高一英语必修1Unit1语法及复习题

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1、高一英语必修1 Unit 1 FriendshipPart 1. Warming up1. 介词不同，含义有别：be good to sb./sth. 对 好 be good for sb./sth. 对 有好处be good at (doing) sth. 擅长，精通 be good with sb./sth. 善于应付 的eg. She was very good to me when I was ill.Doing morning exercises is good for health.Tim is good at speaking English.He is very good wi

2、th children. 他对孩子很有一套。2. add up 合计，把加起来 add up to 合计达到add to 增加，增添 add A to B 把加进里面，把和相加eg. Please add these figures up.These figures add up to 900.The bad weather added to our difficulities.Please add some salt to the water.Add three to four and you get seven. add vt. 补充说 （后接that从句或者直接引语）eg. He add

3、ed that they would return in a week.“And dont be late,”she added.3. point n.点，要点，观点，意义，得分 v.指着be on the point of doing sth. when.=be about to do sht. when.正要做某事，这时. There is no point (in) doing sth. 没有必要（意义）做某事4. until与not untiluntil表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到为止”，或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示延续性动作的动词连用。not

4、 until表示“到为止；直到才”，常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。 eg. He lived withhisparents until he graduatedfromcollege.The noise of the street didnt stop until midnight.5. finish sth./doing sth. 后跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语还有：admit, appreciate, avoid，consider，delay, enjoy，escape, feel like, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine，mind, miss

5、（错过）, practice, suggest, risk，cant stand（不能忍受）, cant help (忍不住），give up, put off等。 help sb.(to) do sth.There is no way to escape doing the work. 没有办法逃脱做这项工作。We shall appreciate hearingfromyou again. 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。 He put off paying the bills6. get sth. done 使某事被做 ( get做使役动词，“使、叫、让”后接复合宾语 )eg. Wh

6、en are you going to get your hair cut?I must get my homeworkfinished first before going out to play.He gothisfoot hurt while playing football. get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 eg. I will get him to do the work. get sb./sth. doing使某人或者某物开始起来eg. Let me try now. I will get thecargoing. get + n. + adj. 使 成为某种状

7、态 eg. Get everything ready. 联想：have sth. done 使某事被做have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事have sb./sth. doing 使某人或者某物持续做某事“让某人做某事”的表达方法 let /make/have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth.7. Your friend comes to school very upset.upset 此处为adj. 做主语补足语，用来补充说明主语的情况。Eg. He went to bed cold and hungry. She got married young. u

8、pset的用法：(1). adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的（多做表语）搭配：be upset about sth. 为某事烦心be upset that 心烦eg. She was really upset about losing the money.I was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.(2). vt. 使不安，使心烦(upset, upset) upset oneself about sth 为某事烦恼Eg. Dont upset yourself about it.The bad news upset the boy

9、s mother.8. ignore vt. 不理睬，忽视eg. He ignored my advice, so he failed in thisexam.Alice saw Jack coming, but ignored him.ignorance n.无知 ignorant adj. 不知道的，无知的be ignorance of/about sb./sth. 对某人/某物不知道 eg. I was ignorant(of the fact)that the boss should be so strict. 我不知道老板居然那样严格。9. calm down vt./vi. （使）

10、平静下来，（使）镇定下来eg. The excited girl quickly calmed down.He took a deep breath to calm himself down. calm adj. 平静的，镇静的，沉着的eg. Keep calm.After the storm, it became calm again. adj. calm, quiet, still, silent辨析：calm 平静的，沉着的（指无风浪或者人的心情不激动）quiet 安静的，宁静的（指没有声音，不吵闹或者心里没有烦恼，忧虑）still 静止的，不动的（指没有运动或者动作的状态）silent

11、 沉默的，不出声的（指没有声音或者不讲话）【一言辨异】When facing danger, you should keep calm; when taken photos of, you should keep still; when someone else is asleep, you should keep quiet; in class, you shouldnt keep silent about the teachers questions.10. have got to 不得不，必须 (否定：havent got to) = have to（否定：dont have to) e

12、g. I have got to go to a meeting.Have you got to go now?He hasnt got to come tomorrow.【说明】:have got to 很少用于过去时态, have to 可用于各种时态；表示一次性动作时，两者可互换，表示习惯性动作，尤其句中有always, often 等时，应用have to.11. concern （1）vt. (使)担忧，涉及，关系到eg. She concerns herself about her sons future.The news concerns your brother. concer

13、n 做动词时，更多情况下用过去分词做表语。搭配： be concerned about/for sth. 为 担心，关心，关注，挂念 be concerned with sth. 与有关，涉及 as/so far as sb. be concerned 就某人而言Eg. The family are all concerned about her safety.He was concerned with the matter.As far as I am concerned, I dont agree with you.(2) n. u/c 担心，挂念，关注，利害关系；关心的事Eg. show

14、/express/feel/have concern about/for 关心with concern 关心地At that time, one ofhisconcerns was to go to college.12. go onholiday去度假take care of = look after = care forwalk the dog 遛狗13. While walking the dog, you werecareless and it got loose(1). While walking the dog = While you were walking the dog是一个

15、由while引导的省略的时间状语从句。【点拨】 在when/while引导的时间状语从句，where引导的地点状语从句，if/unless/once引导的条件状语从句，as/as if引导的方式状语从句，though/although/even if引导的让步状语从句中，若主从句主语相同，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式，则从句的主语和be动词可以省略；或者当从句主语为it，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式，这时省略it和be动词。Eg. While reading a book, I heard a knock on the door. When taken into a warm

16、house, a piece of ice becomes smaller and smaller until in the end it disappears completely. Fill the blanks with a proper word where necessary. Once seen, it will never be forgotten. The workers justcarried out the order as told. Even if invited, I wont go to the party. Mr Green, though old, did th

17、ejobvery well. We should speak English whenever possible.请试着把以上省略的状语从句补充完整。(2). get loose 变松 (“get + adj.”构成系表结构，意为“变得”)Eg. It is getting darker and darker outside. “get + 过去分词”构成系表结构： 表示被动。Eg. get burnt被烫伤 get hurt受伤 get killed被杀 get caught被抓 表示自身发出的动作。Eg. get changed换衣服 get dressed穿衣服 get married结

18、婚 get washed洗脸 “get + v-ing” 构成系表结构：（意为“某人/某物开始做”, 表示主动）Eg. get moving/working14. You are taking your end-of-term exam. 你就要参加期末考试了。现在进行时有时也用来表示按计划安排即将发生的动作,常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。Eg. We are going to Mexico next Sunday.He is leaving for Shanghai. 一般现在时也可用来表示即将发生的动作，但常指按时刻表要发生的事情。Eg. The train leaves Lond

19、on at six.15. cheat vi. 作弊，欺诈eg. cheat in/on an exam 考试作弊 cheat vt. 欺骗，骗取cheat sb.(out) of sth. 骗取某人某物cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事eg. They are cheating her out of money.He cheated her into buying the fake diamond. 他骗她买了那颗假钻石。16. should have done = ought to have done表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上没有做”，含有责备的意味。E

20、g. You should have come here five minutes ago.The plant is dead. I should have given it more water. shouldnt have done = oughtnt to have done表示“过去本来不应该做某事而实际上做了”。Eg. They shouldnt have left without saying goodbye.You shouldnt have made such foolish mistakes.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehen

21、ding1. make a list of = list v. 列表，列单子eg. They made a list of candidates （候选人）after discussion.make用法： make+宾语+宾语补足语（1）“make宾语n.” 意为“使、让某人 / 某物(成为)”。如：We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。（2）“make宾语adj.” 意为 “使某人 / 某事(变得)”。如：The news that our team had won made us very happy.当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。如：I ma

22、de it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件，人人都要准时。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。（3）“make宾语do sth.（不带to的不定式）”意为 “使某人做某事”。如:Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。在被动语态中，此类结构中省略的动词不定式 to 要还原。如：The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.

23、 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。相关链接：have, make, let等使役动词和see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe 等感官动词都可接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后可带to,也可不带to。如：Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。Did you see him go out? 你看见他出去了吗？I often help my mother (to) do some housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做些家务。（4）“make宾语-ed（过去分词作宾补）”

24、这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作，表示被动的意思，意为 “使某人 / 某事被”。如：The strange noise made us frightened. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。友情提示：通常情况下，make后的宾语是反身代词时，作宾补的动词要用过去分词，即：make oneselfV-ed （heard, known, understood）。如：He couldnt make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音

25、提高到让别人听到。但有时，根据句子意思也可用其他形式。如：The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller. 那个小孩儿站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。（ 5）“make+宾语+V-ing（现在分词）”这一结构表示的意思是“使某人 / 某事一直在”。现在分词与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。如：He makes the boy standing all the time. 他让那个男孩一直站着。常接V-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, fi

26、nd等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, make等使役动词。现在分词作宾补和不带 to 的不定式作宾补的区别是：现在分词一般表示动作正在进行，而不带 to 的不定式则一般表示动作已经完成。如：I saw him putting his hand into his pocket. (动作正在进行)I saw him put his hand into his pocket. (动作已经完成)2. go through 经历，经受 All of them have gone through the war. 通过，穿过 Thisroad

27、goes through the forest. 仔细检查，搜查 The police went through the building, hoping to catch the thief. 做完，完成 go through (with) sth. eg. go through (with) the work 用光，花掉 I have gone through all the envelopes (信封)I bought last week.3. hide away vi. 躲藏起来eg. The thief hid away in a friends house for several

28、weeks after the robbery(抢劫). vt. 把 隐藏起来 eg. Why do you hide your thoughts awayfromme?4. 总结conj. before 的用法: 在之前 Youd better think it over before you make a decision. 之后才 We walked for nearly three hours before we arrived at the village. 这时，常用句型为：It will (not) be + 时间段 + before从句（从句用一般现在时态）It was (no

29、t) + 时间段 + before从句（从句用一般过去时态）肯定形式译为“之后才”；否定形式译为“没过多长时间就”Eg. It will be ten years before we meet again.It wasnt long before he told me about it. 还未来得及就，不等就 He rushed out of the room before I could say a word. 趁着还没有就 I must write it down before I forget it.5. set down vt. 记下，写下，登记；放下；让某人下车eg. You don

30、t have to set down all that your teacher said.Please set yourself down. 请登记。Set down the heavy bags and take a rest.Please set me down at the next corner.6. a series of (+ 复数名词) 一连串，一系列，一套 eg. a series of questions/books/pictures series n. 单复数相同，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于series的单复数。 Eg. There has been a serie

31、s ofcaraccidents at the crossing.Three series of papers are handed out to the students.7.I dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水帐Part 1. Warming up1、 prefer 宁愿；更喜欢 用法：(1) prefer + n. / pron. The boy preferred a detective story.(2) prefer + v. -ing Do you pre

32、fer living abroad?(3) prefer + to do She prefers to live among the working people.(4) prefer sb. to do sth. She preferred him to stay at home.(5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢而不喜欢I prefer the town to the country.While he was in the office he preferred doing something to do

33、ing nothing.(6) prefer to do.rather than do = would rather do . than do. 宁愿而不愿I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.(7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略)She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.2. Imagine that you plan to spend a holiday.imagine的用法构词： imagination n. C / U 想像，想像力，

34、想像的事物 imaginative adj. 富有想像力的搭配： imagine sth / doing sthYou can imagine the situation there.I cant imagin (my) marrying a girl of that sort.【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed答案与解析 C imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词

35、的逻辑主语。Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great biketrip. 从高中起，我姐姐王维和我就一直梦想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。(1)ever sinde从那以后It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)自从至今已经多久了。eg: Its five years since I left there. 我离开那里有五年了。注意

36、：在Its +一段时间+since从句，如果since 从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，那么，它所表示的时间是从那个动作结束时起算，意为不做。多久了。eg: Its five years since he smoked. 他戒烟五年了。(2) dream about/of 梦见，梦想2、(1)、说服; 劝服;sb 说服某人persuade sb. (not) to do sth.sb. into / out of doing sth.eg：I persuaded him to do it. =I persuaded him into doing it.（2）、使相信，使信服persuade sb

37、of sth 使某人信服某事persuade sb that 使某人相信eg：He has persuaded me of its truth.I am persuaded that such is the fact.persuasive adj. 有说服力的 persuasion n. 说服，信服【注意】如果劝说不服, 不能直接用persuade, 而应用try to persuade sb to do或advise sbto do.1. I _ him not to smoke, but he didnt think it necessary.A.persuaded B. advised

38、C. hoped D. suggested2. I was able at last to _ my mother to follow my advice.A.suggest B. advise C. persuade D. leave off3. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont reallyneed.A.to persuade B. persuading C. being persuade D. be persuaded3. Wang Wei soon got them

39、interested in cycling too. (复习get用法，详见Unit1知识点详解）4. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where itbegins to where it ends. 首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。（复习强调句，详见Unit1知识点详解）5she didnt know the best way of getting get to places, she the trip properly.(1)、altho

40、ugh, though引导让步状语从句不能再和but, and, however连用, 但可以和副词yet, still连用。although从句多放在句首, though从句可在主句前，中，后任何位置，而且though可以作副词用于句末，作 但是，不过讲，而although无此用法。Although/Though it was raining, (yet) they still worked in the fields.He said he would come; he didnt come though.【随堂练习】_ he has limited technical knowledge,

41、 the old worker has a lot of experience.A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although（2）、insist v.坚持认为，坚持主张 on/upon (ones) doing sth 坚持做,坚决做that +从句坚持一种说法、看法或事实, 后接的从句用陈述语气,按insist 需要选择时态that sb (should) do sth 坚决主张做某事, 后接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,即 should +v.eg：I insisted on/upon his coming with us.He insisted that he ha

42、dnt stolen the girls handbag.Mary was ill. Her parents insisted that she (should) see a doctor.【随堂练习】The doctor insisted that I a high fever and that I a rest for a few days.A. had; had B. have; have C. had; have D. have; hadThe man insisted a taxi for me even if/though I told him I lived nearby.A.

43、find B. to find C. on finding D. in findingI insisted that a doctor _ immediately.A has been sent for B. sent for C. will be sent for D. be sent forThe doctor insisted that I a high fever and that I a rest for a few days.A.had;had B.have;have C.had;have D.have;hadThe man insisted a taxi for me even

44、if/though I told him I lived nearby.A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding6、 My sister doesntcare vi.关心；介意 n.关心；照顾care about (to be worried about/concerned with)忧虑；担心；惦念care for(=like，love)喜欢; 照料；照顾（=take care of=look after)take care 小心；提防派生：careful adj.细心的 carefully adv.细心地 carefulness n.细心 car

45、elessly adv. 粗心地 carelessness n.粗心 careless adj.粗心的 The only thing he cares _ is money. I dont really care _ red wine.Who will take care _ your baby if you are out? Many accidents are caused by _ (care) driving. They studied the question _ (care) before they made the decision.7、the kind that she wou

46、ldnt change her mind.（1）、determine v. 决定, 下定决心, 确定 determine to do sth. =make up ones mind to do sth. 下定决心eg：He determined to learn French. be determined to do sth. 决心做eg：She was determined to go to university.（2）、change ones mind 改变某人的主意eg：No matter what you say, I wont change my mind.determination

47、 n. 决心，毅力 determined adj. 坚毅的，下决心的8. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5000 meters, sheseemed to be excited about it. 当我告诉她我们将在海拔5000米处开始旅程, 她好像对此很兴奋。本句中的seem后面跟了不定式结构，意 为 看起来好像 。(1)seem常常和不定式，形容词，分词，名词和介词短语搭配。如:1)seem+不定式（短语）I seemed to hear a voice in the dis

48、tance. I seem to have caught a cold .seem后不定式的否定式习惯上用 dont 来代替，（放在seem 前），如：You dont seem to be quite yourself today2).seem +形容词She seems quite happy today.=She seems to be quite happy today.3)Seem+分词The news seems exciting. They seems interested in the film.4)、seem+名词She seems a clever girl. It see

49、med a long time before my turn came.5).seem+介词短语 They seemed in high spirits.(2)seem常用于it作形式主语的It seems/seemed that结构，如：It seems that you were lying.It seems impossible that he will be here tomorrow.(3).seem常用于由as if/though引导的从句中，如：It seems as if it is going to rain. It seems as if he knew nothing a

50、bout that.注在这种句式中，如从句所叙述的情实现的可能性比较大，从句谓语用陈述语气 若实现的可能性较小，或根本不可能实现，从句的谓语则用虚拟语气。(4).seems也常用在there seem(s) to be句式中，用来代替be，作句子的谓语。如： There seems to be no point in refusing.There seemed to be something the matter with him.at an altitude of = at a height of 在海拔米处e.g. The plane is flying at a height / alt

51、itude of 10,000 feet.注意:at 在此处表 在处/时, 以后接年龄, 速度, 长宽深高, 价格, 费用等 在岁时at the age of 以.的价格at a high / low price在.深度宽度处at a depth/width of 在距离处at a distance of9、and it would be very cold主语 + be + adj.+ to do sth. 是一常用句式即不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。不定式和主语之间是动宾关系，应使用及物动词的主动形式，若是不及物动词，要加相应的介词。 常用的形容词有：easy, difficult, ha

52、rd, interesting, pleasant, nice ,dangeroues, important等； 该句型可以转换成It + be + adj + to do sth.结构eg：The problem is really hard to work out. = It is really hard to work out the problem.还有一类表示心理活动的形容词(surprised, moved, disappointed, pleased, happy, sad, delighted, sorry, interested, glad, worried, eager,

53、anxious, angry等），主动用to do, 被动用to be done, 也可接从句。We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. 我们惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。We were disappionted to be told that the match had been put off.10. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改

54、变。最后，我只好让步了。once 作为连词，作一(旦)就解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。如：Once you have begin you must continue.Once printed，the book will be very popularonce 用作副词，意为一次；从前，曾经。11、(1)、give in (to sb./sth.) 屈服于, 让步, 递交eg：He had to give in to my views. 他只好顺从了我的意见。（2）、give in (sth. to sb.) 上交eg：Please give your

55、examination papers in to the teacher.【拓展】give up 放弃, 认输 give out 筋疲力尽；分配 give away 捐赠, 泄露 give off 放出，散发（光、热、烟、气、味等）运用：用适当的介词或副词填空。（1） He gave _ to her request.（2） If you give _ smoking，you will save a lot of money every year.（3） His accent gave him _ . So I knew he was from USA.（4）Our teacher gave

56、_ to the police station what he picked up from the ground.（5） His money soon gave _ because he bought a lot of things.12、It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling western YunnanProvince.【辨析】 across，through与overacross表示从一定范围的一边到另一边或事物交叉位置,横穿, 横跨表面through 表达两边穿过或穿过空间内部over表示 越过 是指

57、越过较高的物体从一侧到另一侧She swam across the river. 她游过河去。The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西往东流过城市。The thief climbed over the wall and ran away. 小偷翻过墙逃走了。Part 3. Learning about Language1、 A determined person always tries to finish the job,no matter how hard it is.有决心的人总是努力完成工作，而不管它有多难。疑问

58、词+ever，no matter+疑问词（1）whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句，引导让步状语从句时，可以换成no matter what/which/who/whom,位置可以在主句前，也可以在主句后。Take whatever you want. 拿你想要的任何东西。We will complete the work on time, no matter what happens.=Whatever happens, we will complere the work on time.（2）wherever,wh

59、enever,however常引导让步状语从句，可以换成no mattewhere/when/how,可放在主句前或主句后。Whenever he goes abroad, he will buy presents for his younger sister.=No matter when he goes abroad, he wil by presents for his younger sister.2.except for, except, but, besides表示除了的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that /whe

60、n.等。(1) except 和 but 都表示除了之外。没有，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等不定代词后多用 but。No one knows our teachers address except / but him. (排除him)(2) besides 除之外，还，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English与other languages都属于know的范围)(3) except for 只不过，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排

61、除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.当except用于句首时，后面往往要加上for.Except for this, everything is in good order.= Everything is in good order except this.(4) except that /when.that 后接句子I know nothing of that man except that hes from Sichuan.We do morning exer

62、cises every morning except when it is raining.Part 4. Using Language1. She was reliable and I knew I didnt need to encourage her.reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的 rely vi.依靠；依赖(通常接on/upon)2. put 相关短语put up 举起；挂起，张贴；建造，搭起；（为某人）提供食宿He put up his hand to catch the teachers attention.A new notive has been put up on the board.They put up a new house here.Will you put me up for the night?put up with 忍受put away 放好，储存.备用1）. put something away: 把.收拾起来Now, put your books away. 现在，把你的书收拾好。2）. put sb. away: 把. 送进监狱（或精神医院）The doctor wanted me to ha