是一个著名的主题公园，它包括四个不同的公园。7.The childrenclapped and screamed with j

26、oywhen they saw their favorite characters.孩子们看见他们最喜爱的人物高兴的拍手尖叫。8.The line of peopleoutside Space Mountain wasendless.Space Mountain外面排队的人很多。9.I cancheck it for youwhen I talk with my dad. 当我和爸爸谈过后，我可以为你核实一下。10.The weather in Hong Kongwas quite different fromthatin Beijing.香港的天气和北京的相当不同。11.Itwas real

27、ly wonderful tohave a birds-eye view ofHong Kong- a modern city of tallbuildings with lights shiningin the evening.鸟瞰香港的景色真的非常漂亮一座高楼耸立、夜晚灯光闪烁的现代化城市12.The castlelooked shiny and beautiful under the fireworks.城堡在烟火的照耀下闪闪发光非常漂亮。13.The performers waved to people while theymarched across the park,singing

28、 and dancing all the way.表演者一路上又唱又跳的向人们挥着手穿过公园。14.We were screaming and laughingthrough the whole ride.我们在整个骑行过程中都在尖叫和笑。15.My dadbought some stationery formy cousin. 我爸爸为堂弟买了一些文具。16.Theyhave never been toHong Kong. 他们从来没有去过香港。17.Kittyhas gone toHong Kong with her family. Kitty和她的家人去北京了。18.My cousinh

29、as been inBeijing for a month. 我的堂妹在北京已经一个月了。19.Kittyhas had her pursefor a year. Kitty的钱包已经买了一年了。20.The lambhas been deadfor quite some time. 这只羔羊去世有一段时间了。21.My parentsgot marriedfifteen years ago. 我父母15年前结婚。22. Theyhave been marriedfor more than fifteen years. 他们已经结婚超过15年了。23.I have to return it b

30、ecause Ihave keptit for too long.我必须把它归还因为我已经借了太长时间了。24.The best part of the daywas when the elephants took bananas from the visitors.一天中最好的时候就是当大象从游客那拿香蕉的时。【词句解析】1.speedn.速度点拨 at a speed of以的速度at top speed以最高速Our speed averaged out at 50 km an hour.我们的平均速度是每小时50公里。He drove at a speed of sixty miles

31、 per hour.他以每小时60英里的速度开车。拓展speedvt.&vi.急行，加速，超速speed up加速slow down减速Wed better speed up if we want to get there on time.如果我们想准时到达那里，我们最好加快速度。2.except,besides和except for(1)except表示“除去，不包括”，指“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。The company is open every day except Sundays.除了周日，这家公司每天都营业。You may dr

32、op in at any time except at noon.除了中午，你任何时候来都可以。(2)besides表示“除了之外，还有”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。We all passed the exam besides Tom.除了汤姆外，我们也都及格了。(3)except for也表示“除以外”，表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用。Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。3.have/has been to, have

33、/has gone to和have/has been in(1)have/has been to表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”。They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次了。(2)have/has gone to表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，指可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回来的路上。He has gone to Beijing. He will be back in two months.他去北京了，两个月后回来。(3)have/has been in 表示“在某地”。He has been in Beijing for three

34、 weeks.他已经在北京三周了。4.die, dead,death和dying(1)die是动词，意为“死，死亡”，是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。The old man died of cancer. 那位老人死于癌症。(2)dead是形容词，意为“死了的，无生命的”，表示状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。The tree has been dead for ten years.那棵树死了有十年了。(3)death是名词，意为“死亡，去世”。The memorial hall was built

35、one year after his death.他去世一年后，那座纪念馆建成了。(4)dying 是die的现在分词形式，用作形容词，意为“垂死的，即将死去的”。The poor dog had no food. It was dying. 那条可怜的狗没有食物，奄奄一息了。5.for example和such as(1)for example表示“例如”，一般只以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。Ball games, for example, have spread around the world.例如，球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。(2)s

36、uch as也表示“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia and Canada.许多国家都讲英语，例如澳大利亚和加拿大。6.I dont think itll be a holiday for me. 我认为这对于我来说将不是假期。点拨句型“I dont think宾语从句”是含有否定转移的主从复合句，意为“我认为不”。该句型的主语必须是第一人称；形式上否定主句，翻译时否定从句。I dont think its right to make such a hasty decision

37、.我认为如此仓促地作出决定是不正确的。拓展(1)该句型改为反意疑问句时，必须以宾语从句为准进行变化，而且宾语从句要视为否定句，即把主句的dont所表示的否定拉回到宾语从句中来，采取“前否后肯”的规则变化。I dont think you are right, are you?我认为你是不对的，不是吗？(2)有类似用法的动词还有believe, suppose, expect等。I dont suppose they will say sorry to her, will they?我认为他们不会对她说对不起，是吧？7.I ran after them and couldnt stop taki

38、ng photos. 我追赶他们，忍不住一直拍照。点拨(1)cant stop doing sth 意为“忍不住做某事”。类似结构有cant help doing sth，意为“情不自禁地做某事”。The mother couldnt stop crying when her son was saved.当她的儿子被救时，妈妈忍不住哭了。(2)take photos 拍照片；take a photo/photos of拍的照片。Some students are taking photos of the river.一些学生正在拍那条河流的照片【重点语法】现在完成时常见两种句型：主语have/

39、 has beenfor短语Itis一段时间since从句例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。延续性动词和终止性动词的概念：英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep,

40、live,stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open,close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。延续性动词的用法特征：1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English sin

41、ce I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如：It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each o

42、ther for more than two years.-Thats right.终止性动词的用法特征：1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three

43、years ago.正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表

44、示段时间的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in,finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。(2)将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去

45、确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。(3)用句型It is+段时间+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型时间+has passed+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：He hasnt left here since 1986.I havent heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成not+终止性动词+until/till.的句型，意为直到才。如：Y

46、ou cant leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是点时间(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是段时间(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：When we reached London, it was twelv

47、e oclock. (reach为终止性动词)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：误：How long have you come here? 正：How long have you been here?正：When did you come here?8B Unit3 知识梳理【重点词组】1. Online tours 网上旅行2. change the channel 换频道3. the remote control

48、遥控器 4. learn about places of interest around the world了解全世界的名胜5. with the help of the Internet or libraries在网络或图书馆的帮助下 6. use sth to do/ use sth. for sth. 用做 7. do word processing 做文字处理8. search for the information 搜索信息 9. send and receive emails 发送和接收电子邮件10. watch videos 看录 11. be fast and easy 快捷1

49、2. a website called “Around the World in Eight Hours”名叫“八小时环游世界”的网站13. a tour guide 导游14 at the top of 在顶部15. click on 点击16. the world-famous trade centre举世闻名的贸易中心17. at the southern end of Manhattan Island在曼哈顿岛的南端18. international banks 国际银行19. further on 再向前20. Dont miss Broadway. 不要错过百老汇。21. be f

50、amous for its theatres 以它的剧院著名22.since the early twentieth century自从20世纪早期起 23. hear of 听说 24.so much for 到此为止 25.at the bottom of 在的底部 26.tickets to different places 去不同地方的票27. fall from the sky 从天上掉下来28.start a new online tour 开始一次新的网上旅行29.another great place to visit另一个参观的好地方30.gather there to we

51、lcome the new year 聚在那里迎接新年31.on Manhattan Island 在曼哈顿岛32.write an email to sb. 给某人写电子邮件33.dream of/about 梦想，想象 dream of / about doing sth. 梦见做某事34. Have you ever dreamt of travelling the world without a passport?你曾经梦见过不带护照周游世界吗？35.realize your dream 实现你的梦想36.take an online tour 进行网上旅行37.show me an

52、online tour of the USA给我演示美国的网上旅行38.the other day 前几天39.further down 继续向下40.on the north-east coast of Australia 在澳大利亚东北海岸41.on the website 在网站上42.look like a ship with many sails 看起来像一艘有很多帆的轮船43.Australian seasons are the opposite of ours. 澳大利亚的季节和我们的是相反的。44. an online course 网上课程45. book tickets a

53、nd hotels 预定票和旅馆46. daily English 日常英语47. order meals 点菜，订餐48. use English in daily communication 在日常交际中使用英语49. an island country 一个岛国50.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国51. be made up of 由组成 52. the capital city 首都城市53. in this old European country 在这个古老的欧洲国家中54.

54、Among them is the British Museum. （倒装句）大英博物馆就在其中【重点句型】1. What do you usually use your computer for?你通常用电脑干什么？2. Have you noticed the “Tour” icon at the top of the page?你注意到这一页顶部的“Tour”键吗？3. Every year, thousands of people gather here on New Years Eve.每年新年前夜，数以千计的人们聚集在那里。4. Its exciting to see the hu

55、ge glass ball falling through the darkness!看巨大的球在黑暗中落下，真是太让人兴奋了！5. In the centre of the island is Central Park. （倒装句）岛的中心是中央广场。6. With several lakes, hills anda large green lawn, itsa good place to relaxaftera hard days work.(公园内)有几片湖泊、几座小山以及一大片草坪，是人们辛苦工作一天后放松的好地方。7.To learn about a city, just find

56、it in the menu at the top of the page and click on it.要了解一座城市，只要在这一页顶部的菜单里找到它并点击。8. Would/do you mind doing ? 你介意做吗？9. -Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour? -Of course not. 你介意给我演示如何开始这次网上旅行吗？ 当然不（介意）。10. -Thanks for your help. - My pleasure./ Its my/ a pleasure. 感谢你的帮助。不用谢，这是我乐意

57、的。【重点语法】一般过去时和现在完成时的区别一般过去时和现在完成时都可以表示过去发生的动作，但是在具体的语境中，这两种时态有明显的区别。1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态，说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或状态。e.g. Iwentto Beijing last month我上个月去北京 Tomwasin China in 2008 2008年Tom在中国2.现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成（但不一定结束）的动作或状态，强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。e.g. Ihave boughta new mobile phone 我买了一部新手机。（言下之意：我有新手机用了

58、） Ihave beento London many times 我去过伦敦很多次（言下之意：我对伦敦很熟悉）3.一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just, now等。4.现在完成时则通常和频度副词或表示一段时间的状语连用。如：already, since, for + 一段时间，so far 到目前为止，up to now 直到现在，until/till now 直到现在 in past years在过去的几年中，等。8B Unit4 知识梳理【重点短语】1. a charity show一场慈善演出2 .the host of the charity show慈善演出的主持人3.be chosen to be the monitor被选为班长4. practise a lot多加练习5. be sure确信，肯