高中情态动词练习题讲解学习

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1、精品文档情态动词与虚拟语气虚拟语气的重点是：1一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。2虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。3主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。4含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目， 而在阅读理解里， 我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。下面我们将

2、主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型（1）由 wish 引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气A 用 wish 表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be 动词用 were）。B用wish 表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,could,might+动词原形。C wish 用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have + 动词过去分词。The picture exhibition bored me to death; I

3、 wish I had not gone to it.-“ I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”-“ That s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”I wish that he weren t so lazy.(2)had hoped 引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+ 动词原形， 表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but h

4、is son became an artist later.(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和 would prefer 所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：I d rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。I would prefer he didn t stay there 我too倒long希望.他不要在那儿可得太久。I would just as soon you had return

5、ed the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。（4）It s (high, about) time that句型中 that 从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。It s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.It is high time that weput an end to this discussion. 现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。（ 5）as, 或者 whether or 谓语多用 be 的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：Church

6、as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.（6）由连接词 in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that 引起的状语从句中， 谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即 should(might, would)+ 动词原

7、形，例如：She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯精品文档精品文档子以免他着凉。The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(7) if it were not for与现在事 实相反，if it had not been for 与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for ：If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we wou

8、ld not have succeeded.(8) 虚拟语气用于as if（ though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish 宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out asbrightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above. 她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们交谈

9、着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。She looks as if she would cry. 她看起来好像要哭了。(9) 其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only 等等If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.二、特殊形式的虚拟语气虚拟语气的特殊形式， 即用来表示要求、 建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由

10、should( 可省略 )+动词原形 that 从句。A 、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that 宾语从句中，这类动词有：ask 要求advise 建议arrange 安排beg 请求command 命令decide 决定demand 要求desire 渴望determine 决定insist 坚持intend 打算maintain 坚持主张move 建议，动员propose 提议object 反对order 命令prefer 建议require 需要request 要求resolve 下决心recommend 推荐suggest 建议stipulate 约定，规定urge

11、 强调，促进vote 公认，提议decree 颁布（法令）pray 请求注意：这类动词后面除了可接that 虚拟句以外，也可以接doing 或者 to do 来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语）She advised keeping the gate locked.( 较随便 )B、用于 It is+ 形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：advisable 合理的decided 决定的cr

12、ucial 关键的appropriate 恰当的determined 决定的commanded 命令的arranged 安排的essential 紧要的，基本的complied 遵照anxious 焦急的imperative 迫切的important 重要的desirable 合意的better 较好的，更好insistent 坚持的desired 想要asked 请求keen 渴望的incredible 难以置信的adamant 坚定不移的natural 自然的insisted 坚持necessary 必要的suggested 建议urgent 紧迫的ordered 命令shocked 震惊

13、的vital 极其重要的possible 可能的strange 奇怪的preferable （好一点）proposed 提议requested 要求的required 要求的recommended 推荐resolved 决定的probable（可能的）pity 可惜，憾事shame 遗憾注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that 虚拟句以外，也可以for to do来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。It is essential that he should be prepared for this.精品文档精品文档It is essential for him to be prepared f

14、or this.C用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：advice 忠告decision 决定demand 要求desire 要求、愿望insistence 坚持motion 提议necessity 必要性order 命令preference 偏爱proposal 提议pray 恳求recommendation 推荐request 要求requirement 要求resolution 决心suggestion 劝告、忠告例如：This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities

15、 be made part of their school life. 这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record. 该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。三、混合虚拟语气有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下， 主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多

16、数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是我解题的关键。If youthat late movie last night, you wouldn t be so sleepy.A. haven t watched B. didn t watchC. hadn t watched D. wouldn t have watched答案选 C。Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.Had Paul received six more votes in the last ele

17、ction, he would be our chairman now.混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupiedthe whole of last week.该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-u

18、p examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟（如果你去并且解释的话），但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了 ”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式hadbeen。四、含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if 引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：（ 1）介词或介词短语，如 but for, but that, without,

19、 in case of, under more favorable condition等。the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn tleadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.A. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for答案选 B。But that she was afraid, she would have said no.(2) 连词，如： s

20、o that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若 )， for fear that( 唯恐 )， in order that, on condition that, if only( 要是 就好了 )等。精品文档精品文档She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted. If only I h

21、ad more money, I could buy a car.( 注： lest, for fear that和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur. 在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。（ 3）通过上下文及内在含

22、义，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately 等类似转折词。I thought the childrenwhen we returned home, but they were still awake.A. were sleepingB. would be sleepingC. had been sleepingD. would sleep 选择B 。(4) 形容词及其比较级A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.A less conscientious man wouldn t have

23、 tried so hard to get this job done.(5) 分词短语Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.(6) 动词不定式短语。一般 intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+ 不定式完成式或 had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+ 不定式一般式表示虚拟。I intended

24、 I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman.She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.It would be easier to do it this way.(7) 名词短语和名词 +and 结构A judicious man would not have committed suicide.A diligent student would have wo

25、rked harder.(8) 独立主格结构All things considered, the price would be reasonable.(9) 定语从句Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight.(10）情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气：I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn t.The porte

26、r ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.(11)动词原形表示虚拟动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟， 最常见于正式文体中， 动词原形一般用在条件从句中，有时倒装置于句首，同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。God bless you!All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.She ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come

27、May =when May come). If that be so, we shall take action at once. /鼓励精品文档精品文档1.It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. would2.You _ be hungry already - you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldn tB. cantC. mustntD. neednt3. - What do you

28、 think we can do for our aged parents?- You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.A. don thave toB. oughtn ttoC. mustntD. cant4.John promised his doctor he _not smoke. And he has never smoked ever since.A. mightB. shouldC. couldD. would5.What a pity! Considering his ability and experi

29、ence, he _ better.A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done6.Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling.A. willB. canC. mustD. may7.She _ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. can tB. wouldn tC. shouldn tD. neednt8.According to the air traffic

30、rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should9. - I can tfind my purse anywhere.- You _ have lost it while shopping.A. mayB. canC. shouldD. would10. - I m sorry. I _ at you the other day.- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldn tshoutB. shou

31、ldn thave shoutedC. mustntshoutD. mustn thave shouted11. - What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?- Well, it _ be big - that s not important.A. mustn tB. needntC. cantD. won t12. - What does the sign over there read?- “No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in t

32、his area. ”A. willB. mayC. shallD. must13. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be bring; and pilots often _ work at inconvenient.A. can; have toB. may; canC. have to; mayD. ought to; must14. My MP4 player isn tin my bag. Where _ I have put it?A. canB. mustC. shouldD. would15. The weather turned out to be

33、 fine yesterday, I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. should have takenB. could have takenC. neednthave takenD. mustn thave taken16. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you _ take care of your luggage.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will17. - She looks very happy. She _ have passe

34、d the exam.- I guess so. It s not difficult after all.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might18. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _ have driven her there.A. couldB. mustC. mightD. should19. - Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Dontforget it!-OK, I _.精品

35、文档精品文档A. won tB. don tC. cantD. neednt20. - How is your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?- It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. willB. wouldC. shouldD. must21. The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.A.

36、shan tB. cantC. needntD. mustn t22. - Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.- You _ it in the wrong place.A. must putB. should have putC. might putD. might have put23. - What s the name?- Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you?A. ShallB. WouldC. CanD. Might24. - Who is the girl standi

37、ng over there ?- Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel.A. mayB. canC. mustD. shall25. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustn thave leftB. shouldn thave leftC. couldn thave leftD. neednthave left26. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ have

38、attended your lecture.A. couldn tB. needntC. mustntD. shouldn t27. - Are you coming to Jeff s party?- I m not sur. I _ go to the concert instead.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might28. Johnny, you _ play with the knife. You _ hurt yourself.A. won t; cantB. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; mustD. cant; shouldn t2

39、9. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. shouldn tB. cannotC. mustntD. neednt30. - Is John coming by train?- He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. mustB. mayC. canD. need31. - Will you stay for lunch?- Sorry, I _. My brother is coming to see me.A

40、. mustn tB. cantC. needntD. won t32. Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.A. oughtn ttoB. cantC. wontD. neednt33. It is raining very hard. We _ stay here until the rain stops.A. dareB. mustC. have toD. are able to34. It s a fine day. Lets go fishing, _ ?A. wo

41、n tweB. will youC. dontyouD. shall we35. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. had better36. My brother _ come to your party tonight because he _ prepare for tomorrows exam.A. can t; shouldB. mustn t; canC. cant; mustD. mustnt;

42、had to精品文档精品文档37. English is a language that many people around the world _ not speak perfectly but _at least understand.A. would; mightB. will; mustC. might; couldD. can; may38. - _ I book a table for dinner a few days ahead of time?- Yes, you _. The restaurant is always full, especially during the

43、 holidays.A. Must; willB. Must; canC. Shall; shallD. Shall; must39. - It _ be Mary in the office.- I m sure it _ be her. I saw her off at the bus station just ten minutes ago.A. must; shouldn tB. should; can tC. must; cantD. can; mustn t40. Their answers are exactly the same - one of them _ from the

44、 other.A. must copyB. must have copiedC. should copyD. should have copied41. - _ I tell John about it?- No, you needn t. I have told him already.A. ShallB. WillC. CanD. May42. _ you please help me with my English?A. WouldB. DoC. ShallD. Can43. - Must I start at once?- No, you _.A. needn tB. mustn tC

45、. cantD. won t44. - Need I hand in my exercise book at once?- Yes, you _A. mustB. needC. canD. will45. - Could I borrow your dictionary?- Yes, of course you _.A. mightB. willC. canD. should46. - Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. I _ be Father.- It _ be him; he is supposed to be back home tomo

46、rrow.A. may; mayB. must; can tC. can; cantD. could; must47. Twenty minutes have passed; the bus _ come at any moment.A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must48. She _ have flown to Beijing last night, for I stayed with her all the time.A. mustn tB. may notC. shouldn tD. can t49. You _ the work better, but you

47、 didn ttry your best.A. must have doneB. will have doneC. could have doneD. can have done50. The light is on. We _ have forgotten to turn it off before we went out.A. shouldB. mustC. couldD. might51 May I stop my car here?No, you_ .A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. dont have to52Must we clean the house no

48、w?No, you _.A. needntB. may notC. mustntD. cant53.John _his father about his failure in the exam.A. dares not tellB. dares not tellingC. dare not tellD. dares not to tell精品文档精品文档54.You_ return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. may not55.Johnny, you _ pla

49、y with the knife, you hurt yourself.A. wont; cantB. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt, mustD. cant; shouldnt56.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to57.- Would you go out for a walk with me?- No, I_. My girl friend is coming.A. wouldntB. sh

50、all notC. wontD. shouldnt58.Man _ die without water.A. willB. canC. needD. shall59.If he started at 9 0clock, he _ be there by now.A. needB. shallC. ought toD. must60.I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She _ it.A. must receiveB. cant receiveC. might receiveD. must have received61.The professor gave

51、orders that the experiment_ before 5:30p.m.A. be finishedB. will finishC. must be finishedD. would be finished62. There was plenty of time. You_.A. mustnt hurryB. mustnt have hurriedC. neednt hurryD. neednt have hurried63. Tom was a diligent boy. He _ go to school though it was raining hard.A .was a

52、ble toB. couldC. couldntD. wasnt able to64. _I go back before lunch?No, I dont think you_.A. Need; mustB. Do; need toC. Must; have toD. May; ought to65. The teacher _ do all the exercises, but a pupil _.A. neednt; mustB. may not; mustC. neednt; needntD. cant; must66. - Would you open the window plea

53、se ?- Yes, I_.A. willB. wouldC. doD. can67. A lion _ only attacks a human being when it is hungry.A. shouldB. canC. willD. shall68. - Must I finish this novel this morning ?- No, you_.A. mustntB. might notC. dont have toD. cant69.The taxi _ only hold six passengers. It is full. You _ take the next o

54、ne.A. may.mayB. can.mayC. may.canD. must.can70.I _ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.A. may comeB. may have comeC. could have comeD. must have come71.I wish to go home now, _ I?A. mayB. cantC. mustD. do72.He must have finished his homework, _ he?精品文档精品文档A. mustntB. didntC. need

55、ntD. hasnt73.This pen looks like mine, yet it isnt. Whose _ it be?A. mustB. canC. mayD. might74.He didnt do well in the exam. He_ hard at his lessons.A. must have workedB. ought to have workedC. would have workedD. has worked75.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to sayB. dare sayingC. not

56、 dare sayD. dared say76.Mr. Baker, a number of students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside?A. ShouldB. WillC. ShallD. Are77.You _ the trees. Look, it is raining now.A. mustnt have wateredB. neednt have wateredC. could have wateredD. might have watered78.I _ give you an answer tomorrow. I promise!A. mustB. willC. mayD. shall