情态动词用法
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1、1、 在虚拟语气中的用法1. should have done 过去本应该做某事却未做shouldnt have done 过去本不该做某事却做了2. ought to have done 过去本应该做某事却未做oughtnt to have done 过去本不该做某事却做了3. need have done 过去本有必要做某事却未做neednt have done 过去本没必要做某事却做了4. could (不能用 can) have done 过去本能够做某事却未做。注意:其否定形式 couldnt have done 没有虚拟语气的用法,couldnt have done 只能表推测,相
2、当于 cant have done,意为:“过去不可能做了某事。”5. might (不能用 may) have done 过去本可以做某事却未做注意:其否定形式 might not have done 没有虚拟语气的用法,might not have done 只能表推测,相当于 may not have done,意为:“过去可能没有做某事。”二、表推测的用法1. must have done精选文档表示对过去某事的肯定猜测,译为:过去肯定做了某事。不存在 mustnt have done 的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用 can(could) 来表示. 例如:Since the road i
3、s wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的,那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。He cant have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。我(当时)给他画了张图。“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?” 词典不见了,(过去)谁可能把它拿走了?2. may / might have done may / might have done 表示“过去可能做了某事”。may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。may/might n
4、ot have done表示“过去可能没有做某事。”例如: I cant find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad.约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤。注意:may/might have done表推测不能用于疑问句中。3. can/could have done 表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中,表示不相信或怀疑的态度。Can/Coul
5、d he have passed the exam?他可能通过了考试吗?精选文档I think that he couldnt/cant have gone abroad. I saw him just now.我认为他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must 最大,could 其次,may 更次之,might 最小。例如: 英语里形容词的比较级有三个等级,原级(positive degree)as+原级+as.如:Im as tall as my twin brother.我和我的双胞胎哥哥一样高.比较级(comparative
6、degree)比较级+than. 如:My father is younger than my uncle.我的父亲比我的伯父年轻.最高级(superlative degree)The+ 最高级1. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (2000 北京春季)A. might B. should C. can D. will 答案为 A。表推测的用法。句意:对不起,我迟到了。我(当时)兴许是关了闹钟又回去睡觉了。might 相当于 may, 但语气更加不肯定。精选文档2.
7、 I was really anxious about you. You_ home without a word. (01 全国)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave答案为 B。虚拟语气用法。句意:我(那时)真地很担心你。你本不应该不留个话就离开家。3. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. (04 福建)Aought to tell Bwould have told Cmust tell Dsh
8、ould have told答案为 D。虚拟语气用法。句意:-我明天要告诉她我的新工作的情况。 -你本应该上周告诉她。4. Tom graduated from college at a very young age. Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then. (04 全国IV) A. could B. should C. might D. must答案为 D。表推测的用法。句意:汤姆很年轻的时候就大学毕业了。哦,他肯定是一个很聪明的男孩儿。5. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt b
9、e enjoying himself by the seaside. (05 北京卷) A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant答案为 B。用法同4题。句意:他肯定做完了工作,不然他就不会在海边痛快地玩儿了。精选文档6. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He have gone farhis coats still here. (05湖北卷)Ashouldnt Bmustnt Ccant Dwouldnt答案为 C。表推测的用法。句意:你知道大卫在哪儿吗?我哪儿也找不到
10、他。瞧,他不可能走远他的上衣还在这儿呢。cant 相当与 couldnt,但后者语气更加委婉。 四、练习1. The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties! (05 江苏卷) A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through2. I have lo
11、st one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. (05 北京春季)A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped 3. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. (04 广西) A. should have arrived B. should arrive精选文档C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving4. He paid
12、for a seat, when he _ have entered free. (05 山东卷)A. could B. would C. must D. need5. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? Something _ to him. (05 江西卷) Amust happen Bshould have happened Ccould have happened Dmust have happened6. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (05 天津卷)A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt7. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. (05 辽宁卷)Ashould put Bcould have put Cmight put Dmust have putKey: D B A A D B D (注:可编辑下载,若有不当之处,请指正,谢谢!) 精选文档
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