浅析中西方喜剧文化----以《武林外传》

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1、A Brief Analysis of Comedic Culture in China and Western Countries Perceived Through My OwnSwordman and Friends温州医学院本科毕业论文( 2010届 )论文题目A Brief Analysis of Comedic Culture in China （英文） and Western Countries Perceived Through My Own Swordsman and Friends论文题目浅析中西方喜剧文化-以武林外传（中文） 和老友记为例专业学院 仁济学院英语学号班级20

2、06（02）班0606041033作者姓名指导老师 吕基 章艳乐完稿时间 2010.04.28成绩 目录Abstractiv摘要ivOutlinev提纲vi1. Introduction12. The Chinese comedic culture12.1 The devloping course of the Chinese comedy12.2 Spirits manifested in the Chinese comedy22.3 Chinese comedic elements33. The western comedic culture33.1 The developing cour

3、se of the western comedy33.2 Spirits manifested in the western comedy43.3 Western comedic elements54. The Chinese comedic culture reflected in MyOwn Swordsman64.1 The embodiment of comedic spirits64.2 The comedic elements in MyOwnSwordsman75.The western comedic culture reflected in Friends75.1 The e

4、mbodiment of comedic spirits75.2 The comedic elements in Friends86. Comparison of the comedic culture between MyOwnSwordsman and Friends97. Conclusion11Works Cited13 A Brief Analysis of Comedic Culture in China and Western Countries perceived through MyOwnSwordsman and FriendsLV JiAbstract: This the

5、sis firstly explores the developmental course of comedies both in China and western countries and concludes the traits formed in their respective courses. On the basis of two popular sitcoms MyOwnSwordsman and Friends , the author then tries to research and compare the comedic culture between China

6、and western countries. Key words: comedic culture;Chinese and western comedies; MyOwnSwordsman; Friends浅析中西方喜剧文化-以武林外传和老友记为例吕基摘要：本文首先探讨了中西方喜剧文化的发展过程和各自所形成的特点, 并基于武林外传和老友记两个颇受欢迎的喜剧对中西方喜剧文化进行研究、比较。关键词：喜剧文化；中西方喜剧; 武林外传；老友记A Brief Analysis of Comedic Culture in China and Western Countries Perceived thro

7、ugh MyOwnSwordsman and Friends Outline1. Introduction2. The Chinese comedic culture2.1 The devloping course of the Chinese comedy2.2 Spirits manifested in the Chinese comedy2.3 Chinese comedic elements3. The western comedic culture3.1 The developing course of the western comedy3.2 Spirits manifested

8、 in the western comedy3.3 Western comedic elements4. The Chinese comedic culture reflected in MyOwnSwordsman4.1 The embodiment of comedic spirits4.2 The comedic elements in MyOwnSwordsman5. The western comedic culture reflected in Friends5.1 The embodiment of comedic spirits5.2 The comedic elements

9、in Friends6. Comparison of the comedic culture between MyOwnSwordsman and Friends7. Conclusion浅析中西方喜剧文化-以武林外传和老友记为例提纲1. 引言2. 中国喜剧文化2.1中国喜剧的发展历程2.2中国喜剧精神2.3中国喜剧元素3. 西方喜剧文化3.1西方喜剧的发展历程3.2西方喜剧精神3.3西方喜剧元素4. 中国喜剧文化在武林外传的映射4.1武林外传中的喜剧精神 4.2武林外传中的喜剧元素5. 西方喜剧文化在老友记的映射5.1老友记中的喜剧精神5.2老友记中的喜剧元素6. 对武林外传和老友记中喜剧元

10、素的比较7. 结论13A Brief Analysis of Comedic Culture in China and Western Countries perceived through MyOwnSwordsman and Friends RS 2006(02) (English) LV JiTutor: 1. IntroductionThoughts, behaviors, customs and other activities made by human beings all belong to cultures. As a form of art, the comedy has

11、become a kind of culture with hundreds of years of development. Both Chinese and western comedies have stored up boundless spiritual wealth under their different social backgrounds. MyOwnSwordsman and Friends are two popular situation comedies which contain many comic spirits and elements formed in

12、their respective courses. To explore the comedic culture in them could be a new way of study. With the information we found and materials we collected, it is worthy of researching the comedic culture in China and western countries further.2. The Chinese comedic culture2.1 The devloping course of the

13、 Chinese comedy China, our nation, one of the four ancient civilized countries, maintains a long and deep history of comedic culture. Although it got mature during Song and Jin dynasty, its filiation could be traced back to Qin dynasty. At that time, the primal comedians were called Pai You , also t

14、he earliest actors performing something funny in palace in order to amuse the King. Before Tang dynasty, people had opened their eyes looking for comedic elements and effect of art. In Tang dynasty, the Canjunxi Drama was regarded as the rudiment of comedy. Usually it used jokes and teased each othe

15、r for the sake of pleasing audiences. Then a group of comedic elements syncretized in SongZaJu, which was popular in Song dynasty. Harlequinades, songs and dances, together with kind of acrobatics were the central elements in SongZaJu. According to the historical material, the Chinese comedy develop

16、ed fully in Yuan Dynasty. We could find a lot of intact comedic productions as well as segments containing comedic effects. At the same time, there are three kinds of classical comedies: the satirical comedy, the musical comedy and the humor comedy. When it came to Min and Qing dynasty, the comedy s

17、tepped further. There were not only a lot of comedic productions springing up, but also a large number of comedists renouncing the world splendidly. During the period of New China, comedic movies first entered peoples eyesights. We were familiar with the series of San Mao and others about pipsqueaks

18、. Another form we know was comedic teleplay which was usually based on performance without voice. The representative figure was ChenPeisi. After 90s, the whole comedy market belonged to ZhouXingchi, a man from HongKong. Zhou and its WULITOU, the new kind of comedic style was widely accepted by peopl

19、e. Countless persons regarded him as an idol. We can say he had brouht Chinese modern comedy into a new age. While Zhous movies caught peoples heart, the situation comedy appeared in mainland:YinDas productions turned the Chinese comedy a new leaf, while ZhaoBenshans comic skits were also a great pa

20、rt in China. He was one of few persons who could show humor in their unique ways as well as influencing a lot of Chinese people.In general, the Chinese comedy from classical to modern, has developed a lot and become a comedic culture.2.2 Spirits manifested in the Chinese comedyWe define culture as t

21、he production formed by humans activities in a long time and then be accepted by people. As a kind of culture, the comedy must have its own significance to human beings. That is comic spirits, also the soul of comedy. Whether the comic spirits are outstanding or not is the highest standard to judge

22、a successful exoterica. Experts have researched and concluded four comic spirits: ironically critical spirit, the spirit of optimistic self-confidence, the spirit of rational detachment and Free Carnival Spirit. The former two are especially obvious through hundreds of years of the development.Ironi

23、cally critical spirit is the most prominent characteristic of comedy as an art. In Qin dynasty, as we have metioned above, the earliest comedian called PaiYou, satirized the ministers or even about the emperors carryings-on during their ridiculous and funny performances. Up to now, we could always f

24、ind the person dare to admonish courts in order to save the people who were in deep distress. Until modern times, although the situation is different, some persons with lofty ideals like ChenBaichen still try to disclose the social actuality such as corruption and contagion. They satirize the bureau

25、cracy deeply and give the hope of survival to humans in their ways.We know satirical comedies and humor comedies are two main styles of traditional comedy. If we regard the former as representing ironically critical spirit, the latter must be showing the spirit of optimistic self-confidence. Susan L

26、anger, an American esthetician said rhythms filled with vital force produce the enjoyment of comedy. The spirit of optimistic self-confidence is just like a solatia of mind. It brought humans easy, lucidity, optimism, self-confidence and go-aheadism. That is very important. Our nation needs this kin

27、d of spirit at the same time.2.3 Chinese comedic elementsWhat is comedic elements? By extension, all the parts and stuff in a comedy can be regarded as comedic elements. Besides various forms, significances, figures, situations, even a special purpose in a comedy can be regarded as a kind of element

28、. But here we talk about the comic elements in a narrow sense, which are proper and affinitive. And theyve advanced with times and taken different shapes such as fun, satire, wittiness, humor, fantasy, etc.In China, fun is the earliest element, as it is the case in PaiYou performance dating back to

29、Qin dynasty. When we look back upon their actions, the direct impression must be funny.In my opinion, in Chinese history, the satire is the most vital and significant element in the comic domain. During 1920s and 1930s, China moved difficultly under the national crisis and class contradictions. Ther

30、efore, the satire comedy then switched their efforts into politics. The most obvious trait of satire was plainspoken, it played a key effect to reveal the society and awaken the people asleep. Another element we should metion is humor. What is humor? I suppose humor is funny plus wittiness. It makes

31、 profitable use of indirect ways to make people laugh. And this kind of laugh lasts for a longer time than buffoonary. Unfortunately, China is lack of humor. I dont know what kills Chinese humor. We can seldom find humorous comedies in the development of comedy in China. May be LuXun saying could te

32、ll us: humor is not produced by China: Chinese people are not good at humor and it is not the time to show humor. Nevertheless, he made such a comment in 30s while Chinese people needed to face the reality. After 90s, ZhouXingchis WULITOU style influenced a whole generation. We can regard WULITOU as

33、 a kind of fantasy and its exaggeration, lack of logic could always bring a fresh manifestation. Besides, another word might describe such kind of comic element, and it is: innovative.3. The western comedic culture3.1 The developing course of the western comedyThe situation was quite different in th

34、e western comedic culture.The earliest comedy originated in ancient Greece. At that time, the whole Greece was suffering from the huge pressure and pains from the nature and society, bringing about the esthetic tendency of pessimism. Although the earliest comedy started in ancient Greece, the traged

35、y was more important than the comedy in ancient Greece under the pessimistic atmosphere. Before long, they realized that they should balance this kind of social esthetic tendency which might harm the development of human culture. People began to change something unhappy, contradictory or frustrating

36、. On the other hand, they began to combine their own comedies with .PaiYou in China, which provided them more freedom to express their mind as well as to attack political affairs.Aristophanes, named as the father of comedy , was the most great comedist in antient Greece. He wrote 44 comedies, among

37、which 11 were coming down. He was good at handling the simple talkings among ordinary people,with the employment of humor, exaggeration, eutrapelia. At one time, his satirization comedy brought a new spirit in human society, which led people to care about the environment they were in as well as evok

38、ed peoples aspiration. Oscar Wildes outstanding comedies broke the silence of the British stage in the 19th century, bringing up a British theatrical revival and making his greatest contribution to British literature. Although Wilde was a well-known aesthetic theorist, his comedies were not his prac

39、tice of his aesthetic notion. In the history of western comedy, William Shakespeare was the most vital person who represented an age. Not only his tragedies but also the comedies were the spiritual wealth to human beings. Like the four tragedies, his four comedies The Merchant of venice,A Midsummer

40、Nights Dream, As You Like It, Twelfth night had the same values and influences.When it comes to modern age, Chaplin,as an actor, director and producer from Britain, has laid a strong foundation for the modern comedy. His image wearing a bowler hat and grande toilette almost became the important repr

41、esentative in comedy. As a master of comedy during the transition from silent film to the film of today, we are hard to assess how much spiritual Values Chaplin gave us. After him, a lot of comedians imitated Chaplins performance. The most successful one might be Rowan Atkinson. He was famous for hi

42、s production Mr Bean. In America, Hollywood movies impacted the whole world, therein, comdies were part and parcel. The series films Home Alone, Forrest Gump, Million Dollar Baby were several popular and impactive comdies.In 1947, the first situation comedy was produced, and then this kind of comedy

43、 was widely accepted by people all over the world. From Growing Pains, the first sitcom into China to the most impactive and great work Friends, we can see American sitcoms are well enough.3.2 Spirits manifested in the western comedyAs is metioned above, there are four kinds of comedic spirits: Iron

44、ically critical spirit, the spirit of optimistic self-confidence, the spirit of rational detachment and Free Carnival Spirit. If we say China only has the former two, the western comedies would contain all of the spirits via their developments. Because we know western countries are quite democratic,

45、 where everyone can express his dissatisfied feelings and advices, and they even could play jokes on their presidents. So the ironically critical spirit in western countries are very strong. It is the same with the spirit of optimistic self-confidence. There is an intersting research: A man who came

46、 to a street, played a practical joke on the passersby. Everyone felt scared at first but immediately revealed smile. Someone said, if a nationality could still play jokes, it will not be defeated. That means the spirit of optimism is really important. Western countries also have the spirit of ratio

47、nal detachment. Under the high pressure, optimism is not enough, and one should adjust himself and catch the rational detachment. Transcendentalism which is brought by Thoreau claim that people can surpass feelings and recognize truth directly. The last one is Free Carnival Spirit. Recent years we u

48、sually hear the word Carnival, which can refer to a party or a big paradise. People who attend it might reach the zenith of spirit. As they are free, they could just get involved for fun. That is what Free Carnival Spirits function.3.3 Western comedic elementsJust as the Chinese comedy does, the wes

49、tern comedies are also blessed with funny, satire, wittiness, humor, fantasy. Here I just confine my discussion to humor and art performance. Westerns can be regarded as a teacher of us in terms of humor. China is lack of humor and many scholars have realized and told people that we should pursue th

50、e real humor. Throughout westerns humor, we could find that humor not only make people laugh but also contains profound meanings. Westerns have created various forms of humor in their development of comedy, with wisdom and kindness as the main keys. What is art performance? In general, an artist use

51、s his body to reach a communication with human and evironment through their performances. At first, it was not a element of comedy until Chaplins appearance. I suppose he was the person who added performance art into the comedy as a special element which could have a great effect on the improvement

52、of western comedies. Mr Bean is another successful one who played his roles so thoroughly that most of them got hit off. This kind of element is without any employment of verbal language, but they could let people know what they are doing and make them laugh from the bottom of their hearts. 4. The C

53、hinese comedic culture reflected in MyOwn Swordsman4.1 The embodiment of comedic spiritsAs a genre of comedy, the situation comedy has developed to a high level in western countries. As an introduced form of art, China takes references from western situation comedies. With the practice and modificat

54、ion, the Chinese situation comedy gradually grows characteristics of its own. YinDas productions have seen better days. But after 2000, Chinese sitcoms sank to a low ebb until My Own Swordsman emerged. As the first Chinese-specific situation comedy based on net literature, My Own Swordsman, with a g

55、roup of people who has clear-cut individuality experiencing interesting lives in a tavern in Min Dynasty, has won great popularity among the audience since its debut. Its special style of post-modernist might be one of reason why it has become so popular. With the reflection of thoughts and actions,

56、 it has surpassed the reality. From a different angle, the composer has modeled many figures and stories to express what is my own swordsman. If you have watched this sitcom, you can easily find there are two comic spirits we have metioned above. Ironically critical spirit and the spirit of optimist

57、ic self-confidence.In My Own Swordsman, there are several episodes enclosed in some televison programs which are inveracious, boring, even making people irritable.In one episode, in order to help two poultry-breeders, they held a match called rooster fighting. Everyone should buy a rooster if you wa

58、nt to participate. But rules were alogical and at last the winner belongs to themselves. To comfort the sponsors who contributed to their match, they awarded prizes to each one. Such kind of ridiculous match remind us so many lousy variety show or select-elite matches nowadays. Another match was car

59、ried out between Guo Furong and Zhu Wushuang. Their content of competition were washing the floor and clothes. The whole process was imitating the variety show I guess which is famous in TaiWan. The show was dull and childish in itself. And during each parts of the match, advertisements were filled

60、in. We may laugh at first time, but before long it evokes our thoughts. Faced with the problems existing in our daily lives, the two examples exposed how awful the tamasha is in our society. Being blinded by greedness, unfairness, and manufactured in a rough and slipshod way, this kind of ironically

61、 critical spirit is really needed for it can express what we want to say.And then the spirit of optimistic self-confidence is distinct . If you are familiar with this play, you may know all the roles have their character traits and everyone suffer from specific experiences. For example, shopkeeper T

62、ong becomes a widow before she legally get married. Scholar Lv fails exams every time and sells ancestral estate at last. Bai Zhantang leads a hard life because he robs the rich and helps the poor when he is young. Naturally, they seem to be lamentable enough. But it is just the other way. Their act

63、ions and thoughts never been dismal. They trust themselves and try to fight against the destiny. They keep optimistic mind-set and live happily. It touch us a lot after they bring us happy laughters and cheerful voices.If you appreciate the sitcom carefully, you may realize that it is a work which e

64、ncourages people a lot. Usually people are not satisfied with their current situations and complaines everyday. In one episode, everyone in the tavern complained how awful they were and imagined that if they had chosen another road, they must be standing out among their fellows. Then the frame cut over to another scene. All the imagination becam