江西省吉安市第四中学高中英语 Unit 1 Nothing venturednothing gained Grammar课件2 新人教版选修10

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1、Unit 1充当定语的有充当定语的有: 形容词、代词、名形容词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句.定语定义定语定义英语句子中修饰名词，代词或其英语句子中修饰名词，代词或其它名词化了词的句子成分叫定语。它名词化了词的句子成分叫定语。定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。之后的叫后置定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置语时则放在

2、所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语。在英语里在英语里, ,一般定语前置时的次序为一般定语前置时的次序为: :限限定词，形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定词，形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前短语之前, ,我们要注意其次序。其形容词我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为：遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材，指：限观形龄色国材，指：限定词（一般指数量）；外观（美丽限定词（一般指数量）；外观（美丽等）；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年等）；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。如：如：一一 定语前置定

3、语前置如：如：a famous American universityan interesting little red French oil paintinga new plastic bucketpurple velvet curtainsan elegant German clock1) 描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词感和性格特征的形容词例如例如:a small lovely girl , a long patient queue , a pale anxious patient ; 2) 表示颜色的形容词放在表示情感和表示颜色的形容词放

4、在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后性格特征的形容词之后例如例如:a kindly black teacher ,an inquisitive brown dog ;另外另外,有些形容词也有特殊的次序有些形容词也有特殊的次序:3) little ,old 和和young 有时可以作为有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分名词短语不可分割的一部分,所以可所以可以直接放在名词之前以直接放在名词之前,例如例如:a lovely little girl 表示性格特征的形容词可表示性格特征的形容词可以放在以放在old young 之前之前,也可放在也可放在old young 之后之后,例如例如:a young

5、 ambitious man (强调年龄强调年龄) ,an ambitious young man(强调雄心强调雄心勃勃勃勃) 。当然。当然,三个以上形容词连用三个以上形容词连用作定语作定语,就显得累赘就显得累赘,因此上面所说的因此上面所说的情况一般较少出现。情况一般较少出现。 It was a conference fruitful of results. 那是一个硕果累累的会议。那是一个硕果累累的会议。He gave me a basket full of eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。 二二 定语后置定语后置（1）短语作定语一般后置）短语作定语一般后置（

6、English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。最难教的男生都在他的班里了。 Lets go somewhere quiet. 咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。There is nothing important in todays paper. 今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。Do

7、 you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗你还有什么话要说吗?（2）修饰）修饰some，any，no，every等词构等词构 成的不定代词的定语都后置成的不定代词的定语都后置 The people here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。这里的人很友好。They lived in the room above.他他们住在楼上的房间。们住在楼上的房间。（3）副词作定语）副词作定语 He is a person dependable. 他是一个可以依靠的人他是一个可以依靠的人This is the only transportatio

8、n means available. 这是唯一可行的这是唯一可行的交通工具。交通工具。（4）动词、名词转化而来的以）动词、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible 结尾的形容词作定语结尾的形容词作定语1 Everybody involved should stay here.2 The college mentioned.（5）起强调用的单个分词）起强调用的单个分词1 Fill in the blanks with the words in the _. A. above box B. below box C. box above D. under boxC above副词作定语应后置。副词作定

9、语应后置。2 “Can you find the _”? said the policeman to the little boy. A. way back home B. home way back C. back home way D. back way homeA back副词作定语应后置。副词作定语应后置。3 There wasnt _ in the managers speech. It was boring. A. interesting anything B. something interesting C. anything of interesting D. anything

10、 of interestD 作定语用的短语作定语用的短语of interest修饰不定修饰不定代词时要后置。这个句子是否定句，代词时要后置。这个句子是否定句，因此选项因此选项B不对。不对。4 Mr Scott is one of the _ after the terrible earthquake in that village. A. alive survivors B. live survivors C. survivors alive D. living survivorsC 部分以部分以a-开头的表语形容词开头的表语形容词有时也可作定语，但须后置。有时也可作定语，但须后置。5 Yes

11、terday, a Mr Brown, _, came to visit you. A. 28-year-old B. 28 years old C. 28-years-old D. of 28 year oldB 作定语用的形容词与表示度量的短作定语用的形容词与表示度量的短语连用时要后置。但复合形容词语连用时要后置。但复合形容词28-year-old只能作前置定语。只能作前置定语。 英语里有大量的定语从句英语里有大量的定语从句,而汉而汉语里却没有定语从句的说法。英语里却没有定语从句的说法。英语中定语从句中甚至还可能包含语中定语从句中甚至还可能包含定语从句定语从句,即多重定语从句。即多重定语从

12、句。定语从句定语从句如：如： A healthy diet includes enough but not too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly. (健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但又不过健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但又不过多。这些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的多。这些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养营养)1）英语的复合句中）英语的复合句中,分句以其主句分句以其主句 为基干为基干,通过连接手段通过连接手段,一层一层一层一层 地展开地展开,

13、就好像一棵树的树干上就好像一棵树的树干上 长出大枝子长出大枝子,大枝子上再长出小大枝子上再长出小枝枝 子。汉语的分句则更多按照时间子。汉语的分句则更多按照时间 发生的顺序出现发生的顺序出现,依次展开。依次展开。 如：如： “伟大领袖和导师毛主席领导中国伟大领袖和导师毛主席领导中国共产党进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争共产党进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争,建立了新建立了新中国中国,人民得到了解放人民得到了解放,科学得到了解放。科学得到了解放。”这句话这句话,译成英语便成了译成英语便成了With the founding of new China (which was) born of arduous struggle

14、s (which were) waged by the Chinese Communist Party (which was) under the leadership of our great leader and teacher Chairman Mao , our people , and science as well , won emancipation.2）英语中的非限制性定语从句所表达）英语中的非限制性定语从句所表达的的 信息信息,在汉语里一般由另一个小句来在汉语里一般由另一个小句来 表达。表达。She asked for his help which he gladly gav

15、e. 她要求他帮忙她要求他帮忙,他愉快地帮助了她。他愉快地帮助了她。定语从句专项练习定语从句专项练习1 This is the longest train _ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. whom2 I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the farm _ you visited last week. A. when, where B. which, which C. when , which D. which , where 3 He paid the boy $10 fo

16、r washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. them C. that D. which4 Did you see the man _ ? A.I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. whom I nodded to him D. whom I nodded to just now5 Willma won three Olympic gold medals in track, _ made her mother ver

17、y happy. A. it B. that C. which D. this 6 The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 7 Is there any other reader wants to renew his book? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which1. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games_ in Beijing in 200

18、8. (2006 四四川川) A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held2. Look out! Dont get too close to the house_ roof is under repair. (2006福建）福建） A. whose B. which C. of which D. what3. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006 上上海）海） A. where B. when C. which D.

19、 what4. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. (2007 全国全国卷卷II) A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite5. It isnt socially _for parents to leave children unattended at that age. (2007 山东山东) Aaccessible Badorable Cadaptable Dacceptable 6. We shouldnt spent our money t

20、esting so many people, most of _are healthy. (2007 北京北京)A. that B. which C. what D. whom7. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007 重庆重庆) A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which8. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad(2007 上海春上海春) Athat Ball that Call what Dwhich