2018高考英语全国卷1精校版

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1、2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world -famous cherry trees with bea

2、utiful flowers ofWashington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike tour

3、and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore themonuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursM

4、orning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experienceWashington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bi

5、kes and a smooth tour route（路线 ） make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours （7 miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close tothe monuments and memorials as you bike

6、 the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops aremade for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Was

7、hington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well -known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Whic

8、h of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. BGood Morning Britain s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nu

9、tritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food , she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbuttoffers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the GoodMorning Britain presenter says shes been able to put

10、a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, sheexplains. I pay 5 for a portion （ 一份），but Matt makes them for 26P a portion, because th

11、ey are flour, water,sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. ”The eight -part series （系列节目）, Save Money: Good Food , follows in the footsteps of ITVs SaveMoney:Good Health , which gave viewers advice on how to get value

12、 from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the f

13、amilys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.25. How does Matt

14、 Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.C.

15、 Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, b

16、ut in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter -gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that10,000 years ago, when the world had just fi

17、ve to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languagesbetween them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages toobecame more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of thenation -state

18、and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communicationsin the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 lang

19、uages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. Thegeneral rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zoneshave lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400; and A

20、sia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages arespoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extincti

21、on ( 消亡),with only a few elderlyspeakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150),Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question -mark): none ofthese seems to have much chance of survival.28. What

22、can we infer about languages in hunter -gatherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.29. Which of the following best explains “dominant ” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern

23、.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.31. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languag

24、es.D. Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny andnew, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （ 装置 ） well after they go out of style. Thats badnews for the environment and our wal

25、lets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newerones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the RochesterInstitute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout i

26、ts life fromwhen its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how homeenergy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basicmobile phones, and box -set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the

27、scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e -readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “ The living -room television isreplaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day,

28、you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with

29、 cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumptionand contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （ 排放 ） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution （ 解决方案 ）? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also exploredwhat would happen if consu

30、mers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on -demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author th

31、ink of new devices?A. They are environment -friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on n

32、ew technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box -set TV. B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV . D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart

33、.C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Color is fundamental in home design something youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want

34、a room36thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this importantpoint. 37, they can get

35、 a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds ofdecisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.38. Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use toadd visual interest t

36、o our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.39.They require a b

37、igger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at40wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.A. While

38、 all of them are useful B. Whatever youre looking for C. If youre experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with E. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color

39、 choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. G 40. F第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a freecou

40、rse, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an inter

41、national grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the games 46 . I could hardly wait to 47him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard -e

42、arned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 . Ten years after my che

43、ss class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he 55 me: The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent （ 对手）is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options. These wo

44、rds still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist. 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay 43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant46. A. fastest B

45、. easiest C. best D. rarest47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally53. A

46、. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control59. A. anno

47、unce B. signal C. block D. evaluate60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior41.B42.C43. A44. D45. D46.C47.B48. D49. C50. B51.C52.A53. C54. B55. A56.D57.B58. A59. D60. A第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live thr

48、ee years 61 (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, beoverweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. at more effective 64 (be) cant regularly make you live forever, the review says it While running study a the re

49、view also made of walking, cycling or swimming. Two the authors of lengthening life65. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and 66 published in 2014 (cause).67 early deaths from all To avoid knee its probably running. The best exercise is one that you e

50、njoy and will do. Butotherwise ),avoid hills and get (strength) your leg muscles ( 肌肉 pain, you can run on soft surfaces, doexercises to 68 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run 69 good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy andits always for only half the time to get the same benefits as othe

51、r sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than66. that/which 67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic 70. it/running第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分）第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在

52、缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意： 1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a bigchange there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house wi

53、th dogs, ducks, and another animals.Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a smallpond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happilythat their life had improved. At the

54、 end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.25 分）第二节 书面表达（满分将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry 件，内容包括： 1 到达时间； 2 合适的礼物；3餐桌礼仪。 注意： 100 左右； 1词数2 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语试题参考答案 听力第一部分5. A3. C 4. B 1. B 2. C10. C7. A8. B9. C 6

55、. B15. C11. A12. B14. A 13. A20. A19. C18. B16. B 17. C阅读理解第二部分25. C 24. B 22. D 23. D 21. A30. B 26. C 27. D 29. C 28. B35. A 34. B 31. C 32. A 33. D40. F38. D 36. B 37. A 39. G语言知识运用第三部分45. D 43. A 41. B 42. C 44. D50. B49. C48. D 46. C 47. B55. A 51. C 53. C 52. A 54. B60. A 57. B 59. D 58. A 56.

56、 D65. than61. longer 62. to see 64. is 63. dying70. it/running68. strengthen 67. causes 66. that/which 69. energetic写作第四部分第一节 countryside with my father to visit During my last winter holiday, I went toAthemy grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were foundliving

57、 in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when otherI went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also -chickenstherewhich they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earnedhad a small pond A where in 或quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of happysellingour trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed. and第二节（略）