高中英语介词教案(共10页)

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上介词一、介词的基本用法：1.介词与名词、代词、动名词及wh-从句连用Say it in English.用英语说。Im all for what you said.我完全赞成你说的。She showed a great interest in collecting stamps.她对集邮表现出极大的兴趣。【注】介词之后通常不能跟that从句。except that/but that(除之外)和in that(因为)在现代英语中已被看作是复合连词。I know nothing about him except/but that he is from America.除了

2、知道他是一位美国之外，我对他一无所知。Human beings differ from animals in that they can think, speak and use tools.人之所以区别于动物是因为人能思考、说话和使用工具。另：许多介词加时间名词可以表时间概念，但要注意有些时间名词前不接介词。如：next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years、yesterday afternoon、the night before，且时间名词前有one、each、any、every、some、all等修饰时，一般不用介词，如some day、one

3、 day.2.介词与“疑问词+动词不定式”连用He gave me some advice on how to study English.他就如何学习英语给我提了一些建议。3.介词与副词（多为时间和地点副词，且大都已转化成名词）连用I heard a scream from above.我听到上面传来了尖叫声。Not until then did he realize that he had made mistakes.直到那时他才意识到他搞错了。 【注】常见的这类介词短语有：near/from/in/around/along+ here/therefrom+ above/below/abr

4、oad/inside/outside/indoors/outdoorsafter/before/by/from+ then/now/today/yesterday/tomorrowfor+ ever/once/todayuntil/till+ then/now/recently/today4.介词与形容词连用形容词通常是不作介词宾语的。下面的短语皆为英语习惯用语：in particular尤其是 far from perfect远非完美 in general总体上far from satisfactory远不够令人满意 in brief简而言之 in short简而言之5.介词与介词短语连用个

5、别介词，如from, until, but, except, instead of等后面可以跟介词短语来充当其宾语。He appeared suddenly from behind the door.他突然从门后出现了。He sat up until after midnight.他熬到午夜之后才睡觉。二、重要介词的用法1.about（1）关于（某人或物）They are talking about a new film.他们正在谈论一部新电影。What is all this about? 这是怎么回事？（2）在周围；在附近；在某个范围内（相当于around）He looked about

6、the hall, but saw nobody.他环顾大厅，可是一个人也没看见。She showed us about the park.她领我们到公园里各处看了看。（3）“大约”，作副词，与数词连用There are about 50 students in our class.我们班大约有50人。2.against（1）逆；倚靠；撞击（表示方向或位置）The cold rain beat against the windows.冷雨击窗。Birds fly slowly against the wind.小鸟逆风飞得很慢。He stood with his back against th

7、e wall.他背靠墙站着。（2）反对（与for相对）；违背What he did was against his will.他违心地做了那件事。It is against the principles.这是违反原则的。（3）防备，准备Some animals store food against the winter.有些动物为过冬而储备食物。（4）相映，衬托Flowers look better against green leaves.好花还需绿叶衬。3.at（1）在（表示地点、场合）The shop is at the corner of the street.那家商店在这条街的拐角处

8、。（2）在时（表示时间）He went to school at the age of seven.他7岁上学。（3）在之中，处于（表示某种状态、情况）The two countries are at war.这两国在交战。（4）以的速度或价格The train runs at about 120 miles an hour.火车以每小时约120英里的速度行驶。（5）与形容词连用，表示“因而产生某种情绪”They were in deep sorrow at the news.听到这个消息他们非常悲伤。be surprised/astonished/pleased/frightened/del

9、ighted/moved/angry at由于而惊讶/震惊/高兴/害怕/高兴/感动/生气（6）与动词连用，表示“朝，对，向（表示目标、方向等）”，这类动词常见的有laugh, wonder, cry, shoot, weep等Dont laugh at me! 不要嘲笑我！He aimed at the target.他瞄准目标。（7）在方面He is good at maths.他擅长数学。（8）应请求、号召、邀请；以方式He attended the party at the invitation of the hostess.他应女主人的邀请参加了晚会。She agreed to com

10、e at our request.她应我们的邀请同意来。（9）一就at the sight of一看见就 at the sound of一听到就 at the thought of一想到就4.beyond（1）在外，超出，高于The village is beyond the mountain.村庄在山的那边。（表示位置）Dont stay out beyond midnight.不要在外面待到午夜以后。（表示时间）Her work is beyond praise.她的工作令人赞不绝口。（表示范围）（2）表示“除外”（用于否定句或疑问句）I know nothing beyond this.

11、除此以外，我什么都不知道。What could I do beyond waiting? 除了等，我还能做什么？5.by（1）在旁边，靠近The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户旁边。（2）用，通过，借助于The house is heated by gas.这房子是煤气供暖的。（3）按照（表示数量、单位等）Meat is sold by the pound.肉按磅卖。They are paid by the day.他们按天付给报酬。（4）在之前，不迟于We can finish the work by the end of this month.这个月底前我

12、们能完成工作。（5）被，由（用于被动语态，后接动作的执行者）The book was written by an American writer.这本书是一位美国作家写的。（6）相差（后跟数词，表示差距）The bullet missed him by two inches.子弹差两英寸未击中他。（7）因，由于I met him in the street by chance.我在街上偶然遇到了他。I took your book by mistake.我错拿了你的书。（8）经过，沿着（表示动作的方向、位置）They came through the fields, not by the hi

13、ll road.他们是穿过田野而不是沿着山路来的。6.for（1）为了，替，给（表示目的、对象）Some animals store food for the winter.有些动物为冬天储备食物。（2）因为，由于The place is famous for its hot springs.这个地方以温泉著名。He was praised for his good deeds.他因做好事而受到表扬。（3）支持，赞成（与against相对）No one is for the proposal.没有人支持这项提议。（4）供用的，给某人的Youd better leave a note for h

14、im.你最好给他留个便条。（5）至于，就而言It is warm for March.3月份这种天气算是够暖和的了。He is tall for his age.这个年龄他算是高个子了。（6）当作，作为Dont take him for a fool.别把他当傻子。（7）以的代价（表示买卖、交换）I bought a dictionary for five dollars.我花5美元买了一本词典。（8）对，对于（表示感情、能力）He has an ear for music.他会欣赏音乐。（9）达，计，经历之久（表示时间、数量等）He wont be here for long.他不打算在这里

15、久待。（10）向，往，去（表示方向、目标）The train is for Shanghai.这列火车开往上海。（11）虽然，尽管，相当于（in spite of）For all his failures, he never loses heart.尽管他屡遭失败，但从不灰心。7.from（1）自，从，来自（表示起点、来源）She got a letter from her mother.她收到了母亲的来信。（2）因为，由于（表示原因、动机）She felt tired from a whole days work.她工作了一整天，感到很累。（3）离（表示时间、距离）How far is yo

16、ur hometown from here?你的家乡离这儿多远？（4）由制成（表示看不出原材料）Wine can be made from rice.米可以酿酒。 【注】用from表示制成品看不出原材料，即已经起化学变化了，如果制成品没起化学变化，仍可看出原材料，要用of。如：The table is made of wood.这张桌子是木制的。The shoes are made of leather.这双鞋子是皮制品。另：比较be made out of+原材料 与 be made into+做成的成品：The box is made out of iron.这个箱子是铁做的。The cl

17、oth is made into a shirt.这块布料被做成了一件衬衫。（5）免于，使不（表示出去）These books were saved from damage.这些书没有遭受破坏。 另：from可用在下列词组中：present/stop sb. (from) doing sth.及keep sb. from doing sth.表示“组织某人做某事”；far from it远不是；from the beginning从一开始8.of（1）表示同位关系The city of Beijing is very beautiful.北京城很美丽。（2）关于（表示动作对象，常与hear,

18、think, talk, read等连用）I havent heard of her recently.我近来没听说过关于她的消息。（3）对于（表示动作对象，即动宾关系）It is just a waste of time.这是一种对时间的浪费。（4）表示剥夺、免除He was robbed of his money.他的钱被抢了。（5）表示特征、性质、情绪状况He is just a boy of ten.他只是个10岁的孩子。（6）表示出身He was born of a wealthy family.他出生于一个富裕家庭。（7）用于“形容词+of+名词/代词”结构中How kind of

19、 you to help me.你帮助我，太感谢了。It was rude of her to say so.她那样说太粗鲁了。 【注】此时形容词说明的是后面名（代）词的特征。若形容词表示的是做某件事的特征，则用for。如：It is necessary for us to study English well.我们学好英语很有必要。（8）某些“of+ n.”可代替意思相同的形容词。如：He is a man of importance.（同He is an important man.)他是一位重要人物。【注】of+抽象名词=形容词of+ great+抽象名词=very+形容词of+ no+

20、抽象名词=not+形容词=带有否定前缀un-或否定后缀-less的形容词It is of great value. =It is very valuable.它很有价值。It is of no use. =It is not useful. =It is useless.它没有用。He is twenty years of age. =He is twenty years old.他20岁了。a man of ability =an able man一个有能力的人a man of learning =a learned man一个博学的人a man of wealth =a wealthy m

21、an一个富有的人a man of experience =an experienced man一个有经验的人a woman of great beauty =a very beautiful woman一个很漂亮的女人9.on（1）在之上There is a book on the desk.桌子上有本书。（2）从事于，处于情况中He saw a soldier on watch at the door.他看见门口有一个士兵在站岗。She is still on leave(on holiday).她仍在休假。（3）关于，论述He wrote a book on the internation

22、al situation.他写了一本关于国际形势的书。（4）一就（表示时间，后接名词或动名词）On arriving(=On his arrival) at the factory, he went to see the manager.他一到工厂就去见经理了。（5）对着，朝向（表示动作方向）They are making an attack on the enemy.他们在向敌人发起攻击。The flood advanced on the village.洪水向村庄冲过来。（6）站在一边，支持He is on our side.他站在我们一边。（7）按照，凭，依靠They live on r

23、ice.他们以大米为生。The theory is based on facts.这个理论是以事实为依据的。10.over（1）在上方There is a long bridge over the river.河上有一座长桥。（2）越过，从上边过去They climbed over the mountain.他们翻过了大山。（3）高于，超过（表示职位、权力、年龄、数目等）He is over Mary in rank.他的职位比玛丽高。（4）遍及，从头至尾（复习、检查等）He went over the notes before the exam.他在考试前把笔记复习了一遍。（5）关于，对于，

24、在方面He took pains over study.他刻苦学习。（6）通过（无线电、电话等）He learned the news over the radio.他从收音机上知道了这个消息。（7）在期间He had flu over Christmas.他在圣诞节期间患了流感。（8）覆盖在上面Mother threw a sheet over the bed.母亲在床上铺了一条床单。11.through（1）通过，经过，穿过They drove through a snowstorm.他们驱车穿过暴风雪。（2）从头到尾经过（指时间）The children are too young to

25、 sit through a concert.这些孩子太小，音乐会没完就坐不住了。（3）经由，以（指方法、手段等）She got her first job through an employment agency.她通过职业中介找到了第一份工作。（4）遍及；在中间We travelled through New England and saw many old towns.我们游遍新英格兰，参观了许多古镇。（5）因为，由于（表示原因）He made the mistake through carelessness.他由于粗心而出了错。12.under（1）在下面，在底下（表位置，其反义词为o

26、ver）Dont stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.下雷暴雨时不要站在树底下。（2）低于，少于，在以下（表示级别、数量、标准等）She earns under 20 a week.她一周挣不到20美元。（3）在之下，在指引下（表从属关系）She studied the piano under her mother.她在母亲的指导下学钢琴。（4）承受者，在之下（表负荷、条件、制约等）Ive been feeling under stress lately.我最近感到压力很大。（5）在期间，在过程中（表示过程）The hotel is still u

27、nder construction.旅馆正在建设中。The question is still under discussion.问题仍在讨论中。13.with（1）和一起They are discussing the matter with the foreign friends.他们在同外国朋友们一起讨论这个问题。（2）用工具He is writing with a pen.他正用钢笔写字。（3）在身边，带有（表示从属关系）I have no money with me.我身上没带钱。（4）对，就来说，关于（表示对象）He is angry with her.他生她的气。（5）尽管，虽然（

28、表示让步）With all his achievements, he remains modest.他尽管很有成就，但仍然很谦虚。（6）用于with 复合结构He left, with the door open.他走了，门开着。三、常用介词搭配介词与名词、动词、形容词、副词等常构成固定搭配，应加以熟记。以下是常用搭配。1.介词与名词的常用搭配（1）at+ n.表示状态at breakfast 在吃早餐 at work 在工作 at dinner 在吃晚饭 at play 在玩耍at sea 在海上 at war 在战争中 at peace 处于和平中 at school 在上学at rest

29、 在休息（2）at+ n.表示时间at daybreak 在黎明 at sunrise 在日出 at dawn 在拂晓 at noon 在正午at Christmas 在圣诞（3）以at开头组成的复合介词短语at the beginning of 在开始 at the cost of 以的代价 at the price of 以的价格at the end of 在的最后 at the mercy of 在的支配下 at/on the point of 在的时刻at the risk of 冒的险 at the foot of 在的脚下 at the sight of 一看到就at the so

30、und of 一听到就（4）on+ n.表示状态on show 在展出 on display 陈列 on sale 出售 on strike 在罢工 on fire 着火 on purpose 故意地 on line 在线上 on duty/guard 在值班 on trial 在受审 on foot 步行 on business 因公 on exhibition 在展览 on the phone/radio 在电话/收音机中 on a trip/journey/tour 在旅行（5）以on开头构成的复合介词短语on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表 on the o

31、ccasion 在时 on condition that 在的条件下（6）by+ n.表示方式by hand 手工的 by air 乘飞机 by bus 乘公交车 by bike 骑自行车 by plane 乘飞机 by train 乘火车 by machine 用机器 by radio 通过收音机 by letter 以书信形式 by turns 轮流by telegraph 以电报形式 by distance 通过距离 by mistake 错误地 by chance 偶然 by accident 偶然 by the day 按天算 by weight/volume/size/number

32、按重量/体积/大小/数量（7）in+ n.表示方式in English 用英语 in character 与个性相称 in shape 在外形上 in size 在大小上in length 在长度上 in height 在海拔上 in width 在宽度上 in depth 在深度上in color 在颜色上 in cash 用现款付的（8）in+ n.表示某种状态、情况in bed 躺在床上 in prison 在狱中 in difficulty 处在困难中 in debt 负债 in business 在做买卖in sight 看得见 in order 整齐 in doubt 怀疑 in

33、battle 在战斗中 in danger 处于危险中in health 健康 in trouble 在麻烦中 in surprise 吃惊 in delight 高兴地 in public 公开的in shame 由于害羞 in fun 开玩笑 in joke 闹着玩地 in silence 沉默着 in comfort 舒适地in a hurry 匆忙地 in angry 生气地 in safety 安全地 in peace 平静地 in silence 沉默地in tears 流着泪 in good condition 安然无恙地 in a good state 状况良好in good

34、health 身体好 in high spirits 情绪高昂地 in doubt 不确定，拿不准（9）以in开头构成的复合介词in addition to 另外 in case of 万一 in charge of 管理 in the charge of 在的管理下in consequence of 由于 in contrast with 与相比 in exchange for 作为交换in favor of 有利于 in the hope/in hopes of 希望 in front of 在前面（外部）in the front of 在前面（内部） in honor of 为了纪念 i

35、n memory of 为了纪念in need of 需要 in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被拥有in the direction of 在方向 in no way 绝不 in no case 绝不 in no time 立刻（10）of+ n.表示特征（等于相应的形容词）of value 有价值 of importance 重要 of use 有用 of help 有帮助 of interest 有兴趣of age 成年的 of significance 有意义（11）out of+ n.表示状态out of s

36、ight 看不到 out of mind 发狂 out of danger 脱离危险 out of trouble 摆脱困难out of office 在野 out of business 失业 out of fashion 不流行 out of order 出故障out of debt 不欠债 out of control 不受控制 out of question 毫无疑问 out of date 过期out of patience 不耐烦 out of the question 不可能（12）to+情感名词，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”，常译为“令某人的是”to ones delight/

37、surprise/honor/sorrow/joy/regret令人高兴/惊讶/荣幸/难过/高兴/遗憾的是，它们还可以转换为另一种说法：to the delight/surprise/honor/sorrow/joy/regret of sb.这种表达法表示结果，用于状语，位置可放于句首、句中、句尾。为了强调，有时可在介词to的前面加much，也可在情感名词前加great，意为“使某人感到大为的是”。Much to his joy/To his great joy, he passed the exam.使他感到大为高兴的是，他通过了那次考试。（13）under+ n.表示被动under di

38、scussion 在讨论中 under repair 在修理中 under treatment 在治疗中 under flood 遭受洪灾 under way 在进行中 under test 在测试（试验）中（14）with+ n.表示方式with pleasure 愉快地，很乐意 with delight 高兴地 with feat 害怕地 with satisfaction 满意地with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 with pride 骄傲地 with interest 有兴趣地with advantage 有优势地 with effect 有效地 w

39、ith success 成功地 with confidence 有信心地with joy 高兴地 with anger 生气地（15）beyond+ n.表示“超出，难以”beyond comprehension 难以理解 beyond description 难以描述 beyond expression 难以表达beyond doubt 不用怀疑 beyond control 失控 beyond reach 够不到 beyond power 权力达不到 beyond question 无可争辩，毫无疑问2.介词与形容词的常用搭配（1）adj.+ aboutbe happy about 对高兴

40、 be worried about 担心 be anxious about 忧虑be careful about 小心 be sure about 对有把握 be curious about 对好奇be excited about 对感到兴奋 be concerned about 挂念，担心 be sorry about 对感到抱歉（2）adj.+ atbe angry at 恼怒于 be good at 擅长于 be bad at 不擅长 be frightened at 受到惊吓be surprised at 对吃惊 be present at 出席 be shocked at 对震惊 b

41、e terrified at 被吓一跳（3）adj.+ inbe rich in 富有 be dressed in 穿着 be successful in 在成功 be strict in 对严格be involved in 包括在中，被卷入 be confident in 对有信心 be abundant in 富有，富于be active in 积极于 be buried in 沉思；陷入 be interested in 对感兴趣（4）adj.+ forbe anxious for 急切盼望，渴望 be eager for 渴望 be famous for 以著名 be fit for

42、适合，胜任be good for 适于，在期间有效 be late for 迟到 be prepared for 为做好准备be ready for 准备好 be sorry for 对感到抱歉 be thankful for 因而感激（5）adj.+ frombe far from 远离 be different from 不同于 be free from 免于 be absent from 缺席be safe from 免受的伤害 be tired from 因而疲乏（6）adj.+ tobe rude to 对无礼 be polite to 对有礼貌 be equal to 平等 be

43、close to 接近be married to 与结婚 be similar to 与相似 be obvious to 显然 be suitable to 适合be/get used to 习惯于 be second to 次于 be known to 为所熟知 due to 由于be friendly to 对友好 be alive to 感觉到，意识到（7）adj.+ ofbe afraid of 害怕 be ashamed of 为感到害臊 be aware of 意识到 be careful of 爱惜，注意be capable of 能够 be composed of 由组成 be

44、 fond of 喜欢 be proud of 因而自豪be/get rid of 除去，摆脱 be short of 短缺 be sure of 坚信，确信 be tired of 厌烦；对厌倦（8）adj.+ withbe acquainted with 与相识 be angry with(sb.) 对（某人）发怒 be busy with 忙于be combined with 与结合 be connected with 与有关 be covered with 被覆盖be filled with 充满 be pleased with 对感到满意 be satisfied with 对满意b

45、e popular with 受的欢迎 be strict with(sb.) 对（某人）要求严格 be content with 对满意3.动词与介词、副词的常用搭配（1）v.+ aboutspeak/talk about 谈论 think about 思考 set about 着手，开始 come about 发生 hear about 听说worry about 为担心 bring about 引起，使发生 care about 关心，在乎 argue about 辩论carry about 随身携带 look about 四下环顾（2）v.+ atglance at 瞥一眼 smile

46、 at 向微笑 come at 向袭击 laugh at 嘲笑 arrive at 到达work at 干活（研究） look at 看，注视 stare at 凝视 glare at 怒视 shout at 冲（某人）嚷嚷point at 指向 aim at 向瞄准 shoot at 向射击 wonder at 惊讶于 call at 拜访（地点）（3）v.+ fromlearn from 向学习 die from 死于（外因） come from 来自 suffer from 受之苦hear from 收到的来信 date from 起源于 result from 由于 differ fr

47、om 与不同distinguish from 与不同 judge from 从判断 separatefrom 把分离开keep/stop/preventfrom 阻止做（4）v.+ withmix with 与混合 fight with 与争斗 quarrel with 与争吵 reason with 与讲理connect with 与相连 deal with 处理，对付 do with 处理，对待 meet with 遇到，遭受agree with 同意 talk with 同交谈 combinewith 把与结合 compare with 与相比equipwith 以装备 coverwit

48、h 用覆盖 begin with 以开始 end with 以结束supplywith 以供给 providewith 以供给 play with 玩，玩弄（5）v.+ inturn in 上交 draw in 吸引 give in 让步 call in 召集，来访 hand in 上交 consist in 在于，存在于succeed in 在方面成功 bring in 引进，使得到收入 result in 导致 check in 报到，登记fill in 注满 join in 参加 take in 接纳，吸收 break in 强制进入，插入 differ in 在方面不同（6）v.+ o

49、fdream of 梦到，渴望 hear of 听说 talk of 谈论 die of 死于（内因） consist of 由组成become of 发生情况，怎么样（7）v.+ onact on 按行事 live on 以为生 work on 从事工作 depend on 依靠rely on 依靠 look on 旁观 turn on 打开 switch on 打开 pull on 穿上 put on 穿上have on 穿着 keep/go on 继续 call on 拜访（某人） insist on 坚持 carry on 继续，进行move on 继续移动，往前走 feed on 以

50、为主食 try on 试穿 hold on 等一等（别挂电话）（8）v.+ tolisten to 听 reply to 回答 adjust to 调整 adapt to 适应 refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅object to 反对 point to 指向 turn to 向求助，查阅 stick to 坚持，忠于 add to 增加see to 处理，料理 come to 共计，苏醒 get to 到达 agree to 同意 lead to 导致，通向devoteto 贡献于 attend to 专心，注意；照顾 write to 给写信 belong to 属于（9）v.+ outb

51、reak out 爆发 point out 指出 carry out 执行 bring out 阐明，使表现出 burst out迸发help out 救助 set out 出发，着手 figure out 算出；弄明白 wear out 穿破，使疲劳turn out 结果是，生产 make out 理解，看清楚 come out 出版，出来 check out 查明，结账pick out 挑出，辨别出 look out 向外看；注意，当心 leave out 省去，遗漏，不把计算在内keep out 使不进入 give out 分发，发布，使精疲力竭 die out 消失，灭绝 run ou

52、t 用完（10）v.+ forhope for 希望 send for 派人去叫 pay for 为付钱 leave for 动身去 care for 喜欢fight for 为而斗争 plan for 为计划 prepare for 为做准备 search for 寻找answer for 为负责 provide for 提供 apologize for 为道歉 hunt for 寻找 ask for 要求得到 long for 渴望 wait for 等候 beg for 乞求 look for 寻找 call for 需要，要求 stand for 代表，表示 seek for 寻找（1

53、1）v.+ overturn over 翻倒，细想 think over 仔细考虑 go over 审阅，检查，研究 look over 翻阅，检查get over 克服 roll over 翻滚 take over 接管，接替 fall over 跌倒，摔倒change over 更换 knock over 推翻；（用车）把人撞倒 push over 推倒（12）v.+ upgrow up 成长，长大 give up 放弃，献出 build up 建立 fix up 修理，安装，提供burn up 烧毁 go up 增长，上涨 do up 整理，包装，打扮 get up 起床，站起 brea

54、k up 拆散，收拾，放晴 hurry up 赶快 cut up 切碎 stay up 挺住，熬夜 wake up 醒来 come up 上来，长出，出现 speed up 加快速度 look up 查找，找出 send up 发射 ring up 打电话 tear up 撕碎，拆除 hang up 挂断电话 check up 核对，检验clear up 整理，收拾，放晴 keep up 保持，维护，继续 make up 构成，组成，化妆 bring up 抚养，呕吐，提出 take up 开始学，从事，占据 pick up 拾起，学会，用车来接，收听到 put up 搭起，架起，安装，住宿，张贴 turn up 开大（音量等），出席，出现 set up 架起，建立（13）v.+ throughget through 通过，接通电话 putthrough 接通电话 pull through 渡过危机，康复look through 翻阅，看一遍，仔细查看 go through 审阅，检查，学习 drive through 开车穿过（街道等） carry through 坚持到底，完成专心-专注-专业