2012广东英语高考阅读专题-试题选项特征

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1、文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！ 阅读理解专题： 抓住试题选项特征，正确答案手到擒来！正确选项的特征：1.正确选项通常与文章中心思想，主旨大意有关；2.正确选项所在位置:（1）首段段尾句；（2）转折处；（3）因果关系处；（4）条件关系处；3.正确选项设置的特点往往利用同义词的替换，或者正话反说，反话正说；4.正确选项从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词：can，may，might，尤其是推理题的答案常这样设置，以显示推理题所论述含义的相对性；5.正确选项具有概括性、深刻性，因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。错误选项的特征：1.无中生有，乃原文中未提及的概念；2

2、.正反混淆；3.所答非所问（选项符合原文，但是不符合题干）；4.扩大范围；5.因果倒置；6.常识判断（符合常识的不一定是正确答案，但是不符合常识的一定不是正确答案）；7.过分绝对。（never/must/no+名词，若有缓和就可能不是错误的）；8.推理过头；9.变换词性；10.偷换概念（偷梁换柱）。干扰项判断技法1包含项在分析选项时，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么，我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在“松树”与“森林”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“森林”，森林包含了松树, 因为松树肯定是森林里的一种树，但松树肯定不代表森林。如：

3、Living in a residence hall carries certain obligation. You have to be considerate of others, especially during study hours. Telephone calls and visits by friends should be short. You have to cooperate in keeping the room as sanitary（卫生） as possible. It is sometimes hard to be tolerant of another per

4、sons habits that may differ from your own.() What must you learn to be tolerant of if you live in a dormitory?A. Your roommates telephone calls.B. Habits that may differ from your own.C. Visits by your roommates friends.D. Roommates who are unsanitary.再如:（）The three examples are cited to show that.A

5、. quit smoking is necessaryB. healthy habits benefit our healthC. fruits and vegetables are better than milkD. we should drink more water everyday 包含项原则预示：选项中内容全面、概况性强的，往往是正确答案。包含项还告诉我们，有时不读原文照样可以做对题，但这绝对不是瞎蒙。2 正反项两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾叫正反项。根据形式逻辑，两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一个是真的。所以在阅读中，假如四个选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项

6、，正确答案一般在A、B项当中取其一。用排除法先缩小范围，以增加得分几率。如：They feel they are poor listeners when they think about something else while the other is talking or when they are tired, or not interested in what she or he is talking about. Most people listen only with their ears. ()According to the passage, listening only wi

7、th ears may happen to us when _.A. we are emotionally tiredB. we are physically disabledC. we are so interested in the topicD. we are asked many questions如：The main problem is that our neighbor worlds appear to be unsuitable for advanced life forms. The moon may be the case first, it has hardly any

8、atmosphere. Venus is little better, but the surfaces temperature is very high. Mars with thin atmosphere and little water cannot support the living necessity of the animals. () There is unlikely any life on Venus because.Ait has very thin atmosphereBthe surface temperature is too hotCthe weather is

9、too coldDit is extremely short of water正反项原则预示: 陈述内容或基调完全相反的两选项往往有一个是正确答案。3委婉项话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有绝对语气

10、的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly，already等等。如：()According to the first two paragraphs, .A.the use of water is a completely new conceptB.the sea has already long been used as a way of powerC.water is a source of energy far more econom

11、ical than any other energiesD.water, if properly handled, may present a promising solution to energy crisis 又如：()The opinion of the writer is that.A. there may be other intelligent beings in the universeB. there are other intelligent beings in the universeC. people living on the earth are almost cer

12、tainly the only intelligent beings in the universeD. people living on the earth are definitely the only intelligent beings in the universe再如：()Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Working hard is a basic requirement of all employees.B.Good writing skills alone help you succeed i

13、n any field.C.The only qualification for getting hired by a company is good communication skills.D.While the importance of ones ability to communicate increases, his professional background may become increasingly less important.以后遇到此类干扰项（并非所有题目都可以这样的），尽管大胆作出判断！掌握了此类瞬间解题秘诀，不仅缩短了答题时间，还能保障近乎100%的准确率！这

14、就是所谓的“窍门”！4同形项几个选项如存在形式与结构上的相似，那它们就互为同形。命题人往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项里一般存在有正确答案。 如：The development of rapid transit rail lines in cities should parallel local economic development and blind construction of such lines should be avoidedIt stressed that the a

15、mount of domestically made equipment used in such infrastructure projects needs to be increased.()The rapid transit rail lines should.A. develop as quickly as possibleB. develop with local economic developmentC. develop after local economic developmentD. develop with the construction industry5常识项在议论

16、文当中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。如：Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they provide him with wood and other products; they give him shade; and they help to prevent droughts and floods. Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the third of these s

17、ervices is the most important. ()What is the most important service of trees to man according to the passage?A. They help him make money.B. They give him wood and other products.C. They help him prevent droughts and floods.D. They give him shade.再如：If Mrs Abby dies after he has paid premiums（保险费） fo

18、r one or two years only, the insurance company will lose heavily. But if she lives to the age of seventy or beyond, the insurance company will make a profit. ()According to the passage, the insurance company will make great profits.A. if the premium is increased so the company can earn more money ea

19、ch yearB. if nobody above seventy buys insurance against deathC. if most insurance buyers live longer than the average length of lifeD. if most insurance buyers live shorter than the average length of life6集合项四个选项中，如果有一项是其他两项或三项的集合，那么此集合项往往就是正确答案。其表现形式为：A and B; A, B and C; Both A and B; all of the

20、above items。如：The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the worldthe Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. ()Antarctic is surrounded by the.A. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian Ocean D. all of the above再如：I

21、n his eagerness to make money from trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And besides, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear. ()Why do forests in many parts of the world

22、 slowly disappear?A.New trees are not looked after properly.B.Many trees have been cut down by man.C.Man has not paid enough attention to planting trees.D.All of the above.注：此类命题近年少见。另注意：不论是All of the above还是Both A and B或其他形式的话，该项未必是最佳选项。这里还要考虑是否包含或正反等其他原则。7因果项阅读理解逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推

23、理题型的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理过头（止于后果），这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。如：No one should be forced to wear a uniform. Uniforms are totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniform tell the world that the person who wears

24、one has no value as an individual, that is, the individual in a uniform loses self worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a sense of identification with a more important concept. But in fact, the individual himself is the most important, if an organization is so weak that it mus

25、t rely on the uniform to inspire it members, that organization has not right to continue its existence. On the other hand, uniforms also hurt the economy. ()The authors main purpose in writing this paragraph is to.A. show that uniform are possible in a democratic societyB. advocate stronger governme

26、ntal controls on the wearing of uniformsC. convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantagesD. advocate doing away with uniforms综上所述，阅读理解干扰项设置有一定的规律可循，如果做题时能够把握干扰的特点，准确捕捉选项的错误信息点，或不合题目要求的信息点，必将起到事半功倍的作用，提高理解的准确率。特别提醒：遇到生、难的单词时：1.如果影响到文章的理解时就要根据上下文进行判断。2.不影响整体理解时可直接跳过，重要的是要相信自己能读懂。关键的句子读不懂时：关键的句子读不懂时，首先从结构角度进行缩句，找出独立的谓语动词可以帮助理解句子的主干。若连谓语动词都找不到可以借助上下文逻辑关系对这句话意思进行猜测。遇到文章完全看不懂时：遇到难的文章时可通读文章第一句话和尾段第一句话看是否能把握住前后呼应的关系猜测文章大意，与此同时快速浏览全文，充分做记号。记号点：1.显示文章结构的信息词：but, even, although, for example；2.显示作者态度的具有感情色彩的词。4 / 4