非谓语动词 (2)

《非谓语动词 (2)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词 (2)（54页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、非谓语动词 复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点：复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点：1. 句法作用句法作用 (除谓语外的其他成分除谓语外的其他成分)2. 时态和语态时态和语态(以以do为例为例)时态与语态的判断方法时态与语态的判断方法时态：若非谓语动词的动作若发生在谓语时态：若非谓语动词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式，否则，就用动词的动作之前，用完成式，否则，就用一般式。一般式。语态：当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动语态：当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式。关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式。3.3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语非谓语动词的逻辑主语充当句子成分宾语和

2、表语状语定语宾补逻辑主语句子的主语所修饰的词句子的宾语(1)有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如宾语。如ask, demand(要求要求), plan, intend, mean (计划计划), manage, do/try ones best, make an attempt, (努力努力), learn(学习学习), wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer(希望、愿意希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意同意), d

3、ecide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up ones mind(决定决定), offer(主动提出主动提出), apply(申请申请), help(帮助帮助), fail(不能、没有不能、没有), prepare(准备准备), pretend(假装假装), refuse(拒绝拒绝), happen(碰巧碰巧), afford(负担得起负担得起)等。等。4. 有特殊要求的动词或短语动词有特殊要求的动词或短语动词 (2)有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不能有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如接不定式。如allow, perm

4、it(允许允许), consider(考考虑虑), suggest, advice(建议建议), keep (on)(反复反复; 不停不停), finish(完成完成), imagine(想象想象), practise (练习练习), understand(明白明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢喜欢), miss(错过错过; 怀念怀念), prevent(阻止阻止), forbid(禁止禁止), escape(避免避免), include(包括包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅原谅), dislike(厌恶厌恶), discuss(讨论讨论), re

5、port(报道报道), admit(承认承认), mind(介意介意), risk(冒冒险险), cant stand(不能忍受不能忍受), burst out(突然开始突然开始), feel like(想要想要), insist on(坚持坚持), delay, put off(推推迟迟), give up(放弃放弃), be busy(忙于忙于), be worth(值得值得)等。等。(3)下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：意义不同：remember to do(记住去做记住去做), remember doing(记得做过记得做过)；fo

6、rget to do(忘记去忘记去做做)，forget doing(忘记做过忘记做过)；regret to do (遗憾遗憾地做地做)，regret doing(后悔做了后悔做了)；try to do(设法设法做做)，try doing(试做试做)；go on to do(接着做另一接着做另一事事)，go on doing(继续做同一事继续做同一事)；mean to do(打打算做算做)，mean doing(意味着意味着)；stop to do(停下来停下来去做去做)，stop doing(停止做停止做)；cant help to do(不不能帮助做能帮助做)，cant help doing

7、(情不自禁做情不自禁做)。(4) 需要接动名词的含有介词的句型：在介词后需要接动名词的含有介词的句型：在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介词的固定句式一般用动名词，下面是一些含介词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing (阻止阻止做做)；spend /waste time or money in doing (在做在做方面花费方面花费/浪费时间或金钱浪费时间或金钱)；How /What about doing sth.(做做怎么怎么样？样？)；have some difficulty/tr

8、ouble in doing (在做在做方面有些困难方面有些困难)；have a hard time in doing sth.(做某事很艰难做某事很艰难); there is no sense in doing(做做是没有理由是没有理由/道理道理的的)；thank (excuse /admire /praise /blame /scold /punish) sb. for doing sth.(因做某事而感谢因做某事而感谢/羡慕羡慕/表扬表扬/责备某人责备某人)等。等。(5) to是介词和固定词组很多，常见的有：是介词和固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to(盼望盼望), d

9、evoteto /be devoted to(致力致力于于), be/get used to(习惯习惯), lead to(导致导致), get down to(开始认真开始认真), pay attention to(注意注意), refer to(谈谈到到), point to(指向指向), turn to(转向转向), object to(反对反对), equal to(等于、能胜任等于、能胜任), belong to(属于属于)等。等。(6) 在表示在表示“需要需要”的的need, want, require等后用等后用v-ing的主动式表示被动含义，此时也可用不定的主动式表示被动含义，

10、此时也可用不定式的被动式。式的被动式。(7) 在在make, let, have(使，让使，让)等使役动词后作宾等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号补的不定式要省略不定式符号to, 但在被动语态但在被动语态后作主补时要加上后作主补时要加上to；在；在hear, see, watch等感观等感观动词后，作宾补时，用原形表示动作全过程动词后，作宾补时，用原形表示动作全过程, 用用现在分词表示当时正在发生现在分词表示当时正在发生, 若是被动语态若是被动语态, 原原形前要加上形前要加上to。 此外，表示情感的动词此外，表示情感的动词, 其分词作形容词用其分词作形容词用时时, v-ing表示表示“

11、令人令人的的”事物事物, v-ed表示人表示人“感到感到的的”。如。如surprising令人吃惊的令人吃惊的, surprised感到吃惊的。感到吃惊的。 熟读深思熟读深思 Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great honor for me to introduce1 this English speech competition. As we all know, to master2 a foreign language is very important for us. Taking part3 in English spee

12、ch is a helpful way to learn English4. Everyone wants to show5their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our listening and speaking6 ability, developing7 a good habit of learning English8. In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules made by us9. First

13、, you should make your voice heard10 clearly by everyone, so reading aloud11 is very necessary. Second, you try your best to express12 yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes. I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audien

14、ce will feel satisfied13 with our performance. Thank you! 汉语译文：汉语译文：大家下午好，很荣幸给大家介绍大家下午好，很荣幸给大家介绍本次的英语演讲比赛。我们都知道掌握一门外语本次的英语演讲比赛。我们都知道掌握一门外语对我们很重要。参加本次比赛将对学习英语有很对我们很重要。参加本次比赛将对学习英语有很大的帮助。大家都想在比赛中展现自我。当我们大的帮助。大家都想在比赛中展现自我。当我们在充分准备的过程中我们提高了自己的听说能力，在充分准备的过程中我们提高了自己的听说能力，养成了学英语的良好习惯。养成了学英语的良好习惯。 在比赛过程中，大家

15、必须遵守我们定制的以在比赛过程中，大家必须遵守我们定制的以下规则。第一，必须要让大家能清楚地听到你的下规则。第一，必须要让大家能清楚地听到你的演讲，因此大声朗读是非常必要的；第二，要尽演讲，因此大声朗读是非常必要的；第二，要尽力做到流利地用英语表达你的思想。最后，你必力做到流利地用英语表达你的思想。最后，你必 须在五分钟之内完成你的演讲。须在五分钟之内完成你的演讲。 我坚信，我们的赛事将会取得圆满成功，观我坚信，我们的赛事将会取得圆满成功，观众也会对选手们的表现感到满意！谢谢大家！众也会对选手们的表现感到满意！谢谢大家！ 本文是在英语演讲比赛前的讲话本文是在英语演讲比赛前的讲话, , 讲话内容

16、讲话内容包括比赛的益处包括比赛的益处, , 比赛过程中的注意事项比赛过程中的注意事项, , 以及以及预祝比赛成功。预祝比赛成功。1. to introduce this English speech competition是是不定式作真正的主语，不定式作真正的主语，it是形式主语。是形式主语。2. to master a foreign language也是不定式作主语。也是不定式作主语。3. Taking part in English speech是动名词短语作是动名词短语作主语。主语。4. to learn English 是不定式作定语，修饰是不定式作定语，修饰way。5. to sh

17、ow their best是不定式作宾语，在是不定式作宾语，在want, hope, decide等动词后，若用动词作宾语，只能用等动词后，若用动词作宾语，只能用不定式。不定式。6. listening and speaking在动名词作定语，修饰在动名词作定语，修饰ability，表示类别。，表示类别。 非谓语动词是高考语法填空的必考点。非谓语动词是高考语法填空的必考点。解答此类试题首先要通过句子的结构分析解答此类试题首先要通过句子的结构分析确定是不是非谓语动词确定是不是非谓语动词, 然后就要根据非然后就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如：如：

18、1. 作主语或宾语作主语或宾语, 就用动名词就用动名词(一般一般)或不定或不定式形式式形式(具体具体)； 非谓语动词与广东高考非谓语动词与广东高考 2. 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语作目的状语或在形容词后作状语, 用用动词不定式；动词不定式；3. 作伴随状语或作定语作伴随状语或作定语, 要根据与逻辑要根据与逻辑主语的关系主语的关系, 用现在分词或过去分词；用现在分词或过去分词；4. 有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/notice sb. do/doing sth., spend. doing sth.等。等。请根据以上技巧请根据以上技巧, 完成以下与

19、非谓语动词相关的完成以下与非谓语动词相关的历年高考试题。历年高考试题。1. (2012年年)Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear) sun glasses. 因已有谓语动词因已有谓语动词appeared，动词，动词wear前又没有前又没有并列连词，即并列连词，即wear不是并列谓语，它应是非谓不是并列谓语，它应是非谓语动词，作状语语动词，作状语, 表示伴随情况表示伴随情况; 又因又因he与与wear是主动关系，故用现在分词。是主动关系，故用

20、现在分词。 wearing2. (2011年年) I noticed a man 18 _ (sit)at the front.已有谓语动词已有谓语动词noticed, 且且sit前没有并列连词前没有并列连词, 因此因此, sit是非谓语动词是非谓语动词; 由固定句式由固定句式notice sb. doing/do sth. (注意到某人在做注意到某人在做/做了某事做了某事) 可知可知, 填填sitting或或sit, 但我们认为但我们认为, 根据文中提供的情境根据文中提供的情境, 不难推出不难推出, 作者作者“注意到注意到”时时, 那个人是那个人是“正坐在正坐在”作者前作者前面的面的, 故填

21、故填sitting更准确、更切实际、也更生动。更准确、更切实际、也更生动。sitting/sit3. (2010年年) He spit it out, _(say) it was awful.因句中已有谓语因句中已有谓语spit, 此处又没有连词此处又没有连词, say不是并列谓语不是并列谓语, 而是非谓语动词而是非谓语动词; 又又因因he与与say是主动关系是主动关系, 故用现在分词作故用现在分词作伴随状语。伴随状语。saying4. (2009年年) She wished that he was as easy_ (please) as her mother, who was always

22、 delighted with perfume.句中已有谓语句中已有谓语was easy了了, please应为非谓应为非谓语动词语动词; 因在形容词后作状语因在形容词后作状语, 只能用动只能用动词不定式词不定式, 故填故填to please。 to please5. (2008年年) For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.4. 作目的状语作目的状语, 用动词不定式。用动词不定式。to help6. (2007年年) Finally, I

23、accepted the offer of an old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room.由由settle sb.into/in/on.(使某人舒服地处于使某人舒服地处于某处某处)可知可知, me与与settle是被动关系是被动关系, 要用过要用过去分词用宾补。又如：去分词用宾补。又如：A nurse settled the old man into a chair.护士让那位老人舒舒护士让那位老人舒舒服

24、服地坐在椅子上。服服地坐在椅子上。settled1. Simon made a big bamboo box _ _(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.这句中的这句中的make表示表示“做做; 制造制造”, 其后其后的不定式为目的状语。句意为的不定式为目的状语。句意为: 西蒙做西蒙做了一个大竹盒子来养这只有病的小鸟了一个大竹盒子来养这只有病的小鸟, 等它能飞的时候再放走它。等它能飞的时候再放走它。 tokeep灵活运用灵活运用2. His first book _(publish) next month is based on a tru

25、e story.根据句中的根据句中的next month可知是将出版可知是将出版, 故要用不定故要用不定式式; 又因为又因为book与与publish之间为被动关系之间为被动关系, 故要用故要用不定式的被动式。不定式的被动式。3. Lydia doesnt feel like _(study) abroad. Her parents are old. 因为因为feel like中的中的like是介词。根据英语语法，介是介词。根据英语语法，介词后接动词一般要用动名词。词后接动词一般要用动名词。to be publishedstudying4. Sarah pretended to be chee

26、rful, _ (say) nothing about the argument.现在分词短语现在分词短语saying nothing about.为伴随状语为伴随状语, 句意为句意为: 莎拉假装开心莎拉假装开心, 对那次争论什么也没说。对那次争论什么也没说。saying5. I had great difficulty _(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.因因have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定句式为固定句式, 其意其意为为“做某事有困难做某事有困难”。finding6. It ra

27、ined heavily in the south, _ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.“引起严重水灾引起严重水灾”是是“下大雨下大雨”的的自然结果自然结果, 作结果状语作结果状语, 用现在分词用现在分词作状语。作状语。causing.与与which caused.相当。相当。causing7.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety se

28、at.因因young children与与weigh是主动关系是主动关系, 故用故用现在分词作定语。句中介词短语现在分词作定语。句中介词短语under.和和现在分词短语现在分词短语weighing.一起作定语一起作定语, 修饰修饰young children。weighing8. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ (stop) talking while she works. 因为因为cant stand(不能忍受不能忍受)后习惯上要接动词的后习惯上要接动词的-ing形式形式; 又因又因r

29、efuse后要求接带后要求接带to的不定式。的不定式。workingto stop9. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _(repair).在表示在表示“需要需要”的的need后要接动词后要接动词-ing形式的主形式的主动形式动形式, 或用不定式的被动式。或用不定式的被动式。10. Isnt it time you got down to _ (mark) the papers？ 因为因为get down to中的中的to是介词是介词, 后面应接动词的后面应接动词的-i

30、ng形式。形式。repairing/to be repairedmarking11. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _(set) up some schools for poor children.因因devote.to.中中to是介词是介词, 接动词接动词-ing形式形式; all是是devote的宾语的宾语, he had是省略了关系代是省略了关系代词词that的定语从句的定语从句, 修饰修饰all。setting12. Tsinghua University, _ (found) in 1911, is home to

31、 a great number of outstanding figures.由于由于Tsinghua University(清华大学清华大学)与与found(成立成立)之间为被动关系之间为被动关系, 即清华大即清华大学被成立于学被成立于1911年年, 故用过去分词。故用过去分词。 founded13. Li Jian put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ (remind) of his own dreams.该考点涉及的搭配是该考点涉及的搭配是remind sb. of sth. (提醒某人记住或想起某事提

32、醒某人记住或想起某事), 显然空格前显然空格前的的himself与动词与动词remind之间存在着被动之间存在着被动关系关系, 故选过去分词。故选过去分词。 reminded14. _(offer)an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.由于句子主语由于句子主语Andy与动词与动词offer之间为之间为被动关系被动关系(即即Andy被人提供了某物被人提供了某物), 故故用过去分词。用过去分词。Offered15. Even the best writers sometimes find t

33、hemselves _(lost) for words.由于由于lose是及物动词是及物动词, 其后本应有宾语其后本应有宾语, 但句但句中的空格后没有出现宾语中的空格后没有出现宾语, 这说明这说明lose要用过要用过去分词；本句意：即使最优秀的作家有时也去分词；本句意：即使最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们找不到合适的文字来表达自己的会发现他们找不到合适的文字来表达自己的意思。意思。lost16. Claire had her luggage _ (check) an hour before her plane left.考查考查“have+名词名词+非谓语动词非谓语动词”结构。由于结构。由于her

34、 luggage（她的行李）与（她的行李）与check（检查）（检查）之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：在飞机出发前在飞机出发前1小时克莱尔携带的行李接受小时克莱尔携带的行李接受了检查。了检查。checked17. Im calling to enquire about the position _(advertise) in yesterdays China Daily.由于由于position(职位职位) 与与 advertise(登广告登广告) 之间为被动关系之间为被动关系, 且广告昨天已经刊发且广告昨天已经刊发了了, 故用动词故用动词-ed形式

35、作定语。形式作定语。advertised18. Alexander tried to get his work _ (recognize) in the medical circles.因因“宾语宾语(his work)”与其后的与其后的recognize (承认承认)是被动关系是被动关系, 故用动词故用动词-ed形式。形式。recognized19. _ (see)from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.由于由于the south foot与与see之间为被动关系，故用动之间为被动

36、关系，故用动词词-ed形式作状语。形式作状语。Seen20. A great number of students _ (question) said they were forced to practise the piano.由于由于students与与question(提问提问,询问询问) 之间为被动之间为被动关系关系, 故用动词故用动词-ed形式作定语。形式作定语。 questioned1.Walking in the street, I saw him._walking in the street, I saw him.2.Working hard, you will succeed

37、. _, you will succeed. _, and you will succeed.二、句型转换二、句型转换Work hard When/While/As (I was) If/As long as/So long as you work hard3. Being ill, she stayed at home. _, she stayed at home. She stayed at home _ill. She stayed at home _ her illness.because of/due to As she was illbecause she was4. Having

38、 failed many times, he didnt lose heart. _ failed many times, he didnt lose heart. _ by failure many times, he didnt lose heart.Although beaten/defeated Although he had5. His rich parents died, leaving him a lot of money.His rich parents died and _ him a lot of money.6. Given more time, we could do

39、it much better._, we could do it much better.If we were given more timeleft7. When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head._, he lowered his head.8. Scolded by the teacher, the girl sat there feeling sorry._, the girl sat there feeling sorry.As she was scolded by the teacherAsked what ha

40、d happened9.Left at home alone, John didnt feel afraid at all._, John didnt feel afraid at all.10.The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom, _.Although he was left at home aloneby a group of studentsfollowed11. The plastic bottles

41、 which have been used already can be recycled.The plastic bottles _ can be recycled.12. An old man, dressed like a beggar, entered the restaurant and sat down at the table.An old man, _ like a beggar, entered the restaurant and sat down at the table.who was dressedused already My sister, Paula, and

42、her husband, Chris, had just finished 1_(tuck) their young ones into bed one evening when they heard crying 2 _(come) from the childrens room. 3 _(rush) in, they found Tommy 4 _(cry) hysterically (歇斯底里地歇斯底里地). He had accidentally swallowed a 5 p piece and was sure he was going to die. (1)tucking com

43、ing Rushing crying No amount of 5 _(talk) could change his mind. 6 _(try) to calm him, Chris palmed a 5p coin that he happened to have in his pocket and pretended 7 _ (remove) it from Tommys ear. Tommy, naturally, was 8 _(delight). In a flash, he snatched it from his fathers hand, swallowed it and d

44、emanded cheerfully“Do it again, Dad!” talking Trying to remove delighted (1)(1)本文讲一个小孩因不小心吞下一本文讲一个小孩因不小心吞下一枚枚5 5便士的硬币便士的硬币, ,害怕得歇斯底里地哭叫害怕得歇斯底里地哭叫, ,父亲机智地哄得小孩安静下来。父亲机智地哄得小孩安静下来。1. tucking 因为因为finish要接名词或动名词作要接名词或动名词作宾语宾语 。2. coming 现在分词短语作宾补，现在分词短语作宾补，hear crying coming from(听到哭声来自听到哭声来自)，强调动作的进行。强调动

45、作的进行。3. Rushing 现在分词短语作时间状语，相现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句当于时间状语从句When they rushed in。4. crying 现在分词短语作宾补现在分词短语作宾补to find sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事。发现某人正在做某事。5. talking 动名词作介词动名词作介词of的宾语。的宾语。6. Trying 现在分词短语作原因状语。现在分词短语作原因状语。7. to remove 根据根据pretended to do sth可知。可知。8. delighted 过去分词形容词化了过去分词形容词化了, 作表语作表语,表示表示“

46、感到高兴的感到高兴的”。 Prime Minister Chang was happy enough to write, but he didnt put in a lot of care into his brush strokes (笔墨技巧笔墨技巧). Everybody laughed at his bad handwriting, and the Prime Minister himself really didnt care. One day Chang thought of a beautiful sentence and at once wielded（挥动）（挥动）his 1

47、 _(write) brush to write it down, indeed, there were dragons flying and snakes dancing all over the paper. Then he ordered his secretary 2 _(write) it out neatly.(2)writing to write When 3 _(begin) to copy, his secretary stared tongue-tied (说不出话来说不出话来) and did not know where to start. The young man

48、had to take the manuscript back to the Prime Minister. “Prime Minister Chang, I cant read your handwriting, please tell me what words they are.”The Prime Minister read his cursive handwriting (草书草书) a long time, 4 _(wonder) what Chinese characters they were. He then turned 5 _(blame) his secretary.

49、“Why didnt you come earlier 6 _(ask) me? I myself have forgotten the words which Ive written.”It was really a satisfying story! Dont you think its 7 _(amuse)?beginning wondering to blame to ask amusing (2) 本文是一个笑语，讲一个首相书法龙本文是一个笑语，讲一个首相书法龙飞凤舞，连自己也不认识自己写的是什么。飞凤舞，连自己也不认识自己写的是什么。1.writing 动名词作定语，表示用途，修饰

50、动名词作定语，表示用途，修饰brush。writing brush指指“毛笔毛笔”。2. to write 由由order sb to do sth句式可知，用不句式可知，用不定式作宾补。定式作宾补。3. beginning 由由his secretary 与与begin是主动关系，是主动关系，故用故用“连词连词when +现在分词现在分词”作状语，相当于作状语，相当于When his secretary began to copy。4. wondering 因因The Prime Minister与与wonder是主动关系，与谓语动词是主动关系，与谓语动词read同时同时发生，故用现在分词短语作状语，表示伴发生，故用现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况。随情况。5. to blame 因因to blame his secretary是是turned的目的，作目的状语要用不定式。的目的，作目的状语要用不定式。6. to ask 不定式短语作目的状语。不定式短语作目的状语。7. amusing现在分词用作形容词，在句中作现在分词用作形容词，在句中作表语，表示表语，表示“令人有趣的，好笑的令人有趣的，好笑的”。