2012年全国高考英语试题及答案-湖北卷

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1、2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）英 语本试题卷共16页，81题。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用统一提供的2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。3. 完成句子和短文写作题的作答：用统一提供的签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。4. 考生必须保持答题卡

2、的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. 19.15 B. 9.15 C. 9.18答案：B1. What is the problem for the man?A. H

3、e has to meet many people.B. He has to leave his friends.C. He has to travel a lot.2. How does the man think of the book?A. Humorous. B. Scientific. C. Popular.3. Whats the matter with the woman?A. She has caught a bad cold.B. She stayed online too long.C. She is allergic to paint smell.4. What does

4、 the man suggest the woman do?A. Consult a repair shop. B. Purchase another car.C. Fix the car herself.5. In which year is the man in collegenow?A. The first year.B. The second year.C. The third year.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间

5、阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What has the woman ordered for herself?A. Milk.B. Juice.C. Coffee. 7. Why does the man recommend strawberry juice?A. Its sweeter.B. Its fresher.C. Its colder.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Why is Jane upset?A. Davidfell in love with her.B. Kevin made

6、up stories about her.C. She made a mistake in calculation.9. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Father and daughter.C. Employer and employee.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. How far away is Hill Farm? A. Nearly a mile.B. Just one mile.C. More than a mile.11. Which i

7、s the route to Hill Farm?A. Left trackbridgeroad.B. Roadleft trackbridge.C. Bridgeroadleft track.12. What would the man like the woman to do towards the end of the conversation?A. Give him a ride.B. Repeat what she said.C. Walk him to Hill Farm.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What is the woman doing? A. Hostin

8、g a TV show.B. Giving a lecture on poetry.C. Conducting a radio debate.14.How did the mans mother contribute to his success in poetry?A. She sent him to poetry classes.B. She taught him to write business plans.C. She asked him to read from early childhood. 15. What does the man find most difficult i

9、n writing? A. Choosing the right words. B. Describing real experiences. C. Getting an appropriate opportunity.16. What does the man say about his own writing? A. Creative.B. Successful. C. Encouraging.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. How do students enter the library?A. With a library account. B. With a studen

10、t card.C. With a password.18. What is the maximum number of books current students can borrow?A. 12.B. 11.C. 9.19. What kind of books have to be returned within one week?A. Books borrowed by local residents. B. Books liked by a lot of people.C. Books published recently.20. What will the speaker do n

11、ext?A. Tell the students where to get bottled water.B. Take the students on a campus tour.C. Show the students around the library.第二部分：词汇知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节：多项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to kno

12、w their _ and weaknessesA. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values答案：A21. Two lawyershave donated $50,000 to _ our schools campaign “Help the Needy”,which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.A. sponsorB. launchC. organize D. plan22. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has o

13、ffered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and _ every page of my draft.A. approvedB. quotedC. polishedD. folded23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to _ his courage.A. hold upB. keep up C. set upD. take up24. Im so glad youve come here to _ this matter in person.A.lead toB. see

14、 to C. turn toD. refer to25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home.A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place26. “Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to seewhat we can do a

15、bout it,” Father suggested _ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem. A. tentativelyB. thoughtlesslyC.definitelyD. rudely27. Can you tell the _ difference between the words “require” and “request”? I sometimes get puzzledbytheir meanings. A. dramaticB. regionalC. apparentD. subtle28. Whe

16、ther the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained _; people are still looking for other possible solutions.A. unchallengedB. relevantC. controversial D.contradictory29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.

17、A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow30.The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _ in applying for a visa.A. patternB. procedureC. programD. perspective第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I tend to accept any idea put forwar

18、d by expertson TV. One day, a sociologist proposed that the 31 society has been consuming modern humans little by little. For fear thatI would become a victim of the consumer society, I 32 hurried to a bicycle shop in my neighborhood. 33 the shopkeeper Mr. Johnson was selling me the bicycle, he said

19、, “This is the best thing you 34 have done. Life has become hopelessly 35 . A bicycle is simple, and it brings to you 36 things: fresh air, sunshine and exercise.”I agreed. Happy as a child, I got on the bicycle and headed out onto the streets. After some time, I 37 at the other end of the town. I w

20、as 38 that this simple vehicle could let me 39 long distances in a fairly short time.But how 40 did I really go?Since I hated to be 41 , I went back to Mr. Johnson and asked him to 42 an odometer (里程表) on my bicycle. He agreed, but 43 , “An odometer without a speedometer (速度计) is like a 44 without a

21、 knife.”I admitted he was right and in a few minutes, the two devices (装置) were 45 to the handlebars of my bicycle.“What about a horn?” he then asked. “Look, this horn is no larger than a matchbox and has many 46 .” Attracted by these functions, I bought the horn.“You cant leave the back part 47 ,”

22、noted Mr. Johnson. He fixed a metal box with buttons 48 the seat, and said, “Is there anything better than this oven when you feel 49 on your way? I can give you a special discount.”I was not strong enough to 50 the offer.“I congratulate you once more; this is the best thing you could have done,” sa

23、id Mr. Johnson in the end.31.A. adultB. humanC. consumer D. bachelor 32.A. eventuallyB. immediatelyC. reluctantlyD. gratefully33.A. AlthoughB. BecauseC. AsD. Unless34.A. wouldB. shouldC. mustD. could35.A. boringB. complicatedC. stressfulD. tough36.A. naturalB. mysteriousC. complexD. unique 37.A. gav

24、e upB. broke downC. calmed downD. ended up38.A. amazedB. amusedC. confusedD. concerned39.A. marchB. driveC. coverD. measure40.A. farB. longC. fast D. deep41.A. unreliableB. impracticalC. unprepared D. inaccurate42.A. fixB. checkC. repair D. lay43.A. sworeB. addedC. replied D. concluded44.A. pencilB.

25、 forkC. box D. cake45.A. distributedB. convertedC. applied D. attached46.A. shapesB. sizesC. functionsD. models47.A. looseB. blankC. bareD. incomplete48.A. besideB. beforeC. below D. behind49.A. sickB. hungryC. hot D. thirsty50.A. considerB. withdrawC. make D. resist 第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列

26、短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AYouve just come home, after living abroad for a few years. Since youve beenaway, has this country changed for the betteror forthe worse?If youve just arrived back in the UK after a fortnights holiday, small changes have probably surprised youanything

27、from a local greengrocer suddenly being replaced by a mobile-phone shop to someone in your street moving house.So how have things changed to people coming back to Britain after seven, ten or even 15 years living abroad? What changes in society can they see that the rest of us have hardly noticedor n

28、ow take for granted? To find out, we asked somepeople who recently returned.Debi: When we left, Cheltenham, my home town, was a town of white, middle-class familiesall very conservative (保守的). The town is now home to many eastern Europeans and lots of Australians, who come here mainly to work in hot

29、els and tourism.There are even several shops only for foreigners.Having been an immigrant (移民) myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job. Maybe if I lived in an inner city where unemployment was high, Id think differently, but I believe foreign settlers have improved this country because

30、 theyre more open-minded and often work harderthan the natives.Christine: As we flew home over Britain, both of us remarked how green everything looked. But the differences between the place wed left behind and the one we returned to were brought sharply into focus as soon as we landed.To see police

31、men with guns in the airport for the first time was frighteningin Cyprus, theyre very relaxedand I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metal-made buttons out of my case in the arrivals hall. Everyone seemed to be on guard. Even the airport car-hire firm wan

32、ted a credit card rather than cash because they said their vehicles had been used by bank robbers.But anyway, this is still a green, beautiful country. I just wish more people would appreciate what theyve got.51. After a short overseas holiday, people tend to _.A. notice small changesB. expect small

33、 changes C. welcome small changes D. exaggerate small changes52. How does Debi look at the foreign settlers?A. Cautiously.B. Positively.C. Sceptically.D. Critically.53. When arriving at the airport in Britain, Christine was shocked by _.A. the relaxed policemenB. the messy arrivals hallC. the tight

34、securityD. the bank robbers54. Which might be the best title for the passage?A. Life in Britain. B. Back in Britain.C. Britain in Future. D. Britain in Memory.BWhen my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days. It goes like this: You cant take any means of transportation

35、more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. Wed take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the tram, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didnt like the way the horses were treated, s

36、o we never did.At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Moms friend was waiting to give us a ride homeour first car ride of the day.The good thingabout Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She under

37、stood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidencethe product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels. Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. N

38、ew cities are just light-rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolboxand often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet.On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, b

39、ut the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise haveparalyzedmy first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it c

40、osts? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, wheres the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river?Im writing this right now on an airplane, ameans we didnt try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most poll

41、uting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me.55. Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days? A. Having a car ride. B. Taking the train twice.C. Buying more than one toy.D. Touring the historic dist

42、rict.56. According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days?A. Building confidence in herself.B. Reducing her use of private cars.C. Developing her sense of direction. D. Giving her knowledge about vehicles.57. The underlined word “paralyzed” (in Para. 5) is closest in

43、 meaning to “_”.A. displayedB. justifiedC. ignoredD. ruined58. Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?A. Airplane.B. Subway. C. Tram.D. Car.CIt was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotlands oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher educa

44、tion.A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St AndrewsUniversity has been discovered by researchers.Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was re

45、leased yesterday on International Womens Day.The document was discovered buried in the university archives (档案) by part-time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research.She said: “We knew that Sophia Jex-Blake and her supporters, in th

46、eir effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senatus Academicus (校评议委员会) at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didnt know documentary evidence existed.While searching the archives for information about the universitys highe

47、r certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote.”In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at

48、 St Andrews.Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literatein Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women.The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were

49、admitted as students.It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874.She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in

50、January 1877.Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice.59. Sophia wrote a letter to St AndrewsUniversity because she wanted _.A. to carry out a research project there B. to set up a medical institute thereC. to study medicine there D. to deliver lectures there60. Lis Smith

51、found Sophias letter to St AndrewsUniversity _.A. by pure chanceB. in the school officeC. with her supporters helpD. while reading history books61. Sophias letter resulted in the establishment of _.A. the LondonSchool of Medicine for WomenB. a degree programme for womenC. a system of medical educati

52、onD. the University of Berne62. When did St AndrewsUniversity begin to take full-time women students?A. In 1873.B. In 1874.C. In 1877.D. In 1892.DHow is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for

53、a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival.The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in

54、a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping forceas early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and s

55、isters are a lasting force in each others lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children arent getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesnt mean that the younger children

56、 have problems with language development. Later-borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.A CambridgeUniv

57、ersity study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.One way children seek more

58、attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a

59、maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents

60、. 63. The underlinedpart “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means“_”.A. in a different family environmentB. in a different family tradition C. in different family crisesD. in different families64. In terms of language development, later-borns _.A. get their parents individual guidance B. learn a l

61、ot from their elder siblingsC. experience a lot of difficulties D. pick up words more quickly65. What was found about fights among siblings? A. Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. B. Siblings in some familiesfought frequently. C. Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. D. Siblingslea

62、rned to get on together from fights.66. The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means“_”. A. having qualities of parents B. having qualities of women C. having defensive qualities D. having extraordinary qualities EBrrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busyweekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort ofmood, who can