汽车专业相关词汇中英对照

《汽车专业相关词汇中英对照》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《汽车专业相关词汇中英对照（56页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、汽车专业相关词汇中英对照离合器轴前轴承 clutch opilot bearing分离叉 withdrawal fork分离叉球头支座 operating fork bal -end分离推杆调整螺钉 release rod adjusting screw分离叉回位弹簧 operatign fork retrun spring踏板回位弹簧 clutch pedal retrun spring离合器分离拉索 clutch release cable离合器液压式操纵机构 clutch operaton (hydraulic)离合器操纵机构主缸 clutch release master cylind

2、er储液罐 fluid reservoir主缸活塞 master cylinder piston主缸推杆 master cylinder push rod工作缸推杆 slave cylinder push rod工作缸活塞 slave cylinder piston工作缸 clutch release slave cylinder液压系统放气塞 hydraulic system bleeding plug油管 pipe联接软管 hose踏板支座 clutch pedal mounting bracket分离杆铰销 operating lever articulation工作缸活塞回位弹簧 sl

3、ave cylinder piston return spirng主缸活塞回位弹簧 master cylinder piston return spring离合器打滑 cltuch slipping滑磨功 work of slipping接合平顺性 smoothness of pick-up (engagement)分离的彻底性 cleanliness of disengagemet离合器后备系数 reserve coefficient of clutch离合器的微处理机控制 microprocessor controlled clutch变速器 transmission (gearbox)机

4、械式变速器 mechanical transmission固定轴式变速器 fixed shaft transmission中间轴变速器 countershaft transmission双中间轴变速器 twin countershaft transmission多中间轴变速器 multi-countershaft transmission两轴式变速器 twin-shaft transmission行星齿轮式变速器 planetary transmission滑动齿轮变速器 sliding gear trnasmission全直齿常啮式变速器 fully constant mesh all sp

5、ur gear transmission全斜齿常啮式变速器 fully constant mesh all helical gear transmission全齿套变速器 all dog clutch transmission多级变速器 multi-speed transmission无级变速器 non-stage transmission同步器式变速器 synchromesh transmission直接档变速器 direct drive transmission超速档变速器 over drive transmision手动换档变速器 manually shifted transmissio

6、n直接操纵变速器 direct control transmissionm远距离操纵变速器 remote control trnasmission动力助力换档变速器 power assisted shift transmission自动换档机械式变速器 automatic mechanical tranmission半自动换档机械式变速器 semi-automatic mechanical transmission插入式多档变速器 interttype multi-speed tranmission分段式多档变速器 sectional type multi-speed tranmisssion

7、组合式变速器 combinatory transmission主变速器 basic trnasmission副变速器 splitter带主减速器的变速器 final driving transmission液力变速器 hydraudynamic transmission自动液力变速器 automatic transmission半自动液力变速器 semiautomatic transmission人工换档液力变速器 manually shifted transmission分流式液力变速器 split torque drive tranmisson定轴式液力变速器 countershaft t

8、ransmission行星式液力变速器 planetary trnamission电子同步变速装置 electronically synchronized transmission assembly滑动齿轮传动 sliding -gear transmission常啮合齿轮传动 constant mesh transmission啮合套 shift sleeve (engagement sleeve)液力传动 hydraudynamic drive液力传动装置 dydraudynamic drive unit液力偶合器 fluid coupling液力变矩器 torque converter综

9、合式液力变矩器 torque converter-coupling锁止式液力变矩器 lock-up torque converter变容式液力变矩器 variable capacity converter同步器 synchronizer常压式同步器 constant pressure synchronizer惯性式同步器 inertial type of synchronizer自动增力式同步器 self-servo sysnchronizer双涡轮液力变矩器 double-turbine torque converter双泵轮液力变矩器 double-impeller torque conv

10、erter导轮可反转的变矩器 torque converter with revereal reacto分动箱（分动器） transfer case辅助变速器 auxiliary gear box取力器（动力输出机构） power take-off传动轴减速器 dirveline retarder液力减速器 hydraulic retarder单向离合器 one-way clutch锁止离合器 lock-up clutch叶轮 member泵轮 impeller涡轮 turbine导轮 reactro转子 rotor定子 stator级 stage相 phase叶片 blade转动叶片 var

11、iable blade循环圆 trus section速度三角形 triangle of velocities外环 shell内环 core设计流线 design path边斜角（进出口） bias(entrance and exit)包角 scroll叶片骨线 mean camberline叶片角 blade angle阻流板 step,reflectro,baffle速度环量 circulation (circulation of stream)液流角 flow angle滑差 slip速比 speed ratio变矩比 torque ratio能容系数 capacity factor零速

12、转速 stall speed空转转速 racing speed变矩范围 torque conversion range偶合范围 coupling range偶合点 coupling point锥形渐开线齿轮 conical involute gear变速齿轮 transmission gear分动齿轮（分动机构） transfer gear变速齿轮组 change gear set滑动齿轮 sliding gear常啮齿轮 constant mesh gear倒档中间齿轮 reverse idler gear行星齿轮机构 planetary gears行星齿轮 planet gear行星架 p

13、lanet carrier太阳齿轮 sun gear内齿轮 internal or king gear外侧行星齿轮 outer planet gear内侧行星齿轮 inner planet geear长行星齿轮 long planet gear短行星齿轮 shor planet gear双联行星齿轮 compound planet gear中间齿轮 intermediate gear(counter gear)副轴齿轮 counter shaft gear副轴 counter shaft变速器输入轴 transmission imput shaft变速器输出轴 transmission out

14、put shaft变速器主动齿轮轴 transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴 transmission main shaft变速器中间轴 transmission countershaft变速器轴的刚度 rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比（变速比） transmission gear ratio传动比 gear ratio主压力 line pressure调制压力 modulated pressure真空调制压力 vacuum modulator pressure速控压力 governor pressure缓冲压力 compensator or trimm

15、er pressure模拟手 antificial hand吸收钳 absorbing clamp模拟灯 dummy lamp带状线 stripline平衡-不平衡转化器 balun在试设备 device under test(DUT)转鼓试验台 roler bench转台 truntable测功机 dynamometer升降台 lifting device for lifting废气排气系统 exhaust emission suction system消防系统 fire extinguishing system可视通话系统 video and intercom system声学和噪声 ac

16、oustic and noise声学 acoustics声学工程 acoustical engineering声波 acoustic wave声容 acoustic capacitance声频 acoustical frequency声阻 acoustical resistance声级 acoustical level声谱 acoustic spectrum声抗 acoustical reactance声阻抗 acoustic impedance声质量 acoustical mass声反馈 acoustic feed back声功率 acoustical power声效率 acoustical

17、 efficiency传声性 acoustical conductivity声藕合 acoustical coupling声学分析 acoustical analysis声源 source of sound声场 sound field声压 sound pressure声蟠 sound coil声速 sound velocity共鸣 resonance响度 loudness回声 echo噪声 noise汽车噪声 automobile noise噪声控制 noise control分贝 decibel(dB)声强与声强级 sound intensity and sound intensity le

18、vel声压与声压级 sound pressure and pressure level of sound响度级与等响曲线 soundness level and equal -loundness contours声级 sound level噪声测量系统 measurement system of noise声功率与声功率级 sound power and power level汽车噪声测量方法 measurement method of vehicle noise声学仪器 acoustical instrument声强计、比声计 acoustimeter声幅射器 acoustical radi

19、ator共鸣器 acoustic resonator滤声器 acoustical filter检声器 sound detector噪声计 noise meter精密声级计 precision sound level meter电平记录仪 level recorder频谱分析仪 frequency spectrum analyzerFFT快速傅里叶变换）分析仪 fft analyzer机械阻抗分析系统 mechanical impedance analysis system跟踪滤波器 tracking filter功率谱分析仪 power spectral density analyzer概率密

20、度分析仪 probability density analyzer自相关仪 autocorrelaton function analyzer消声器（噪声衰减装置） sound attenuatin噪音消声器（隔音材料） silencer(sound deadener)清洁度 cleanliness毛坯清洁度 rough cleanliness零件清洁度 parts cleanliness快速不解体清洁度 rapid undisassembly cleanliness解体清洁度 disassembly cleanliness装配清洁度 assembly cleanliness重量法 weight

21、ing method光电比色法 photoelectric colorimetry method离心法 centrifuagl method色度比较法 patch test method滤膜 filtrer membrance恒重 standing weight清洗液 leaner混浊液 dirty soulution过滤 filtration微粒 particle粒度 paritcle size孔隙度 void ratio全液过滤 whole solution through filtering抽样过滤 sample filtering滤膜气泡点压力 pressure of air bulb

22、 in film滤膜孔隙率 void ratio of film滤膜萃取率 percentage of film taken off环境 environment清洁度检测室 cleanliness measurement room局部洁净区 clean work area准备室 preparatory room将尘量 quantity of fallen dust抽样基数 sampling basic number取样部位 sampling location清洁度限值 cleanliness limit重量分析法 analysis by weight method滤膜显微镜分析法 micros

23、copic method磨料试验法 grit test method重复性 repeatability再现性 reproducibility传动系 drive line(transmission ,power train)机械传动 mechanical transmission无级传动 stepless transmission (continuously variable transmission )液力传动 hydrodynamic drive液力机械传动 hydromechanical transmission液压分流传动 hydrostatic differenctial tranmi

24、ssion液压蓄能传动 hydrostatic stored energy transmission ssytem飞轮蓄能传动系 flywheel stored energy transmission system电传动 electrical transmission电动轮 eelctric wheel链传动 chain-driving双发动机并联传动 dual engine drive传动系的扭转振动 torsional vibrations of transmission齿轮噪声 gear noiose传动系的噪声 transmission noise (driveline noise,

25、power tranin noise)离合器 clutch类型 type摩擦式离合器 friction clutcch单盘离合器 single plate clutch双盘离合器 double plate clutch多盘离合器 multi-plate clutch膜片弹簧离合器 diaphragm spring clutch自动离合器 automatic clutch离心式自动离合器 centrifugal tyep automatic clutch电磁离合器 eelctromagnetic clutch磁粉离合器 magnetic-powder lutch螺旋弹簧离合器 spring-lo

26、aded clutch中央弹簧离合器 cetnral spring clutch斜置弹簧离合器 angle-spring clutch伺服离合器 servo clutch部件 assembly and parts离合器操纵机构 clutch operation飞轮 flywheel stored energy transmission system飞轮壳 flywheel casing从动盘摩擦衬片 clutch palte lining离合器壳 clutch housing传力片 steel tape压盘 pressure plate分离杆 release lever分离套筒 release

27、 sleeve离合器轴 clutch shaft离合器盖 clutchcover从动盘 clutch plate从动盘毂 clutch plate hub分离弹簧 release spring分离轴承 release thrust bearing中间压盘 center plate压紧弹簧 pressure spring膜片弹簧 diaphragm spring减震弹簧 damping spring摩擦片 friction lining扭转振动减震器 tortional vibration damper离合器机械式操纵机构 clutch operation device(mechanical )

28、离合器踏板轴 clutch pedal shaft离合器踏板臂 clutch pedal lever离合器踏板密封套 pedal lever seal离合器踏板 cltuch pedla pad分离推杆 release rod分离推杆叉 push-rod fork离合器分离轴 clutch release shaft分离杆支座 release lever supoort分离杆轴 release lever axle分离杆调整螺钉 release lever adjusting screw分离轴承和分离套筒总成 release bearing and sleeve assembly自动调心分离轴

29、承 self-aligning release thrust bearing离合器推力轴承 clutch thrust bearing离合器轴前轴承 clutch opilot bearing分离叉 withdrawal fork分离叉球头支座 operating fork bal -end分离推杆调整螺钉 release rod adjusting screw分离叉回位弹簧 operatign fork retrun spring踏板回位弹簧 clutch pedal retrun spring离合器分离拉索 clutch release cable离合器液压式操纵机构 clutch ope

30、raton (hydraulic)离合器操纵机构主缸 clutch release master cylinder储液罐 fluid reservoir主缸活塞 master cylinder piston主缸推杆 master cylinder push rod工作缸推杆 slave cylinder push rod工作缸活塞 slave cylinder piston工作缸 clutch release slave cylinder液压系统放气塞 hydraulic system bleeding plug油管 pipe联接软管 hose踏板支座 clutch pedal mountin

31、g bracket分离杆铰销 operating lever articulation工作缸活塞回位弹簧 slave cylinder piston return spirng主缸活塞回位弹簧 master cylinder piston return spring离合器打滑 cltuch slipping滑磨功 work of slipping接合平顺性 smoothness of pick-up (engagement)分离的彻底性 cleanliness of disengagemet离合器后备系数 reserve coefficient of clutch离合器的微处理机控制 micr

32、oprocessor controlled clutch变速器 transmission (gearbox)机械式变速器 mechanical transmission固定轴式变速器 fixed shaft transmission中间轴变速器 countershaft transmission双中间轴变速器 twin countershaft transmission多中间轴变速器 multi-countershaft transmission两轴式变速器 twin-shaft transmission行星齿轮式变速器 planetary transmission滑动齿轮变速器 slidin

33、g gear trnasmission全直齿常啮式变速器 fully constant mesh all spur gear transmission全斜齿常啮式变速器 fully constant mesh all helical gear transmission全齿套变速器 all dog clutch transmission多级变速器 multi-speed transmission无级变速器 non-stage transmission同步器式变速器 synchromesh transmission直接档变速器 direct drive transmission超速档变速器 ove

34、r drive transmision手动换档变速器 manually shifted transmission直接操纵变速器 direct control transmissionm远距离操纵变速器 remote control trnasmission动力助力换档变速器 power assisted shift transmission自动换档机械式变速器 automatic mechanical tranmission半自动换档机械式变速器 semi-automatic mechanical transmission插入式多档变速器 interttype multi-speed tran

35、mission分段式多档变速器 sectional type multi-speed tranmisssion组合式变速器 combinatory transmission主变速器 basic trnasmission副变速器 splitter带主减速器的变速器 final driving transmission液力变速器 hydraudynamic transmission自动液力变速器 automatic transmission半自动液力变速器 semiautomatic transmission人工换档液力变速器 manually shifted transmission分流式液力变

36、速器 split torque drive tranmisson定轴式液力变速器 countershaft transmission行星式液力变速器 planetary trnamission电子同步变速装置 electronically synchronized transmission assembly滑动齿轮传动 sliding -gear transmission常啮合齿轮传动 constant mesh transmission啮合套 shift sleeve (engagement sleeve)液力传动 hydraudynamic drive液力传动装置 dydraudynami

37、c drive unit液力偶合器 fluid coupling液力变矩器 torque converter综合式液力变矩器 torque converter-coupling锁止式液力变矩器 lock-up torque converter变容式液力变矩器 variable capacity converter同步器 synchronizer常压式同步器 constant pressure synchronizer惯性式同步器 inertial type of synchronizer自动增力式同步器 self-servo sysnchronizer双涡轮液力变矩器 double-turbi

38、ne torque converter双泵轮液力变矩器 double-impeller torque converter导轮可反转的变矩器 torque converter with revereal reacto分动箱（分动器） transfer case辅助变速器 auxiliary gear box取力器（动力输出机构） power take-off传动轴减速器 dirveline retarder液力减速器 hydraulic retarder单向离合器 one-way clutch锁止离合器 lock-up clutch叶轮 member泵轮 impeller涡轮 turbine导轮

39、 reactro转子 rotor定子 stator级 stage相 phase叶片 blade转动叶片 variable blade循环圆 trus section速度三角形 triangle of velocities外环 shell内环 core设计流线 design path边斜角（进出口） bias(entrance and exit)包角 scroll叶片骨线 mean camberline叶片角 blade angle阻流板 step,reflectro,baffle速度环量 circulation (circulation of stream)液流角 flow angle滑差 s

40、lip速比 speed ratio变矩比 torque ratio能容系数 capacity factor零速转速 stall speed空转转速 racing speed变矩范围 torque conversion range偶合范围 coupling range偶合点 coupling point锥形渐开线齿轮 conical involute gear变速齿轮 transmission gear分动齿轮（分动机构） transfer gear变速齿轮组 change gear set滑动齿轮 sliding gear常啮齿轮 constant mesh gear倒档中间齿轮 revers

41、e idler gear行星齿轮机构 planetary gears行星齿轮 planet gear行星架 planet carrier太阳齿轮 sun gear内齿轮 internal or king gear外侧行星齿轮 outer planet gear内侧行星齿轮 inner planet geear长行星齿轮 long planet gear短行星齿轮 shor planet gear双联行星齿轮 compound planet gear中间齿轮 intermediate gear(counter gear)副轴齿轮 counter shaft gear副轴 counter shaf

42、t变速器输入轴 transmission imput shaft变速器输出轴 transmission output shaft变速器主动齿轮轴 transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴 transmission main shaft变速器中间轴 transmission countershaft变速器轴的刚度 rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比（变速比） transmission gear ratio传动比 gear ratio主压力 line pressure调制压力 modulated pressure真空调制压力 vacuum modulator

43、pressure速控压力 governor pressure缓冲压力 compensator or trimmer pressure限档压力 hold presure前油泵 front pump (input pump )液力传动装置充油压力 hydrodynamic unit change pressure后油泵 gear pump (output pump )回油泵 scavenge oil pump调压阀 pressure -regulator vavle电磁阀调压阀 solenoid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀 converter bypass valve速控阀 g

44、overnor valve选档阀 selectro valve换档阀 shift valve信号阀 signal valve继动阀 relay valve换档指令发生器 shift pattern generator档位指示器 shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀 priority valve流量阀 flow valve重迭阀 overlap valve液力减速器控制阀 retarder control valve液力起步 fluid start零速起动 stall start液力变矩器锁止 converter lockup全液压自动换档系统 hydraulic a

45、utomatic control system电液式自动换档系统 electronic -hydraulic automatiec换档 shift升档 upshift降档 downshift动力换档 power shfit单向离合器换档 freewheel shfit人工换档 manual shfit自动换档 automaitc shfit抑制换档 inhibited shift超限换档 overrun shift强制换档 forced shift换档点 shift point叶片转位 blade angle shift换档滞后 shift hysteresis换档循环 shift sched

46、ule换档规律 process of power shift动力换档过程 timing换档定时 property of automatic shift换档品质 property of automatic shft换档元件 engaging element换档机构 gearshift操纵杆 control lever变速杆 stick shift(gear shift lever)（副变速器）变速杆 range selector变速叉 shifting fork (gear shift fork)分动箱控制杆 transfer gear shift fork变速踏板 gear shift ped

47、al变速轨（拨叉道轨） shift rail直接变速 direct change(direct control)方向盘式变速 column shift (handle change)按钮控制 finger-tip control槽导变速 gate change空档位置 neutral position直接驱动 direct drive高速档 top gear(high gear)低速档 bottom gear(low speed gear)第一档 first gear第二档 second gear超速档 overdirve gear经济档 economic gear倒档 reverse gea

48、r爬行档 creeper gear驱动特性 drive performance反拖特性 coast performance定输入扭矩特性 constant input torque performance全油门特性 full throttle performance寄生损失特性 no load (parasitic losses)performance原始特性 primary characteristic响应特性 response characteristic吸收特性 absorption characteristic全特性 total external characteristic输入特性

49、characteristic of enhance输出特性 characteristic of exit力矩特性 torque factor(coefficient of moment)过载系数 overloading ratio变矩系数 torque ratio能容系数 capacity factorr几何相似 geometry similarity运动相似 kinematic similarity动力相似 dynamic similarity透穿性 transparency万向节和传动轴 universal joint and drive shaft万向节 universal joint非

50、等速万向节 nonconstant velocity universal joint等速万向节 constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节 near constant velocity universal joint自承式万向节 self-supporting universal joint非自承式万各节 non self suporting universal joint回转直径 swing diameter等速平面 constant velocity plane万向节夹角 true joint angle十字轴式万向节 cardan (hookes)un

51、iversal joint万向节叉 yoke突缘叉 flange york滑动叉 slip yoke滑动节，伸缩节 slip joint花键轴叉 slip shaft yoke轴管叉（焊接叉） tube(weld yoke)十字轴 cross(spider)十字轴总成 cross assembly挠性元件总成 flexible universal joint球销式万向节 flexible member assembly双柱槽壳 housing球环 ball球头轴 ball head球头钉 button中心球和座 centering ball and seat球笼式万向节 rzeppa univ

52、ersal joint钟形壳 outer race星型套 inner race保持架 cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节 plunging constant velocity joint筒形壳 cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套 inner race withcylinder ball grooves偏心保持架 non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节 ball spline rzeppa universal joint外壳 outer housing内壳体 inner housing球叉式万向节 weiss universal joint球叉 ball yo

53、ke定心钢球 centering ball三球销万向节 tripod universal joint三柱槽壳 housing三销架 spider双联万向节 double cardan universal joint凸块式万向节 tracta universal joint凸块叉 fork yoke榫槽凸块 tongue and groove couplijng凹槽凸块 groove coupling传动轴 drive shaft(propeller shaft)传动轴系 drive line传动轴形式 drive shaft type两万向节滑动的传动轴 two -joint inboard

54、slip ddiveshaft两万向节外侧滑动传动轴 two joint ouboard slip drive shaft单万向节传动轴 single joint coupling shaft组合式传动轴 unitized drive shaft传动轴减振器 drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承 drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件 weld drive shaft tube assembly传动轴特征长度 drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声 resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速 critic

55、al speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡 balance of drive shaft assembly允许滑动量 slip相位角 phase angle传动轴安全圈 drive shaft safety strap驱动桥 drive axle(driving axle)类型 type断开式驱动桥 divided axle非独立悬架式驱动桥 rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥 independent suspension drive axle转向驱动桥 steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥 tandem axles“三速”贯通轴 three-s

56、peed tandem axles单驱动桥 single drive axle多桥驱动 multiaxle drive减速器 reducer主减速器 final drive单级主减速器 single reduction final drive双级主减速器 double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器 front mounted double reduction final drive后置式双级主减速器 rear mounted double reduction final drive上置式双级主减速器 top mounted double reducton fin

57、al drive行星齿轮式双级主减速器 planetary double reduction final drive限档压力 hold presure前油泵 front pump (input pump )液力传动装置充油压力 hydrodynamic unit change pressure后油泵 gear pump (output pump )回油泵 scavenge oil pump调压阀 pressure -regulator vavle电磁阀调压阀 solenoid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀 converter bypass valve速控阀 governor

58、valve选档阀 selectro valve换档阀 shift valve信号阀 signal valve继动阀 relay valve换档指令发生器 shift pattern generator档位指示器 shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀 priority valve流量阀 flow valve重迭阀 overlap valve液力减速器控制阀 retarder control valve液力起步 fluid start零速起动 stall start液力变矩器锁止 converter lockup全液压自动换档系统 hydraulic automatic

59、 control system电液式自动换档系统 electronic -hydraulic automatiec换档 shift升档 upshift降档 downshift动力换档 power shfit单向离合器换档 freewheel shfit人工换档 manual shfit自动换档 automaitc shfit抑制换档 inhibited shift超限换档 overrun shift强制换档 forced shift换档点 shift point叶片转位 blade angle shift换档滞后 shift hysteresis换档循环 shift schedule换档规律

60、process of power shift动力换档过程 timing换档定时 property of automatic shift换档品质 property of automatic shft换档元件 engaging element换档机构 gearshift操纵杆 control lever变速杆 stick shift(gear shift lever)（副变速器）变速杆 range selector变速叉 shifting fork (gear shift fork)分动箱控制杆 transfer gear shift fork变速踏板 gear shift pedal变速轨（拨叉

61、道轨） shift rail直接变速 direct change(direct control)方向盘式变速 column shift (handle change)按钮控制 finger-tip control槽导变速 gate change空档位置 neutral position直接驱动 direct drive高速档 top gear(high gear)低速档 bottom gear(low speed gear)第一档 first gear第二档 second gear超速档 overdirve gear经济档 economic gear倒档 reverse gear爬行档 creeper gear驱动特性 drive performance反拖特性 coast performance定输入扭矩特性 constant input torque performance全油门特性 full throttle performance寄生损失特性 no load (parasitic losses)performance原始特性 primary characteristic响应特性 response characteristic吸收特性 absorption characteristic全特性 tota