中汽南路虎发动机介绍

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1、Range Rover Sport 动力总成 V8 自然吸气 / 机械增压 发动机 学员手册第8部分第5 71页 由中汽南方蒋凤石翻译 Powertrain V8 Engines N/A and S/C Workbook section 8Pages 5 71 目的 (动力传递部分)注意：本课程与另外一门课程（Denso发动机管理系统）共同组成发动机部分的完整介绍。 描述4.4 NA和4.2 SC发动机的结构特性 介绍各种发动机技术参数 按照路虎公司政策进行发动机维修 正确使用专用工具Objectives (Powertrain)Note: this course is designed to

2、 run along side the Denso Engine management training programme Describe the Features of the naturally aspirated 4.4 litre and the 4.2 litre supercharged engine Describe the technical specification for all engines Carry out engine repairs in line with Land Rovers Policy Use special tools correctly.概述

3、Page 9GeneralPage 9V8 汽油机汽油机 90 V型铝制缸体 铝制汽缸盖 每缸4气门 无垫片，挺杆直接作用 可变气门正时(VVT) 机械增压版上未安装 初级、次级链式驱动 铝制缸床 (阶梯型结构) 碎裂式连杆 两根V型驱动皮带 电控EGR (机械增压版未装) 引入机械增压 在Bridgend的发动机厂组装Page 9V8 Petrol Engine 90 Vee Aluminium cylinder block Aluminium cylinder heads - Four valves per cylinder Shim-less, tappet buckets Variab

4、le valve timing (VVT) not on supercharger Primary and secondary chain drives Aluminium bedplate (ladder frame) Fracture split connecting rods Twin multi-vee drive belts Electronic EGR (no EGR on supercharger) Supercharger introduced Built at the Bridgend engine plant.Page 9Base EngineAJ-41 V8 NA 发动机

5、是 AJ-33 V8 NA 的改良版新型 AJ-41/43 V8 发动机将投放所有市场变更要点：深式油底壳修正FEAD(发动机驱动风扇) 排放标准达到欧4 US LEV II修正EGR15,000 英里机油保养 (欧洲), 7,500英里换机油(美国)无回油管路系统修正冷却水出口控制(throttle to different side of vehicle)无垫片Base EngineAJ-41 V8 NA Engine is modified version of AJ-33 V8 NA The new AJ-41/43 V8 will be launched into all marke

6、ts.Key V8 engine changes over the Jaguar version:-Deep SumpRevised FEAD (engine driven fan) Tail pipe emissions Europe & ROW Stage 4 US LEV IIRevised Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)15,000 Mile Oil Service (Europe), 7,500 miles oil change in USAReturnless Fuel SystemRevised water outlet (throttle to

7、different side of vehicle)Shim-less tappets.AJ41 V8 NA发动机线束加油管高度增加改进的缸盖改良水套排气歧管缸床深式油底壳初级FEAD皮带具有滤清的油冷却器次级发动机前发动机辅助驱动皮带（FEAD）改进的节温器支架以适应节气门节气门体发动机罩盖安装支架AJ41 V8 NAEngine HarnessOil Fill tube, Height increasedModified Cylinder Head, improved ports and water jacketFabricated LogExhaust ManifoldsStructur

8、al bedplateDeep sumpPrimary FEAD driveOil Cooler with filter headSecond FEAD driveModified Thermostat housing to suit throttle elbowThrottle Body and elbowEngine cover mounting bracketsAJ41 V8 NA修正的EGR管变矩器连接处 起动机AJ41 V8 NARevised EGR pipeTorque converter access Starter Motor功率功率/扭矩数据扭矩数据L319-L320-L3

9、22发动机型号车辆发动机排量发动机扭矩发动机功率Koln V6L3194.0.na360 Nm 3000 rpm160 kW 4500 rpm269 lbft (365 Nm) 3000 rpm216 bhp (161.3 kW) 4500 rpmAJ41L319 &L3204.4.na425 Nm 4000 rpm220 kW 5500 rpm315 lbft (427.3 Nm) 4000 rpm300 bhp (223.7 kW) 5500 rpmAJ42L3224.4.na440 Nm 4000 rpm225 kW 5750 rpm325 lbft (44o.8 Nm) 4000 rp

10、m305 bhp (227.4 kW) 5750 rpmAJ43L3204.2.sc550 Nm 3500 rpm287 kW 5750 rpm410 lbft (555.5 Nm) 3500 rpm390 bhp (290.8 kW) 5750 rpmAJ44L3224.2.sc560Nm 3500 rpm291 kW 5750 rpm420 lbft (569 Nm) 3500 rpm400 bhp (298.2 kW) 5750 rpmPower / Torque Figures L319-L320-L322Engine DerivativeVehicleEngine ccEngine

11、TorqueEngine PowerKoln V6L3194.0.na360 Nm 3000 rpm160 kW 4500 rpm269 lbft (365 Nm) 3000 rpm216 bhp (161.3 kW) 4500 rpmAJ41L319 &L3204.4.na425 Nm 4000 rpm220 kW 5500 rpm315 lbft (427.3 Nm) 4000 rpm300 bhp (223.7 kW) 5500 rpmAJ42L3224.4.na440 Nm 4000 rpm225 kW 5750 rpm325 lbft (44o.8 Nm) 4000 rpm305 b

12、hp (227.4 kW) 5750 rpmAJ43L3204.2.sc550 Nm 3500 rpm287 kW 5750 rpm410 lbft (555.5 Nm) 3500 rpm390 bhp (290.8 kW) 5750 rpmAJ44L3224.2.sc560Nm 3500 rpm291 kW 5750 rpm420 lbft (569 Nm) 3500 rpm400 bhp (298.2 kW) 5750 rpm缸体缸体 铸铝中缸，干式的钢质气缸内衬套，和4.4L NA发动机类似。 缸径尺寸由88mm改为86mm 机械增压款发动机加装了活塞机油喷射冷却装置。（在主油道上装有放

13、油口，喷射冷却装置通过螺纹拧紧到放油口上。）该喷油装置位于活塞冠部下方。共四个喷油装置，每个有两个喷嘴。在4.4L NA发动机上的放油口没有精加工（因为没有必要使用机油喷射冷却装置）。Page 14Cylinder Block Aluminium casting with iron dry liners similar to 4.4L NA; Cylinder bore size is 86mm instead of 88mm Piston cooling jets are bolted into tapings into the main oil gallery directed at th

14、e underside of piston crown. Four jets each have two nozzles. Tapings are left unmachined for 4.4L NA.Page 14缸号缸号/发动机数据发动机数据*SLHPT*CBBC*22222211*KMKMK*000823 0756曲轴轴颈等级曲轴曲柄销等级缸镗等级日期/时间曲轴轴承孔发动机数据 左侧Page 15Cylinder numbering/engine data*SLHPT*CBBC*22222211*KMKMK*000823 0756Main crankshaftjournal grade

15、sCrankshaft pin GradesCylinder bore GradesDate / timeMain Crank boresEngine data left hand sidePage 15发动机数据发动机数据 3个位置个位置 发动机缸体上有两个 另外一个在发动机前盖上 如 0408232319AA 04 = 年 08 = 月份 23 = 日期 2319 = 时间 AA = 自然进气 SA = 机械增压Engine Data 3 Locations Two locations on cylinder block One on engine front cover Example

16、of coding 0408232319AA 04 = 2004 08 = August 23 = Day 2319 = Time AA = Naturally Aspirated SA = Supercharged曲轴曲轴活塞 铸造深式活塞 (压缩比 9.1:1)，活塞销22mm (NA发动机21mm) 活塞销固定卡簧和连杆小端轴承设计和4.4L NA 发动机一样 例如活塞销在飞溅润滑的铜套中浮动 和4.4L NA发动机一样镗缸有三个等级 可靠的油环（最底端的活塞环）控制 (4.4L NA发动机是相互分离的三活塞环设计).连杆 22mm的连杆销直径与4.4L NA发动机不同； 将来会有两个连

17、杆供应商，标记符号方面可能会有不同。曲轴、曲轴轴承、连杆大头轴承 与NA发动机相同 (90.3mm行程)Page 16CrankshaftPistons Forged deep dish piston (CR 9.1:1) with 22mm pin diameter. (21mm for NA) Design of piston pin retention (circlips) and little-end bearing same as 4.4L NA i.e. floating pin in splash-fed bronze bush. Three grades as 4.4L NA.

18、 Solid oil control (bottom) ring (4.4L NA is three piece segmented).Con rods Different to 4.4L NA due to 22mm pin diameter. (Two rod suppliers in future transparent to service but some markings may differ).Crank, Main and Big-End Bearings, Same as NA engine (90.3 Stroke)Page 16汽缸盖汽缸盖铸造、加工及组装 同 4.4L

19、自然进气式 包括阀座、气门导杆、凸轮轴盖及油堵头(Avdel Plugs) 注意：对于机械增压发动机，每个缸盖均需一个额外的油堵头以堵住未用的VVT出油口。气门、气门弹簧、气门琐销 同 4.4L 自然进气式凸轮轴 不同的进、排凸轮轴，SC发动机气门叠开角度更小，对正时可采用相同的凸轮轴固定工具。Cylinder HeadsHead Casting and Machining & Sub Assembly Same as 4.4L NA Includes valve seats and guides, cam caps, gallery plugs (Avdel Plugs) NB: One e

20、xtra Avdel plug is required per head to blank off VVT feedValves, springs, collets Same as 4.4L NACamshafts Different intake and exhaust cams. Duration and timing (less overlap for SC engine). Timing flats positioned appropriately so same service tools used for timing.4.2. SC 正时链正时链/齿调整齿调整 上图为不带VVC装

21、置的 4.2 SC 正时链调整 下图为4.4 N/A 带有VVC装置的正时调整4.2. SC Timing Chain/Gear Arrangement Top image shows 4.2 SC gear arrangement with no VVC Lower image shows 4.4 N/A gear arrangement with VVC4.2. SC 正时链正时链/齿调整齿调整 上图为 4.2 SC 不带VVC装置的正时调整 注意：没有安装VVC装置的汽缸盖上供油孔是空的。 下图是 4.4 N/A带有VVC装置的正时调整 注意到VVC装置的油孔是清晰可见的 注意点：当安装

22、注意点：当安装4.2 SC发动机新的缸盖时发动机新的缸盖时确保油口堵死。确保油口堵死。4.2. SC Timing Chain/Gear Arrangement Top image shows 4.2 SC gear arrangement with no VVC Note: oil feed in cylinder head is blanked off as no VVC housing is fitted Lower image shows 4.4 N/A gear arrangement with VVC Note oil feed to VVC housing is clearly

23、visible Care point! When fitting new cylinder head to 4.2 SC engine make sure redundant oil feed gallery is plugged to prevent loss of oil pressure and oil starvation to cylinder head components4.2. SC 正时链正时链/齿调整齿调整4.2. SC Timing Chain/Gear Arrangement凸轮轴链条驱动凸轮轴链条驱动链条驱动 此系统全部与4.4L NA相同。两个主链条驱动每边的进气凸

24、轮轴，排气凸轮轴由进气凸轮轴通过次级驱动链驱动，液压涨紧器全时使用。 对正时步骤同Discovery 3 / LR3可变凸轮轴正时 (部件安装于进气凸轮轴) 没有安装在 SC 发动机上 (很可能安装在MY07上) 进气凸轮轴为普通链轮齿 删除VVT供油支架及电磁阀 缸盖油道供油需要用油堵（Avdel plug）堵住！此操作在维修时需要特别注意！Page 29Camshaft Chain DriveChain Drive Same overall system as 4.4L NA. Two main chains drive inlet cams for each bank. Exhaust

25、cams then driven from each intake cam with small secondary chains. Hydraulic tensioners used throughout. Timing process identical to Discovery 3 / LR3Variable Camshaft Timing (unit on intake cams) NOT fitted to SC engines. (But is likely to come in for MY07) Intake camshaft sprockets are therefore c

26、onventional “disc” sprocket. VVT oil feed “spider” bracket and solenoid unit therefore deleted. Oil feed from cylinder head gallery requires blanking off with Avdel plug. This operation will be required in service?Page 294.2 SC 发动机特点 汽缸内径由 88mm 减少到 86mm 活塞冷却喷嘴 铸造活塞/新型油环 新型连杆 新型凸轮轴 无VVT装置-新型凸轮轴盖 空气进入

27、中冷器 具有独立的冷却回路 无EGRFeatures for 4.2 SC engine Bore size reduced from 88mm to 86mm Piston cooling jets Forged pistons / new oil control ring New connecting rods New camshafts No Variable Valve Timing - New camshaft covers Air to water intercoolers with separate cooling circuit No EGR 其他详细差异：- RFI supp

28、ressor 安装在B-Bank中冷器后部- 美观降噪塑料盖板 中冷器上有长的固定螺栓- 净化系统，碳罐电磁阀安装在外壳支架上 - 在“眼镜蛇”进气管的下方有一个控制噪音的黑色T型塑料袋（内装降噪材料）- 无EGR- 凸轮轴盖 如果部件或系统没有提及，则为相同的，主要有：- 点火系统(火花塞和点火线圈)- 发动机支架及固定螺栓- 正时链条盖- 润滑系统(油底壳、集滤器、机油泵、机油尺、管路等)细节细节 / 共同性共同性 Other detail differences;- RFI suppressor mounted at rear of B-Bank intercooler- Styling

29、 cover mountings long pillar studs fitted to intercoolers- Purge system. Purge valve mounts to bracket on bell housing - NVH “stuffer” under cobra duct (Black T-shaped pad).- No EGR- Camshaft covers If a part / system hasnt been mentioned yet then it is common. These include;- Ignition system (Spark

30、 plugs and coils)- Engine mounting brackets and bolts- Chain drive cover- Lubrication system (sump, oil pickup, oil pump, dipstick and tube).Details / Commonalities机械增压Supplier-Eaton Model-M112-4H33 6F066 BAPerformance gain approx 60KW (80HP)0.8 bar inlet pressure (gauge) 1.8 bar absolutePage 37Supe

31、rchargingSupplier-Eaton Model-M112-4H33 6F066 BAPerformance gain approx 60KW (80HP)0.8 bar inlet pressure (gauge) 1.8 bar absolutePage 37机械增压机械增压发动机动力取决于可消耗的空气量 通常方法是靠大气压力提供发动机进气 如果空气在高压情况下进入汽缸就可以获得更多的进气量，这就是： 机械增压机械增压Page 38Supercharging Power of the engine depends upon mass of air it can consume N

32、ormal method allows atmosphere to force air into the engine If the air is forced into cylinders under pressure higher than atmospheric, a greater mass of air will enter the cylinder and the engine will be: SuperchargedPage 38中冷器中冷器 经过增压单元压缩后进气温度通常超过160 每侧都有单独的水冷空气散热器。这种近距离的小体积散热器有利于减小“增压延迟现象”。 为获得最大

33、的冷却效果，中冷器冷却回路与发动机冷却水路是分开的 (中冷器冷却有自己的水泵，是独立的回路) 气流由上部大出口流出，分成A、B两部分支流，然后通过两个喉管再进入各自的中冷器。Intercoolers After compression in the supercharger unit, the intake air temperature often exceeds 160 degrees C. Separate air to water heat exchanger matrices for each bank. Close coupled small volume heat exchang

34、ers minimise boost “lag”. Cooling circuit for intercoolers is separate to engine system for greatest cooling effect. (Separate pumped circuit) Airflow exits supercharger from one large port on top surface flow then diverges into A-bank and B-bank streams (“wing duct”) before entering each intercoole

35、r.分解图驱动齿轮齿轮外科/油底壳 叶片驱动皮带轮支撑轴承构造:输入轴Exploded ViewGear driveGear housing/sump VanesDrive pulleySupportbearingConstruction:Input shaft机械增压机械增压Supercharger机械增压组成: 转子安装于钢轴上 轴在前部滚子轴承上运转（后部为滚针轴承） 螺旋齿被压向前部钢轴 螺旋齿轮由润滑油密封 (油池, 全合成润滑油) 不要进行维修 驱动皮带盘安装在钢轴上，与斜齿轮柔性耦合连接SuperchargerAssembly: The rotors are mounted on

36、 steel shafts The shafts run on bearings (needle roller rear) deep groove ball bearing front Helical gears are pressed onto the front of the steel shafts The helical gears are lubricated (oil bath, fully synthetic PTFE based) sealed for life DO NOT TOP UP IN SERVICE Drive pulley is mounted on the st

37、eel shaft and is connected to the driver helical gear via a torsion soft coupling 机械增压器Supercharger机械增压机械增压中冷器机械增压节气门体旁通阀机械增压系统IntercoolerSuperchargerThrottle bodyBy-pass valveSupercharged System中冷器 水冷 铝制结构 每侧一个 连接水管来自机械增压Page 39Intercooler Water cooled Aluminium construction 1 Per bank Water connec

38、tionsFrom superchargerPage 39中冷器中冷器 散热片管路实现气液热交换Intercoolers Fin and tube air-to-liquid heat exchangers压力控制阀进气机械增压压力控制阀在机械增压上利用旁通空气控制压力Pressure control valveAir intakeSuperchargerPressure control valveBy-passes air to controlPressure in supercharger压力控制阀 真空操作旁通阀（真空管在节气门体下游控制） 怠速及巡航条件下旁通阀全开提供最大的旁通进气量

39、以获得最佳的燃油经济性。 当节气门打开时旁通气阀逐渐关闭以减少旁通气流增加空气供给压力，从而获得发动机的最佳动力输出。Page 40Pressure control valve Vacuum operated bypass valve. (Vacuum pipe downstream of throttle body to actuator unit). Idle and most cruise conditions the bypass valve is fully open to provide maximum bypass and optimum fuel economy As the

40、throttle opens the bypass valve progressively closes to reduce bypass flow and increase the pressure of the air supplied to the engine for optimum power output.Page 40旁通阀旁通阀旁通阀真空阀阀连接Bypass valveBypass valveVacuum valveValve linkage压力控制阀 严禁在压力控制阀不连接的情况下着车，否则将会导致严重的发动机损坏 这是因为机械增压过热、疲劳卡死，甚至达到疲劳极限注意: 如果

41、在维修过程中压力控制阀损坏，会导致发动机运转时机械增压严重的损坏真空阀Pressure control valve NEVER RUN the engine with the pressure control valve disconnected otherwise severe engine damage will result This will cause the supercharger to overheat and seize, even if running was for a limited periodNote: If pressure control valve fails

42、 in service serious damage is caused to the superchargerVacuum valve机械增压维修 密封部件-只能换件： 机械增压部件应该运转自由-没有明显受限 在发动机运转情况下不要执行以下操作： 拆除驱动皮带情况下检测机械增压 拆卸真空管Supercharger Servicing Sealed component - REPLACEMENT ONLY: The supercharger should be free running without noticeable restriction Do not conduct any of t

43、he following with the engine running Test supercharger with drive belt removed Disconnect vacuum pipes机械增压诊断 扭转耦合:1. 拆除任节气门肘或机械增压出口2. 用手抑制转子的运动（不要使用工具）3. 无负载情况下用手旋转驱动皮带，原设计是大约30度注意: 这种运动是正常的并且可消除怠速异响Supercharger Diagnostics Torsion coupling:1. Remove either throttle elbow or supercharger outlet hous

44、ing2. Restrain rotor movement with hand (DO NOT use tools)3. Rotate drive pulley by hand, approx 30 degrees total movement in unloaded condition is the design conditionNote: This movement is normal and is required to eliminate idle speed gear chirp机械增压诊断Supercharger Diagnostics机械增压诊断 外观检查：转子具有明显磨损（磨

45、光）是可以接受的当磨掉特殊镀层 (允许保持转子和壳体最小间隙)时会看到磨光的情况严重划痕情况，例如转子上磨损可见铝制材料是不可接受的 (不要与磨光混淆)严重的划痕可能导致外物进入机械增压Supercharger Diagnostics General Visual examination:Evidence of polishing on the rotors is acceptableThis occurs as a result of removal of high spots of special coating (this allows minimum clearance to be m

46、aintained between rotors and casing)Heavy scoring i.e. Aluminium base material becomes visible on rotors is not acceptable (do not confuse with polishing)Isolated or random heavy scoring is generally a result of foreign body ingress into the supercharger可变气门正时可变气门正时工作原理油经过三角支架总成进入各个VVT执行器，三角支架总成包括VV

47、T电磁阀、油道及正时链导向机构发动机管理系统通过安装在三脚架顶部的电磁阀来控制凸轮轴的提前或滞后。Page 45Variable Valve timingOperating principal Oil is fed to the front of each VVT actuator via the spider bracket assembly which contains the VVT actuator solenoid, supply oil galleries and timing chain guide.Oil pressure advances and retards the ca

48、mshaft timing which is controlled by the engine management system via a solenoid valve mounted in the top of the oil feed spider assembly.Page 45可变气门正时可变气门正时 凸轮轴正时Camshaft timing: 依据发动机转速、负载及油压进行调整 Page 46Variable Valve timing Camshaft timing: dependant on engine speed, load and oil temperature. Pag

49、e 46 SC 发动机需要对机油进行外部风冷，从冷却器供油回油到发动机油底壳前滤网的油道 前部滤网包含一个温度调节装置，防止油温低于103机滤机滤Page 49 SC engine requires external air blast oil cooler. Pipe work to feed and return from this cooler plumbs into the engine oil galleries in the oil filer housing on the front of the sump. This filter head contains a thermos

50、tatic valve which prevents oil flow below 103 degrees C oil temp.Oil Filter HeadPage 49冷却系统冷却系统 冷却系统 Page 53Cooling Cooling Systems Page 53S/C 冷却回路用水冷却空气此处连接使得层压器冷却水路和发动机冷去水路相连，但在系统工作时两个水路的冷却水是不互相传热（流通）的。通过BOSCH电子泵驱动，通过塑料支架和销子安装在散热器边侧S/C Coolant CircuitWater charge air coolingVortex connection to to

51、p hose, providing single point for fill/degas but remains thermally decoupled.Driven by Bosch electric pump, mounted to radiator end tank with push fit plastic bracket and pin.Service fill screw in brick feed T piece (deleted from bricks)S/C 冷却水管加热管，快速接口发动机和防火墙无辅助加热选项散热器到发动机有排气管排水管由膨胀箱到快速接口再到发动机Cool

52、ant Hoses S/CHeater pipes, quick fit to bulkhead and engineNo auxiliary heater option Bleed hose from radiator and engine.Drain hose from expansion tank, quick fit to engine.S/C 机油冷却器及管路两个油冷却器并联，均来自发动机节温器出水口。片装水冷器安装在底盘横梁上。冷却器上装有快速连接油管。 到冷却器的冷却水从水管的两个T型连接处引出。S/C Engine Oil Coolers and PipesTwo oil co

53、olers in parallel, fed from engine thermostat port.Plate water oil cooler mounted off cross member, Oil hoses quick fitted to cooler stub pipes. Coolant fed from radiator return hose via double T, Velocity Head Scoop.S/C 机油冷却器及管路空气冷却器安装在右翼子板后方，轮眉上方风口处。冷却器上装有油管的快速接头。S/C Engine Oil Coolers and PipesAi

54、r blast oil cooler mounted in offside wing, with vented wheel arch liner. Fixings to bumper armature, and body mount, Oil hose quick fits to oil cooler, with single release tool supplied on pipes backwards (one per cooler)前发动机辅助驱动皮带FEAD 初级初级FEAD皮带皮带 与4.4L NA相似。例如V型皮带驱动空调压缩机、动力转向、水泵和发电机 L320的不同点在于这条皮

55、带同时也带动动态反应泵，因此皮带较长，且带有一个额外的堕伦。所以机械增压发动机都标配动态反映泵，自然吸气发动机是选配。 次级次级FEAD皮带皮带内外均有棱纹 ，与NA发动机上的风扇驱动的布置相同，但是向上部延展以驱动机械增压。 风扇驱动皮带盘为左侧螺纹，因为风扇旋转方向相反。塑料保护外壳有颜色代码。Page 59FEAD belt systems Primary FEAD belt Similar to 4.4L NA. I.e. poly-vee belt drives air conditioning, PAS, water pump and Alternator. Difference

56、for L320 is that Dynamic response pump is added to this belt drive giving a longer belt length and additional idler. Dynamic response pump is fitted to all SC and optional on NA. Secondary FEAD belt Ribbed on both inner and outer. Same layout as fan drive on NA but extends upwards to drive nose of supercharger. Fan driver pulley has left hand thread because fan rotates opposite way. Colour coding of plastic protective cap.Page 59感谢你的参与发动机部分结束