英语专业四级语法专项终极版(专题分类总结)

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1、TEM-4专题讲座 语法专项语法专项一、英语专业四级语法考试概况介绍一、英语专业四级语法考试概况介绍教学大纲教学大纲对英语专业语法的总体描述是：对英语专业语法的总体描述是： 能识别词类；区分名词的可数性和不可数性，可数名词的单、复数形式；基本掌握各种代词的形式与用法、基数词和序数词、常用介词和连词、形容词和副词的句法功能、比较级和最高级的构成及基本句型、冠词的一般用法；了解动词的主要种类、时态、语态及不定式和分词的基本用法、句子种类、基本句型和基本构词法。掌握主谓一致关系、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等句型、直接引语和间接引语的用法、动词不定式和分词的用法、各种时态、主动语态、被动语

2、态和构词法。其中对四级的要求是：除掌握上述内容外，还应该熟练掌握主语从句、同位语从句、倒装句和各种条件句。综观这近几年考题，可发现：综观这近几年考题，可发现： 1语法考题的涉及面宽，近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类；三种动词的非谓语形式；各种从句及关系词的用法；动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法；独立主格，主谓一致，倒装，强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。 2语法考试的重点突出，语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现，如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。 3具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况一、英语专业四级语法考试概况介绍一、英语专业四级语法考试概

3、况介绍考点具体表现为：考点具体表现为： 1）虚拟语气的考点为：would ratherthat从句一般过去时：It is vital necessary important urgent imperative desirable advisable natural essentialthat动词原形；It is timeabout timehigh timethat一般过去时：proposalsuggestionthat动词原形；lestthatshould动词原形；if onlythatwould动词原形。一、英语专业四级语法考试概况介绍一、英语专业四级语法考试概况介绍 2）状语从句的考点为

4、：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even ifso，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；justhardly.when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as.as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。一、英语专业四级语法考试概况介绍一、英语专业四级语法考试概况介绍 3）独立主格结构多以逻辑主语分词的形式出现。 4）情态动词多与完成时形式连用。 5）定语从句重点考查介词关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词

5、。一、英语专业四级语法考试概况介绍一、英语专业四级语法考试概况介绍二、语法专项二、语法专项虚拟语气虚拟语气比较级比较级情态动词和倒装情态动词和倒装 主谓一致主谓一致非谓语动词非谓语动词从句从句其它其它虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的规则用法：三种基本形式一、虚拟语气的规则用法：三种基本形式从句主句与过去事实相反Had +过去分词Should (第一人称)/ would(其它人称) +have +过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时（be用were）Would/should/could/might+ 动词原形与将来事实相反过去时或were to /should + 动词原形Would/should/could

6、/might+ 动词原形二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： 1、 would rather + that，这时句子谓语动词用，这时句子谓语动词用一般过去时来体现虚拟语气。一般过去时来体现虚拟语气。I would rather you told her the truth.Id rather you came tomorrow. 2、 if only 如果，要是如果，要是.就好了，就好了，if only + that，这，这时句子一定要用虚拟语气。时句子一定要用虚拟语气。 有两种形式可以体现虚拟语气：a. 如果该句子表示与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时或would do。

7、b. 如果该句子表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed If only the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possibleA approve B will approve C can approve D

8、would approveBD二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： Note: only if表示表示“只有只有”；if only则表示则表示“如如果果就好了就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。也可用于陈述语气。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。 If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： 3、当以下动词后加句子时，句子应用虚拟语气，、当以下动词后

9、加句子时，句子应用虚拟语气，句子谓语动词的形式是：（句子谓语动词的形式是：（should）+ 动词原形。动词原形。a. 表示建议、提议的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move.move只有在表达在会议上提出提议时后面加虚拟语气b. 表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request, desire.c. 表示指挥、命令的：order, command, direct.d. 表示坚持，坚持认为的：insist.二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： I insist that we_ (go) there by bus.

10、 He suggested that we _ (leave) early. The judge ordered that the prisoner_ (be) sentenced to 30 days in jail.二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： 4、it is + 第第3点中动词的过去分词点中动词的过去分词 + that引导的引导的从句。从句。 这样的结构中从句谓语动词形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。 以下几个形容词置于该结构中时也要用相同的形式来体现虚拟语气：important, necessary, essential, obligatory（有义务的，强制性

11、的，必须的）,anxious, crucial, improper, impossible, natural, urgent, vital, willing。二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night. 虚拟语气A were not played B not to play C not be played D did not play二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：C 5、 第三点中动词相应的名词形

12、式第三点中动词相应的名词形式 + that引导从引导从句，该从句同样要用虚拟语气句，该从句同样要用虚拟语气， 谓语动词形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。经常用于这种结构的词有：suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, motion. My suggestion is that we should tell him. Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： 6、以下一些表达方式所在的句子一定要用虚拟

13、语、以下一些表达方式所在的句子一定要用虚拟语气。气。or (表示否则), otherwise, unless, but for(若不是，若非), 当遇到含有以上四个表达方式的句子时，先要判断该句是表示与现在、过去、还是将来事实相反，然后依照相应的虚拟语气规则用法的形式来确定句子结构。 含有下面三个表达方式的句子体现虚拟语气的形式是固定的：lest(以免，防备), for fear that(惟恐), on condition that(在.条件下)，它们后面句子的谓语动词的形式都是：（should）+ 动词原形。二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： The storm delaye

14、d us. But for the storm we would have been in time. I used my calculator; otherwise Id have taken much longer. Supposing I accepted this offer, what would you say? Without your timely help, my daughter would have drowned.二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： 7、it is (high) time 是是.的时候了的时候了。这个结构有以下两种变形形式，所用虚拟语气形式

15、都一样：it is high time / it is about time.这三个结构后面加的句子谓语动词都用一般过去时或用should加动词原形来体现虚拟语气,但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： 8、注意以下两种情况下、注意以下两种情况下should + 动词原形中动词原形中should不能省略。不能省略。这里should表示一种语气，经常被翻译成“竟然”。 a. 四

16、个动词：think, believe, expect, suspect.它们的否定或者疑问形式后面加句子，句子谓语动词用：should + 动词原形，should不能省略。I dont believe that he should be cheated. 我不相信他也会被骗。 b. it is a pity, it is a shame 真遗憾，it is strange 真怪以上三个结构后面加的句子谓语动词用：should + 动词原形，should不能省略。二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： 9. I wish + that 用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表

17、示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时（be的过去式为 were）从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（had + 过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could + 动词原形二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：二、虚拟语气的特殊

18、应用： 错综时态的虚拟语气即指主句和从句在表达是与什么时态的事实相反上并不一致（比如主句要表达与现在事实相反而从句要表达与过去事实相反），这种情况要采用“对号入座”的方法来处理，即主从句结构分别采用与其表达时态对应的结构。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).三、错综时态的虚拟语气：三、错综时态的虚拟语气： 1. If I had

19、nt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A wouldnt be smiling B couldnt have smiled C wont smile D didnt smile 2. If you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, _.A you wont find any difficulty now B you would not have found any difficulty nowC you would not find any diff

20、iculty now D you have not found any difficulty now 3. He would be studying at the university now if he _ the entrance examination.A passed B have passed C had passed D should have passed三、错综时态的虚拟语气：三、错综时态的虚拟语气：ACC 4. It is a shame that he _ that poor little girl!A deceived B should deceive C deceive

21、 D deceiving 5. Mrs. bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside _ her sons sleep. A would interfere with B had interfered with C interfered with D should interfere withlest(以免，防备) 后面句子的谓语动词的形式都是：（should）+ 动词原形三、错综时态的虚拟语气：三、错综时态的虚拟语气：BD 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把

22、were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 四、虚拟条

23、件句的倒装：四、虚拟条件句的倒装：注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题典型例题 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 在虚拟条件状语中如果有w

24、ere, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do.四、虚拟条件句的倒装：四、虚拟条件句的倒装：C比较级 在四级测试中，比较级属低档题，比较简单，考查范围大体有： 1）比较级形式的判断：比较级考题在设计干扰项时一般都会有比较与非比较的选择，more than 与as/so as的选择。 The trumpet player was certainly lo

25、ud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _ by his lack of talent.(1999.1) A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as There are few electronic applications _ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots. A. likely B. more likely C. most likely D. much likely一、比较级的测试特点：一、比较级的测试特点

26、：DB 2）比较级的修饰语：包括修饰语的结构和修饰语的选用。结构指比较级修饰语须置于比较级之前。 Radio, television and press _ of conveying news and information. A. are the most three common means B. are the most common three meansC. are the three most common means D. are three the most common means If tap water were as dangerous as some people t

27、hink, _ would be getting sick.A. a lot of more us B. more a lot of us C. a lot of us more D. a lot more of us Americans eat _ as they actually need every day.A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much twiceC. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much一、比较级的测试特点：一、比较级的测试特点：CDA 比较级前加not，表示前

28、者不如后者，与not asas相当；比较级前加no是对两者的否定，意为“和一样不”，与neithernor或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。如： He is not taller than me. 他不如我高。他不如我高。 He is no taller than me. 他同我一样不高。他同我一样不高。(即一样矮即一样矮) His English is not better than mine. 他的英语不如我的他的英语不如我的英语好。英语好。 His English is no better than mine. 他的英语同我的英他的英语同我的英语一样不好。语一样不好。(即一样

29、差即一样差)not +比较级比较级+ than / no +比较级比较级+ than 两者均可表示数量，前者表示“仅仅”、“只不过”，强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”。如：This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只需30分钟。For thirty years, he had done no more than he had needed to. 30年来，他只干了他需要干的工作。He has not more than three children. 他最多 3 个孩子(有或许还不到 3 个之意)。no more than与与no

30、t more than 两者均可用于比较，前者表示对两者都否定，意为“同一样不”(=neither . nor)；而后者则指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为“不如”、“不及”(= not so . as)。如：He is no more a writer than a painter. 他不是画家，也不是作家。(= He is neither a painter nor a writer.)This book is not more difficult than that one. 这本书不比那本书更难。(This book is not so difficult as that one

31、.)no morethan与与not morethan no less than 与与not less than 表示均可表示数量，前者意为“多达”、“有之多”，强调多；后者表示“不下于”、“至少”。如： He paid no less than $10,000 for it. 他为此付了10000多美元。 He paid not less than $10,000 for it. 他为此付的钱不下10000美元。 有时两者都可译为“至少”，但no less than语气比not less than要夸张，表示所涉及的数量比预料的要多，其用法可比较其反义结构no more than（只不过，只

32、有），用于强调少。no more than 与与 no lessthan 前者意为“与一样不”，否定两者；而后者则表示“和一样”，肯定两者。如：Shes no more a great singer than I am. 他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。 Your brother is no less wise than you. 你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。not any more than Fat cannotnot change into muscle _ muscle changes into fat. A.anyA.any more than more than B.no more than C

33、.no less than D.much more than “ “两者都不两者都不 ” ; ; “不不 也不也不 ” He is not a poet any more than I am a novelist. 他不是诗人正如我不是小说家一样。other than/rather than other than other than 意思是：不同于，除意思是：不同于，除之外；之外；rather rather thanthan意思是：而不是。意思是：而不是。 In no country _Britain, it has been said, can one experience four se

34、asons in the course of a single day. A) other than B) more than C) better than D) rather than 除了在英国，一个人不可能在其它国家在一天内经历四季。A与与 as 有关的结构有关的结构 (1) She did her work _ her manager had instructed. A. as B.until C.when D.though As 作连词作连词与与 as 有关的结构有关的结构 (2) Fool _ Jane is, she could not have done such a thin

35、g. A.who B.as C.that D.like As 引出让步状语时引出让步状语时,要求句子部分倒装要求句子部分倒装。 It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. (99/45) A.but B.nor C.as D.like与与 as 有关的结构有关的结构 (3) not so much A as B: 与其说是与其说是A，倒不倒不如说是如说是B；不是不是 而是而是 Such people as you describe ar

36、e rare nowadays. Lets discuss only such questions as concern everyone of us. He opposed the idea, as could be expected. As is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer. as 引起定语从句引起定语从句与与 as 有关的结构有关的结构 (4)情态动词情态动词情态动词的测试要点1）情态动词的基本用法。）情态动词的基本用法。2）情态动词）情态动词 + 动词的完成形式的用法。动词的完成形式的用法。3）情态

37、动词的推测性用法。）情态动词的推测性用法。 情态动词情态动词情态动词的应对策略 1）情态动词自身结构要正确 结构包括情态动词自身的搭配和其后的连带成分。除ought外情态动词后接原形动词. 2）注意情态动词推测性用法中各个情态动词使用的句型是否与题干句型一致。 must只用于肯定句中, 其否定形式为can/could not。 may/might不能用于疑问句中。 另外还应注意cant表示不可能，may not表示可能不。情态动词情态动词情态动词的应对策略 3）考试时，如果有原因说明自己的猜测，一般应该must, cant用而不是may, may not。He cant have stolen

38、 the money; he is not such kind of person. Some pleasant thing must have happened to him. He is so excited. 情态动词的应对策略 其它其它“情态动词情态动词+ 动词的完成形式动词的完成形式”并不表示推并不表示推测，而分别表示：测，而分别表示：could have done本来能够 He didnt take part in the competition, he _ though. A. won B. didnt win C. could win D. could have won nee

39、dnt have done 本来没不要 You _. There was plenty of time. A. neednt hurry B. cant hurry C. mustnt have hurried D. neednt have hurried情态动词情态动词情态动词的应对策略 其它其它“情态动词情态动词+ 动词的完成形式动词的完成形式”并不表示推并不表示推测，而分别表示：测，而分别表示：should/ought to have done 本来应该 You _ me earlier. I could have helped you. A. should tell me B. sho

40、uld have told C. need to tell D. neednt have told shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 本来不应该 You _ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. A. shouldnt follow B. mustnt follow C. couldnt have been following D. shouldnt have been following 情态动词情态动词情态动词的应对策略 其它其它“情态动词情态动词+ 动词的完成形式动词的完成形式”并不表示推并不表示

41、推测，而分别表示：测，而分别表示：might have done 本来应该（用来表示一种责备） You _ even though you were busy at that time. A. might help him B. must have helped him C. might have helped him D. should help him 这类题在设计干扰项时，一般都会有情态动词推测性用法的涉及，应注意分词上下文的逻辑和语意关系。情态动词情态动词倒装倒装 倒装测试范围和应对策略 倒装分部分倒装和全部倒装，但从近几年的测试来看，重点是部分倒装。注意下面常见的倒装条件。 1） 含

42、有否定否定意味的词置于句首，主谓倒装。 如：hardly, barely, not, seldom, little, few, nowhere, never, at no time, by no means, in no way, in no case, under no circumstances, not until, not only but also., neither nor等。如果是在从句的句首，则从句倒装。 We have been told that under no circumstances _ the telephone in the office for persona

43、l affairs. A. may we use B. we may use C. we could use D. did we useA倒装倒装 2） Only + 状语置于句首，主谓倒装。 Only后的状语可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，要特别注意，从句并不倒装，而是主句倒装。如： Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work. 3）Neither/So置于句首倒装，表示“也/也不” Not until the game had begun _at the sports ground. A. had h

44、e arrived B. would he have arrived C. did he arrive C. should he have arrived The organization had broken no rules, but _ had it acted responsibly. A. neither B. so C. either D. both CA4）There/here/then或做状语的地点副词和地点介词短语置于句首，要全部倒装。如 There stands a monument in the center of the square. Down came a ligh

45、t form the ceiling when he was walking across the floor. 5）现在分词和过去分词可提至句首构成“分词+ be + 主语+其它+的倒装句式。如： Enclosed in the letter was a photo of a beautiful girl. Glooming in the test tube on the table was the mysterious something which they had been working so hard to find, radium. 倒装倒装6） so/such. that句型中

46、，so + 形容词/副词提前，主谓倒装。So boring was the speech that the audience all left halfway. Such a noise did they make that the neighbors could not go to sleep at night. 倒装倒装主谓一致主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 1、不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Remember /To remember English words is not easy. 记英语单词不容易。Who will do the jo

47、b hasnt been decided yet. 谁来做这项工作还没决定。 注：注：what引导主语从句时，如果其表语是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：What he took with him were two books. 他带去的是两本书。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 2、“名词或代词+由with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but ,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather than等引起的短语”作主语时，谓语动词与前面的

48、名词或代词的数一致。如： Mr Li together with his two sons has gone to the cinema. 李先生和他的两个儿子看电影去了。 No one except the two boys was late for class. 除了两个男孩外，没有一个人迟到。 Li Ming, rather than his classmates, has let out the secret. 是李明透露了那个消息而不是他的同学透露的。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 3、“more than one/many a + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

49、More than one person has known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。Many a worker was killed in the accident. 在这个事故中死了许多工人。 注：“More+复数名词 than one”作主语，谓语则用复数形式。如：More persons than one have known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 4、“一两个”，用“one or two+名词复数”表达时，谓语用复数；用“a(an) +名词单数or two”表达时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One or two days are en

50、ough for them. =A day or two is enough for them. 给他们一两天时间足够了。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 5、and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如： Lily and Kite are kind to me. 莉莉和凯特都对我很好。 但是，当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词) ，谓语动词用单数形式。如： The teacher and writer has come. 那个教师兼作家已经来了。 注注：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each, ever

51、y, many a, more than one 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film. 许多教师和学生都看过这部电影。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 6、不定代词one, no one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either 以及被each, ev

52、ery修饰的名词做主语，尽管有些表达复数意义，但是，它们的谓语应该用单数形式。如： Is everybody here today? 大家都到齐了吗？ Neither (book) is good. 两本书都不好。 None knows the weight of anothers burden. 见人挑担不吃力。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 7、neither, none做主语时，口语中或非正式文字中，谓语动词通常用复数，正式的书面语中用单数。如：None of them has/have been to the Great Wall. 他们中没有一个人去过长城。 不过，none作主

53、语，其表语是单数，谓语用单数；表语是复数，谓语则用复数。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 8、在定语从句中，当关系代词 who, which或 that做主语时，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。如：The teacher who teaches us English is from England. 教我们英语的教师是英国人。Are these the books that were bought yesterday? 这些就是昨天买的书吗？I, who am a new teacher, will teach you English. 我，一个新教师，将教你们英语。主谓一致易错点归

54、纳主谓一致易错点归纳 9、“one of+名词复数”后面的定语从句， 谓语动词应该用复数；而“the (only) one of + 名词复数”后面的定语从句的谓语应该用单数形式。如：He is one of the students that have passed the exam 他是通过了考试的学生之一。He is the (only) one of the students that has passed the exam. 他就是通过考试的那个学生。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 10、某些集体名词，如family, audience, class, club, compan

55、y, crew, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复单数形式。如： My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。 The family is rather big, with twelve people in all. 这个家庭很大，总共有12个人。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 11、当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语，把它看作一个整体时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：

56、 Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee. 你喝杯咖啡15分钟当然足够了。 但若与pass, go by, spend, waste等连用时，谓语动词用复数。如： Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 12、由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语，如shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses, trousers,

57、 shorts等，谓语通常用复数形式。如： His trousers are new. 他的裤子是新的。 但带有pair这样的量词时，谓语要与量词的数保持一致。如：That pair of trousers was sold out. 那条裤子卖出去了。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 13、“分数（百分数）+ of + 名词”以及 “all (most, some, any, half, a lot, part, the rest) + of + 名词”做主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词的数一致。如： Three-fourths of the surface of the earth

58、is water. 地表四分之三都是水。 Twenty percent of the oranges are bad. 这桔子百分之二十都坏了。 All of my classmates like music. 我们所有的同学都喜欢音乐。 All of the water is gone. 那些水全都没有了。 The rest of the students have gone home. 其余的学生都回家了。 The rest of the money was stolen. 其作的钱被人偷了。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 14、“a (the, this, that) kind /

59、sort / type of + 名词”做主语，谓语用单数形式；但“these (those, all, many, some) kinds of + 名词”做主语，谓语则用复数形式。如： This kind of book is useful for us. 这种书对我们很用。 Many kinds of shoes are on sale in that shop. 那个店里有许多种鞋出售。 注注：“名词+ of a (the, this, that, these, those, all, some, many等) + kind(s) ”做主语，谓语动词的数与前面名词的数一致。如： Boo

60、k of this kind is useful for us. 这种书对我们有用。 Apples of these kinds are sour. 这种苹果是酸的。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 15、在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两幅大肖像。 Between the two rows of trees stands the teaching building. 要两排树之间是教学楼。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 16、“a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”

61、，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of +复数名词”意为“的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 被邀请的人是五十个，但由许多人由于不同原因缺席了。主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 17、“a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of /a large amount of +名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致；如：A lar

62、ge amount of damage was done in a very short time. 在短时间内造成了很大的损害。A great amount of our investments are in property. 我们大量的钱都投资到房地产中。但“(large /huge) quantities /amounts of名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。如：Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 那座桥耗费了大量金钱。 主谓一致易错点归纳主谓一致易错点归纳 18、“a +单数名词+and a half”和“one and

63、 a half +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One and a half pears has been left on the table. 盘子里剩下一个半梨子。非谓语动词主语主语表语表语 宾语宾语 定语定语 补语补语 状语状语to dogerund Present participlePast participle 近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31.1%，可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢？非谓语动词做主语非谓语动词做主语 1）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语，但分词却不可以。不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示

64、一般或抽象的多次动作。 _ is not a serious disadvantage in life. ( 2001, 51) A. To be not tall B. Not to be tall C. Being not tall D. Not being tall 【详解】非谓语动词在句中作了主语。非谓语动词的否定式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因此可以直接排除A和C。动名词和不定式都可以作句子主语，但动名词表示一贯性动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。个子不高是一贯的事实，应用动名词非谓语动词做主语非谓语动词做主语 (2)不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式主语，但在含有no，-l

65、ess等否定词的句子里，常用动名词作主语。如： It is useless talking with her. It is no good discussing with her. In the sentence “Its no use waiting for her”, the italicized phrase is _. A. the object B. an adverbial C. a compliment D. the subject非谓语动词做主语非谓语动词做主语 (3)如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两者应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式，或同为动名词。如： To see is to

66、 believe. 眼见为实。 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。非谓语动词做主语非谓语动词做主语 (4)不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导： absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如： Its clever of you to have invented such a device.非谓语动词做宾语非谓语动词做宾语 （1）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当宾语，但分词却不可以。 A. 有些动词后只能接动名词，如：abandon, acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appre