动词不定式用法讲解

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1、动词不定式用法讲解动词不定式用法讲解构成及特征动词不定式(infinitive) 是动词的一种非限定形式，即非谓语动词形式，它有两种形式：一种是to +动词原形”构成(to-infinitive)；另种是不带to的不定式，即动词原形(bare-infin itive)o所有行为动词都有不定式形式，其否定式是在不定式前加noto动词不定式(或不定式 短语)没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓 语。动词不定式仍保留有动词的特点：可以有时式和语态的变化，也可以有自己的宾语或状语，它们一起构成了不定式短语。He tried to work out the p roblem in five minute

2、s.他试图在五分钟之内算出这道题。（带宾语和状语）The factory to be built here n ext year is a car factory.明 年在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。（有语态的变化）（2）动词不定式还具有名词、形容词和副词的 特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语等成分。He wants to study En glish.他想学英语。（tostudy English在句中作want的宾语，而tostudy又有自己的宾语En glish, to study English 一起构成了不定式短语。）Never to offend anyone i

3、s his principle.得罪人是他的原则。（不定式作主语）注意：不定 式在许多场合具有情态意义时，相当于一个带有情 态动词的主语从句； 语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的宾语从句；作定语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的定语从句;作目的状语时，相当于so that或in orderthat引导的目的状语从句。It is right for her to say so.(= It is rightthat she should say so.)她这样说是对的。He has a lot of work to do.(=.that he should do)他有彳艮多工作要做。I don t know

4、 where to get the ticket.(=where I could get the ticket.)我不知道哪里能买到票。She opened the door for the childre n tocome in.(=so that the children mightcome in）她打开门目的是让孩子进来。2、动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式，般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。主动语态被动语态般式 to write to be written进行式 to be writing完成式 to have writte n to

5、have bee n writte n完成进行式 to have been writing不定式的时态意义不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的。不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作或 状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。They made plans to live in P aris.他4 计戈住在巴黎。（to live发生在made plans之后）I heard them talk in whis pers all the timeat the meet ing.我听见他们会议期间一直小声说话。（不定式talk与谓语动词heard同时发生）不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示其动作

6、正在进行，与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。He P rete nded to be liste ningto mecarefully.他假装认真地听我讲。When he came in J happened to bereading the novel.他进来时，我碰巧正在读小说。注意：不定式的进行式常同may, might, can, could, must, n eed, ought to, should, will,would等情态动词连用，表示“可能、应当或想必”正在进行的动作。You oughtn t to be talking so much.不应该说这么多。He might be

7、read! ng a no vel at that time.那时他可能正在读小说。It is good to sit here with you.（坐下来时讲这句话）It is good to be sitti ng here with you.（在座位上时讲这句话）He is said to write a prefaceto thebook.（表示将来）He is said to be writ! ng a p reface to thebook.（表示进行）不定式的完成式不定式的完成时表达下列意义：a.不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。I am sorry

8、 to have kept you wait ing.对不起，让你久等了。（ to have ke pt 发生在lamsorry所表示的时间之前）She is said to have just com pl eted a no veL据说她刚完成一部小说。（to havejustcom pl eted a no vel 发生在 She is said 所表示的时间之前）b.用在 intended, expected, meant, hoped,P romised, plann ed, wished, thought, desired, was, were等词诘，不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿

9、望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have +过去分词表不动作,to havebeen表不状态。I meant to have done the work beforeSun day.我本想星期天前完成这项工作。（没完成）I was to have bee n a doctor.我本打算当个医生。（没当成）I inten ded to have come to see you.我本打算来看你的。（但没来）C .用在 seem, appear, thing,con sider,believe等后，表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生OI seem to have seen her somewhere

10、before.以前我好像在那见过她。（see在seem之前发生）He was believed to have bee n a rep orter.都认为他从前干过记者。比较：She seems to have bee n ilL= It seems thatshe has been ill.她似乎病 了She seemed to have bee n ilL= It seemed that she had bee n ill. 她似乎过去生过病。d.在 should(would)likeshould (would) have like后用不定式完成式表示没有实现的愿望。我多么face whe

11、 n sheI should like to have gone with her.愿意和她一起去。(但没去)I would like to have see n her read the letter.我真想见到她读信时的表情。(但没看到)不定式的完成进行式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。He was happy to have bee n stay ing withhis uncle.他很高兴一直跟他叔叔住在一起He looked too young to have bee n p ublishi ng books for six years.年轻，不像已经出版了 6年书的人。

12、come +不定式表示一个动作发生的过程He will come to un dersta nd it in the end.他最终会懂得的。Later he came to be a famous pain ter.后来他成了著名的画家。(2 )动词不定式的被动语态如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者不定式用主动式；如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。The doctor recomme nded him to air theroom.医生建议他让房间透透气。（主动式）The doctor recomme nded the room to beaired.医生建

13、议让房间透透气。（被动式）The sp orts meet ing on the weeke nd hasto be put off.周末的运动会被迫推迟。（被动式）What is to be done next?下什么？（被动式）（3）意义上被动形式上主动的不定式在“ there be+主语”中，不定式用作定语修饰名词或代词，并同所修饰的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。There is no time to lose.一，点时间也不能浪有许多衣费了。There are a lot of clothes to wash.服要洗。There is nothing to do at the mome

14、 nt.时无事可做。be easy（difficult, fit等形容词）不定式”结构中，有时尽管主语是动作的承受者，不定式在意义上是被动，形式却是主动，这时可以看成省略了动词逻辑主语for us, for me , for you等。The book is difficult to read,这本书很难读懂。他不易He is not easy to get on well with.相处。如果不定式逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者,不定式和它修饰的名词虽然在逻辑上有动宾关系， 也必须用主动形式，因为逻辑主语同不定式的关系 更为直接。We ve got plenty to eat.我们有足够的东西

15、吃。（句子主语We在逻辑上是不定式to eat动作的执行者，不定式to eat和它修饰的名词plenty在逻辑上是动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。）some similarMost people haveexperience to remember.大多数人都有些相似的体会值得记忆。（句子主语Mostpeople在逻辑上是不定式to remember动作 的执行 者，不定式to remember和它修饰的名 词expeMenee在逻辑上是动宾关系，用主动形式表示 被动意义。）注意：不定式和句中百语或其它成分如果不是逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式仍宜用被动形式。He described the bl

16、ack slaves to be soldat auction .他描写了那些被拍卖出售的黑人奴隶。We thought the meet ing to be held veryimp orta nt.我们认为即将举行的会议很重要。在tooto和eno ugh to结构中，不定式可用主动语态表示被动意义。The box is too heavy to carry.这个箱子太重了搬不动。The book chea p eno ugh to buy.这本书彳艮便宜可以买。blame的不定式作表语时，用主动语态和被动语态表示被动的意义，但含义不同。You were to blame.(二 you a

17、re at fault.)这该怪你。You were to be blamed-(二 You are going to be blamed.)你要受到指责。something, little, what, much, a greatdeal等作句子主语，表语为to do时，不定式可用主动语态表示被动意义。A great deal of work rema ins to do.还有彳艮多工作要做。What is to do tomorrow?明天干什么？to let表示“出租”作表语时，可用to be let形式，但含义上有些差别。This house is to let.此房出租。(从房屋主人

18、的立场讲话，由于房子主人亲自向租房人说或登出广告)This house is to be let.此房出租。（从房屋本身来 说，代理人向租房人讲话）a.不定式和它所修饰的词必须是逻辑上的动宾关系，如果是逻辑上的主谓关系，意义不是被动而 是主动。They have the ability to cha nge things for the better.他们 具有使事态好转的能力。Its a picture to guide you.这是衣服可以指引你的图。b.在同一场合，某些不定式可用主动形式或被动形式，但含义常有细微差别。主动形式经常带有 一定的情态意义，如可能、必要、应该等，而被动形式则不

19、带情态意义。例如：There is nothing to see.（指没有东西可看）没有什么值得看的。There is nothing to be seen.什么也看不见，（指没有东西被看见）c.如果不定式与其逻辑主语或被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，而不定式中的动词是 不及物动词或虽是及物动词，而其本身已经带有 宾语的，则不定式后应加一个合适的介词。I have no paper to write on.我没纸写字。I n eed a chair to sit on.他需要一把椅子坐下。d.下列句型必须用被动式There s still much left to be describe

20、d.还剩很多要描述。There is no sound to be heard.没听见声音。3、动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因 此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状 语。不定式作主语To make a plan first is a good idea.先制订计划是个好办法。To die for our motherlandis a greathonour.为祖国而死，死得光荣。不定式及不定式短语作主语时，为了平衡句子 结构，可用it作形式主语，而把真正的不定式后 置OIt is a good idea to make a p la n first .

21、首先制订一个计划是一个好主oIts a great pl easure to see you aga in.再次见到你太好了。Its bad manners to stare at a foreignguest ,盯着外国人看是不礼貌的o在下列情况下只宜采用it作形式主语a.在疑问句或感叹句中作主语的不定式。Isnt it a good idea to set up a lab of ourown?建一座我们自己的实验室不是个好主意吗？How important it is to master a foreign b.当句中 谓语动词不是 be, seem, appear 等Ian guage

22、!掌握门外语是多么重要啊！连系动词时。It took us 20 minu tes to get to the stati on.赶到车站花了我们20分钟。It made the boy greatlypl eased to getthe gift.得到礼物使男孩大为高兴。c.在“it+be + adj.+of + sb.+不定式”结构中。Its very nice of you to help me with mywork.帮我的工作，你真是太好了。It was silly of us to do so.我们这样做真是太傻 了。d.有时候，作主语的不定式相当于一个条件从句OTo love o

23、thers is to be loved. = Ifyoulove others you will be loved by others.人即爱 己。To build anexp ressway across thecountry requires a lot of mon ey.= If youbuild an expressway across the country,it will require a lot of money.建一条贯通全国的高速公路需要很多 钱。e.如果作主语的不定式短语是及物动词+宾语，则可以把宾语转换为主语，而不定式移到句尾。To revise the poem

24、took her two weeks.=The poem took her two weeks to revise.修改这首诗花了她两周的时间。(the P oem是revise的逻辑宾语)To talk with Hele n is in teresti ng.二 Hele nis interestingto talk with.同海伦谈话很有趣。(2)不定式作表语主语、表语都是不定式，前者是条件，后者是 目的或结果。To lear n a Ian guage is to use it.学语言是为了使用语言。To be ki nd to the en emy is to be cruel t

25、o the peo pie.对敌人仁慈就是对人民残酷。 主语是 duty, plan, wish, hope, idea, purpose等名词。His wish was to become a scie ntist.他的愿To the doctor ,the most imp orta nt thingis to save p eo pl es lives.对医生来说，最重要的事是拯救人们的生命。表示时态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。You are to die at 98. 你会 98 岁去世。Man is to live a better life in the nextce

26、ntury.人类在下一世纪会生活的更好表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、 禁止”等。They are to marry n ext week.F周结婚。Nobody is to know.（禁止）不应让任何人知道。You must be p atie nt and p ersiste nt if you are to succeed.（盛望）要想成功，就必须有耐力，有毅力。主语是what引导的名词性从句。What surprised me most is to see him beaten black and blue.使我吃惊的是看到他被打得遍体鳞伤。What is importan

27、t at presentis to savelives.目前救人要紧。（3）不定式作宾语有些及物动词常跟不定式作宾语，如 agree,afford, arra nge, ask,begi ndecide,等。forget, hop e, like , start , want, wishShe wan ted to borrow my bike.她想借我的自行车。They began to read and write.他们开始读写。afraid, an xious, careful, content,不定式也可用来作形容词的宾语，如able,determ in ed, eager, fool

28、ish, free, glad, in cli ned, likely, pl eased, prep ared, ready, slow, sure, sorry, willi ng尊。The boys and girls are anxiousto learnhow to swim.孩子们渴望学会游泳。rm glad to meet you.见到你我很高兴。a.不定式作宾语时，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，与不定式动词的关系是主动关系，但有时不定式和主语却是动宾关 系。英语不难学。这个问题很En glish is not difficult to tear n.The quest! on

29、is easy to an swer.好回答。b. feel, fin d, judge, make, thi nk, believe,con sider等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，后面有宾语补足语时，将真正的宾语不定式放在补足语的后面，而将形式宾语it放在补语之前。He found it hard to lear n maths.他发现数学很难学。I thi nk it our duty to support the elder.认为赡养老人是我们的义务。（；）不定式作定语不定式作定语时，需放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。它与所修饰的名词或代词有下列关系:动宾关系Have you got an

30、y thi ng to say?说的吗？She did not have much money to spend.她没有更多的钱花。注意：如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，和所修饰名词搭配的介词不能省略。He had no room to live in.他没房子住。There are 60 desks for us to sit by.有六张桌子供我们坐。主谓关系He is always the first to come and last toleave.他总是第一个来，最后一个走。The n ext train to arrive is fromWash in gto n.下一列到站的火车是

31、从华盛顿开来的。同位语关系The farmers thought of ways to protecttheir cr叩s.农民们想出保护庄稼的办法。He had the wish to be an artist.他愿意当艺术家。a.不定式可以修饰there be结构中作主语的名词There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。There is eno ugh money to spare.钱足够用。b.有些动词和形容词后常跟不定式，这些词派生出来的名词 ability, agreeme nt, an xiety,attem pt, claim, decisi

32、on,determ in ati on,eager ness, n eed, plan, p romise, tendency,Willi ngn ess, wish, im patie nee, i ncii nati on等常跟不定式作定语，这类词后的不定式常表同位关系She had a tendency to talk too much.她喜欢唠叨。His eager ness to get back home wasquite obvious.看的出，他急于回家。(5)不定式作状语不定式作状语时，常表示目的、结果、原因、条件 等，通常放在它所修饰的动词之后。表目的不定式作目的状语时，其

33、动作发生在谓语 动词之后，一般放在句子后部。但如要表示强调， 也可 以位于句首，前面可加in order,不定式作目的状语时其否定必须用in order not +不定式,或 so as not不定式。in order to引出的不定式可置于句首或句中，so as not 不定式不能放在句首，只能放在句中He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。（目的）To search for gold, many people went toCalifornia.为了寻找金子，许多人去了加利福尼亚。（目的）I ofte n read China Daily so as to imp

34、 rovemy reading.我常读中国日报以提高我的阅读。（目的）We ofte n liste n to En glishbroadcasts to/inorder to/so as to get listeningtraining.我们经常听英语广播，以增强听力训练。此句可改变：To/ln order to（但不能用so asto ） get listening training, we often listen to En glish broadcasts.比较：在英语中，目的一般用不定式表示，而不用for +动名词或者分词表示。She has phoned to say that

35、she will resig n.她打电话说她要辞职。（不用for saying ）We eat to live.我们吃饭是为了生存。（不用for eating ）To p ass the exam, he worked hard at hisless on.为了能通过考试，他刻苦读书。（此处不能用 Passing the exam）表小结果A few days later he came back only to find that the troop had left.他几天后回来,发现部队已经离开了。（不定式动作后发生）She tried to kill herself only to

36、be saved.她企图自杀，后来被救了。（常代0nly 词表明是结果）Few people live to be a hun dred years old.很少有人能活到一百岁。a.形容词如 right, polite,crazy, generous,good, greedy, kind, selfish, silly, splen did,nice, unselfish,unkind等对人进行表扬或批评，后接不定式表示结果，不定式的逻辑主语也就是句子主语。He is very p olite to show us the way.他彳艮有礼貌给我们指路。He is silly to say

37、 so.他这么说太傻 了。b.不定式和only连用，表本未预料到的结果。He woke up only to find himself famous.他一觉醒来，竟发现自己成名了。The thief broke into the house only tofind it emp ty. 小偷闯进屋子，却发现是空的c.在 so as to, such .as to, eno ugh to 等结构中的不定式皆表示结果。He is too young to join the army.他太年轻He is so careless as to forget his pen.她太粗心了，以至于把钢笔忘了带

38、。d. tooto”表示结果意为：太而不,但有时不含否定意义。He is too excited to sleep.他太激动 了，不能We are only too pl eased to work togetherwith you.我们同你一起工作，真是太高兴了。（肯定）You are too ready to find out fault withothers.你太好挑剔别人了。（肯定）表示原因，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。She wept to see him in such a terriblestate .她看到他这种可怕的样子就哭了。The whole n ati on was in

39、dee p sorrow to learn the death of Lincoln.听到林肯去逝的 消息，全国都沉浸在悲痛之中表示条件动词不定式有时也可以表示条件，一般置于句 首,否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾，这时谓语动 词常含有 will, shall, should, would, can, must 等。To hear him talk, you wouldthink heowned the whole world.要是听他讲你会话，认为整个世界都是他 的。One would be careless not to seethemistake.如果一个人看不到自己的缺点他就会疏忽大豪示伴

40、随这种情况不定式常以独立结构出 现。They divided the work, Joh n to wash thevegetables and Mary to cook the meal.们做了分工，约翰洗菜；玛丽做 饭。A number of studentssat around theprofessor, some to ask questions, someto discuss among themselves. 些学生围着教授坐，有的问问题，有的自己讨论。表明说话人的态度，在句中作独立成分To tell the truth, this all Greek to me.说实话，我对此一

41、窍不通。To make a long story short, he became ban kru pt.简单的 说，他破产了。To be true, we can do it well.做好。除此之外还有：to be brief简而言之、to be exact to be 精确的说、 frank with you 老实对你说、to beplain 老实说、to put it straight直截 了当、to bring the story short长话短说、to returnto my subject 言归 正传、to change the subject 换-k 个话题、to use h

42、is own words用自己的话说、to make matter worse更糟的是、to give him his due 公正地说、strange姑且不讲、to say 奇怪地说、to say nothing of to con elude 总之、to crow n all 更好（坏）的是、to be honest直率地说、to start /begin with首先、to do him justice说句公道话、tosum up总之，总而言之等。这些短语大都位于句首，偶尔位于句中或句尾，需要用逗号和其他成分隔开。但表示“更不用说”的几个短语一般要放 在句尾，女口 to say noth

43、ing of, not to say, not to men ti on, not to sp eak of, let alone, much less, much more 等。不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时，宾语与不定式构成复合i宾语，宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。Lucy asked him to tur n dow n the radio.茜叫他把录音机关得小一些。Jim told Ling Feng to give his best wishesto everybody.吉姆告诉凌峰转告他对每个人的衷心的祝愿。a.动词 believe, con sider, decla

44、re, find,p rove, suppose, feel, think 等后面常跟 tobe不定式作宾补 有时t。be可以省略。这类不定式改为被动语态后就变成了主语补足语。We believe her (to be) innocent.我们相信她无罪。I con sider him (to be) a great man.我认为他很伟大。She was con sidered (to be) too lazy.都认为她很懒。b.感官动词女 0 feel, see, hear, watch, notice,observe, listen to, look at 等以及使役动词make, ha

45、ve, let等在跟不定式作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to。但在转换成被动语态时要加上tOo1 heard him sing n ext door.我听见他在隔壁唱过歌。有人听见他He was heard to sing n ext door.在隔壁唱过歌。她让那She made the boy go to bed early.个男孩早睡觉。那个The boy was made to go to bed early男孩被迫早睡觉。c.在动词find与help之后，不定式可以带9也可以不带t。He was surprised to find the sheep (to)他发现羊在break th

46、e fence at this seas on.此季节越出羊栏，感到惊讶。I can t help you (to) do the house work.我不能帮你做家务。(7 )用作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语时，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。He was consideredto have finished thework.别人认为他已经完成了工作。He is said to be an artist.据说他是艺术家。4、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式由“ not+动词不定式”构成。Tell him not to be late. 告诉他不要迟到The P olicema n told

47、the boys not to playin the street.那位警察告诉那些男孩们不要在街上玩。5、动词不定式的复合结构（1）fo叶名词或代词+不定式不定式的复合结构由“f。叶名词或代词+不定式”构成。这个名词或代词形式上是f。的宾语， 而意义上是不定式的逻辑主语。这种结构可在句 子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。如： It is n ecessary for us to tear n from each other.我们相互学习是必要的。（主语）I think it a good idea for her to study这台发动机medici ne.我认为她学医是个好主意。（宾

48、语）The engine is for you to rep air.归你修。（表语）The lake is a good pl ace for you to swimin.这湖是你游泳的好地方。（定语）I sp oke slowly for them to make no tes.讲得很慢以便让他们作笔记。（状语）（2）“ It is +形容词+ X+代词（名词）不定式”句型一一用 of还是用for如果句中的形容词表示人物特征或品质，常司of搭配构成“ It is +形容词+ of +代词（名词）+ 不定式”句型。如:bold , brave, careful, generous, :rig

49、ht .wrong, kind .nice .good ,careless, con siderate,cruel, rude,Polite , clever , wise , foolish, silly 等。这是一个带有感情色彩的不定式结构，表示好意时，具有“对不胜感激”的意思；表示坏的i意思时，含有“真是太意思。It is kind of you to help me.好了。It was foolish of us to do so.你帮助我真是太我们这样做真是太傻了。这一结构均可改为“主语be +形容词+不定You are kind to help.你帮我很好。We are fooli

50、sh to do so.我们这样做傻。式”但无感情色彩。注意：在口语中，这一结构可由how引起，表示强烈的感叹。这时，it is, it was或不定式常可省略。How careless (it was) of him to break thevase!他把花瓶打了真是太傻了。How gen erous (it is) of him (to lend methe big sum of mo ney)!他借给我这么多钱,真是太大方了。表示事物性质的形容词如 easy, difficult, hard, imp orta nt, impo ssible, po ssible, safe, dang

51、erous, necessary常同 for 搭酉己，构成“It is +形容词+ for +代词（名词）定式”句型。这类形容词同for后的名词或代词 关系不密切，没有意义上的主表关系，但与句中 的不定式结构关系密切，有意义上的主表关系。It s difficult for me to work out theproblem.我要算出这道题目太难了。It s very important for students to learnEnglish well.对于学生们来说，学好英语是很重 要的。注意：这类形容词 easy, convenient, dan gerous, difficult, l

52、azy, weak, hard,imp orta nt, impo ssible, po ssible, safe,n ecessary, troublesome 等，一般不能用于人称代词（it除外）+be+形容词+不定式”o试比较：It is impo ssible for me to finish it today.我今天不可能完成这项工作。Come and see convenient to you. 不能说Come and are convenient.不能用 I am impossible to finish it today.me whe neverit is方便的时候来看我。se

53、e me whenever youWhe n would it be convenient for you tog。?你什么时候去方便？不能说 When are you convenient to go?6、动词不定式和疑问词连用(1)关系词+动词不定式动词不定式可以和疑问代词：who, what, which及疑 问曷 U 词： when, where, how, why等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。如:Who to do the work has not bee ndecided yet.谁干这项工作尚未决定。（主语）He showed me how to use

54、 a com pu ter.向我示范了 一下怎样使用计算机(宾语)The quest! on is whe n to start.候出发。（表语）问题是什么时不定式结“with + whom/which +不定式”结构是（2） with + whom/which +种简洁的表达方式，指人时用 whom,指物时用which,这种结构中的with有时可以是by,through, on, from等。这种结构通常用作后置定语OShe had only 15 dollars with which to buyher husband a gift. 她只有15美兀，用它来给她丈夫买礼物。She is a

55、 n ice woma n with whom to work.她是一个很好的工作同伴。He opened the n orth wi ndow from which(where ) to enjoy the distant hill.他打开北窗，从那里可以欣赏到远处山的景色。7、分裂不定式般说来，不定式是不可拆开的，但有时为了避免句意不清，可以在不定式符号 to和动词之间插入一个副词，构成分裂不定式（splitinfinitive ) o所插入的副词习惯上常与不定式的动词原形连用。He liked to half close his eyes.他喜欢半闭着眼睛。He was too ill

56、to really carry out his duty.他病得实在不能履行职责了。运用分裂不定式往往可以避免歧义。试比较：He silently prepared to accompanyher.为了陪伴她，他默默地做准备。He prep ared to sile ntly accom pany her.准备默默地陪伴她。（分裂不定式）Once more he made up his mindtobecome a suitor to her.他再次下决心向她求婚oHe made up his mi nd to once morebecome a suitor to her.他下决心再次向她求

57、婚。（分裂不定式）8、不带to的不定式的用法不定式除了与助动词（be going to, be to等除外）、情态动词（ought to, used to 等除外）连用时不带t。夕卜，下面几种情况通常也不带t。：（1 ） 由 and, or, than 等连接当两个或两个以上的不定式具有同等功能时，往往由and, or, than等连接，只用在第一个不定式前，第二个（之后的）不定式可以省略t。What we should do now is to open the win dow and let fresh air in.窗通风。我们要做的是开It is easier to p raise p

58、eople tha n criticizethem.表扬人比批评人容易o注意：但有时为了强调对比，可以在每个不定式之前重复to。He hasn t decided whether to go home or to stay at school duri ng the vacati on.他还没决定假期是回家还是留校。lm really puzzled what to think or to say.我真不知道该怎么想怎么说。(2)对照或对比之意时两个不定式如果有对照或对比之意时不可省略toTo be or not to be - that is the question.是生还是死，这是问题所

59、在。I came not to scold but to p raise you.是来骂你的而是来夸你的。(3)在 had better, had best, wouldrather than, rather than, would sooner,would sooner than, cannot but, cannothelp but等结构中后面不用toHe would rather die tha n give in.他宁死不屈oI cannot but admire his courage.我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。(4)Why(not)后不能带 to这种结构的肯定式表示不满或委婉的批评，否

60、定句则表示指责。、，Why worry about such trifle?为何为琐事烦心？Why sta nd here without doing anything?为什么站在这里，什么都不干？为什Why not let him do such heavy work?么不让他干这么重的活？Why not think of someth! ng you can do.为什么不想个你能干的事呢？注意：why not后可以接名词、名词短语。Why n ot tea?为什么不要茶呢？Why not a cup of coffee?为什么不要杯在感官动词后和使役动词后作宾语补足语在 feel, hear, no tice, observe, see, watch感官司动词后，have, make, let等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，不定式不带t。He no tices a thief sli p into the house.意到一个小偷溜进了房子。She likes to have her room look beautifuland tidy.她喜欢使自己的房间看起来漂亮整洁。注意：但这些动词用于被动句时，却必须带tOoT