高中生物 第3章 生物群体的动态平衡 3.2 生态系统的结构课件 北师大版必修3

《高中生物 第3章 生物群体的动态平衡 3.2 生态系统的结构课件 北师大版必修3》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中生物 第3章 生物群体的动态平衡 3.2 生态系统的结构课件 北师大版必修3（23页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、第2节群落的相对稳定MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透

2、析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1.识别群落及其结构类型。2.区别群落演替的类型。3.应用生态位理论分析具体问题。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析

3、SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISH

4、I SHULI知识梳理一二三一、群落的结构占有一定空间的所有生物种群的集合体,称为群落。1.群落中的物种多样性(1)物种多样性:群落中的物种比较多,彼此之间关系错综复杂。物种多样性是代表群落组织水平和功能的基本特征。辛普森指数是测定群落组织水平的指标之一,辛普森指数大,表示物种多样性程度高。(2)优势种:群落中如果一个物种不仅数量多,而且生产量大,在群落结构中起主要作用,它就是该群落的优势种。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导

5、航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNA

6、N JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理一二三2.群落的垂直结构(1)特点:群落具有分层现象。(2)意义:群落的分层使单位面积上可容纳的生物数目增多,使这些生物充分利用环境条件,大大减弱它们之间的竞争,而使群落保持相对稳定。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODA

7、OHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理一二三3.群落的水平结构(1)特点:群落中各物种在水平方向上的分布具有不均匀性。群落中的生物以斑块状

8、出现,不同斑块上生物的种类、数量等都有不同。(2)意义:生物群落的不均匀性,使群落的稳定性增高。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHU

9、LI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理一二三二、生物在群落中的生态位1.生态位的概念(1)概念:生物种群在群落中的生活方式和它们在时间和空间上占有的地位,称为生态位。具有三维结构的生态位模型:(2)作用:生态位是种群赖以生存的“职业”。(3)生态位的种类:基础生态位和现实生态位。M

10、UBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYAN

11、LIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理一二三2.生态位的重叠与竞争生态位重叠越多的物种,竞争越激烈。激烈竞争的结果,可能使其中一个物种趋于灭绝。生态位重叠MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOU

12、XI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚

13、焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理一二三3.生态位的分化(1)生态位分化:生态位有重叠的物种,通过自然选择作用,生态位发生变化,从而减少或排除竞争,使它们共同生存下来,这种现象称为生态位分化。(2)生态位分化的原因:是生物对环境的长期适应以及自然选择的结果。生态位分化如上图,两个生态位有重叠的物种经过自然选择,生态位分化,重叠部分c缩小或消失,两个物种相安无事。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透

14、析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHIS

15、HI SHULI知识梳理一二三三、群落的演替1.群落的演替在一定地域内,群落随时间而变化,由一种类型转变成另一种类型的过程,称为群落的演替。2.群落演替的类型(1)初级演替:地衣阶段苔藓阶段草本植物阶段灌木阶段森林阶段。(2)次级演替:当环境条件改变或人为干扰引起原有群落一定程度的破坏后,在新的环境条件下发生的演替,称为次级演替。3.顶级群落当一个群落演替到同环境处于平衡状态的时候,演替就不再进行了。经过一系列的演替过程,最终达到平衡状态的群落,称为顶级群落。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难

16、聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI

17、TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1231.种群与群落的比较、群落与物种的关系(1)种群是指一定自然区域内的同种生物个体之和;群落是指生活在一定自然区域内的所有种群的集合,包括所有动物、植物及微生物。(2)种群内的不同个体通过种内关系(种内互助、种内斗争等)组成一个有机整体,群落则是不同种群之间通过种间关系(互利共生、竞争、寄生、捕食等)形成的有机整体。(3)种群具有种群密度、出生率和死亡率、年龄结构、性别比等特征;群落是生物种群组合成的更高层次的群体,具有种间关系、群落结构等特征。MUBIAODAOHA

18、NG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZH

19、ONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理123(4)个体、种群和群落的关系图解(5)群落与物种的关系:群落是在一定区域中各种生物种群的集合,同一群落由不同物种的个体构成,同一物种的个体以种群形式分布在不同的群落中。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODA

20、OHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演

21、练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1232.比较群落的垂直结构和水平结构 MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZH

22、ISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1233.初级演替和次级演替的比较 MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOH

23、ANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练Z

24、HONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理题型一题型二题型三【例1】 南极冰藻是以硅藻为主的一大类藻类植物,长期生长在南极海冰区-24 的环境中,其最适生长温度为2 。磷虾主要以南极冰藻为食,企鹅主要以磷虾为食。自1975年以来,磷虾种群密度急剧下降。下列叙述错误的是 ()A.南极冰藻组成了一个种群B.企鹅种群密度也会随着磷虾种群密度下降而下降C.南极冰藻、磷虾、企鹅与该海冰区的其他生物组成群落D.-22 范围内,随着温度升高南极冰藻的光合作用强度增大MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN

25、 JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标

26、导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理题型一题型二题型三解析:南极冰藻是生活在极寒地区的以硅藻为主的许多藻类植物类群,不是同一物种,所以不能称作种群,A项错误。南极存在着这样一条食物链:冰藻磷虾企鹅,所以企鹅种群密度也会随着磷虾种群密度的下降而下降,B项正确。南极区域内所有生物构成群落,南极冰藻、磷虾、企鹅与该海冰区的其他生物组成群落,C项正确。-22 范围内,随着温度升高,酶活性增强,南极冰藻的光合作用强度增大,D项正确。答案:AMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典

27、例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZH

28、ISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理题型一题型二题型三【例2】 我国西南横断山区被公认为全球生物多样性的关键地区,不同海拔区域蝶类物种多样性研究结果见下表。下列有关叙述,正确的是()MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGY

29、ANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知

30、识梳理题型一题型二题型三A.不同垂直带的植被类型差异是群落演替的结果B.不同垂直带的植被类型差异反映了群落的空间结构特征C.蝶类物种多样性与各垂直带植被类型无关D.蝶类物种多样性与各垂直带气候特征有关解析:不同垂直带的植被类型差异是光照、温度(随海拔增加而下降)等外界因素作用的结果。不同垂直带的植被类型差异只反映了群落的水平结构特征,没有反映垂直结构特征。答案:DMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例

31、透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHI

32、SHI SHULI知识梳理题型一题型二题型三【例3】 某岛屿由海底火山喷发形成,现已成为旅游胜地,岛上植被茂盛,风景优美。下列叙述不正确的是()A.该岛屿不同地段物种组成上的差异是群落水平结构的体现B.该岛屿形成后最初进行的群落演替属于次级演替C.旅游可能使岛上的群落演替按照不同于自然演替的速度进行D.该岛屿一定发生过漫长的群落演替过程解析:该岛屿由火山喷发形成,刚形成的岛屿上从来没有被植被所覆盖,所以在这个条件下进行的是初级演替。答案:BMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI S

33、HULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析S

34、UITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 51下列关于物种多样性的叙述,不正确的是()A.群落中物种多样性的程度可用辛普森指数表示B.不同群落物种多样性的程度不同C.从赤道到北极,群落的辛普森指数逐渐增大D.辛普森指数越高的群落,其结构一般越复杂解析: 从赤道到北极,物种种类逐渐减少,故群落的辛普森指数逐渐减小。答案:CMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目

35、标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONG

36、NAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 52某校园有一片草坪和一片树林,下列关于这两个群落中动物分层现象的叙述,正确的是()A.草坪和树林中的动物都具有分层现象B.草坪和树林中的动物都没有分层现象C.只有草坪和树林混杂在一起时动物才具有分层现象D.草坪中的动物没有分层现象,而树林中的动物具有分层现象解析:任何一个群落中的动物都有分层现象,因而草坪和树林中的动物也不例外,都具有分层现象。答案:AMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识

37、梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANG

38、YANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 53欧洲极品海水鱼类地中海鳎鱼,目前在威海市人工育苗成功。在威海市水产研究所有8个池塘,其中6个池塘养的是鲫鱼,另外2个池塘养的是地中海鳎鱼,那么,这8个池塘里的鱼是()A.一个群落B.一个物种C.两个种群D.八个种群解析:8个池塘里有6个池塘养鲫鱼,2个池塘养地中海鳎鱼,每个池塘中的全部鲫鱼为一个种群,每个池塘中的全部地中海鳎鱼为一个种群。鲫鱼和地中海鳎鱼不属于同一个物种。8个池塘中的鱼不能构成一个群落。答案:DMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUIT

39、ANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SH

40、ULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 54角马、牛、羊如果单独出现时,都会吃草的茎部。如果同时出现在一个区域时,就会一个吃草的茎、一个吃草的根、一个吃其他植物,这说明()A.生物的生态位发生了变化B.各种生物之间没有竞争了C.各生物的竞争更加激烈了D.生物的生态位是固定不变的解析:由取食相同的生态位重叠,到取食不同的生态位分化,这种生态位的变化有助于减弱竞争,使各种生物都生存下来。答案:AMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANL

41、I TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJI

42、AO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 55下列哪项不是自然条件下群落演替的趋势?()A.生物种类越来越多B.种间关系越来越复杂C.有些物种可能灭绝D.生物种类越来越少解析自然条件下的群落演替过程是群落内部的动态变化过程,在这个过程中,各种生物的生存条件都在发生变化,生物的生命活动也会改变环境,被改变了的环境反过来影响生物的生存,因此有些生物种类可能灭绝,但从总体趋势来看,生物种类会越来越多,种间关系也会越来越复杂。答案D