love-is-a-fallacy---part--3-(爱是谬误)课文分析PPT优秀课件

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1、 Section I (Paras.1-3): the authors note. 1. The authors idea about this story. 2. The authors idea about the purpose of this story. Section II (Paras.4-59): the bargain between the law student and his roommate over the exchange of the girl.1. (para.4) introduction of the narrator: protagonist2. (pa

2、ras.5-21) introduction of the first antagonist: Petey Burch. 3. (paras.22-27) introduction of the second antagonist: Polly Espy. Section II (Paras.4-59): the bargain between the law student and his roommate over the exchange of the girl. 4. (paras. 28-40) sounding out(探询探询) the relationship between

3、Petey and Polly.5. (paras.40-59) unethical(不道德的不道德的) transaction over Polly Section III (Paras.60-124): the teaching of 8 logical fallacies1. (para.60-61) a survey, first date with the girl, first impression of the girl. He tries to find out how stupid she is.2. (paras.62-74) Dicto Simpliciter 3. (p

4、aras.75-79) Hasty Generalization Section III (Paras.60-124): the teaching of 8 logical fallacies4. (paras. 28-40) sounding out(探询探询) the relationship between Petey and Polly.5. (paras.40-59)unethical transaction overPolly7. (paras.99-104) Misericordiam8. (paras.105-108) False Analogy9.(paras.109-114

5、) Hypothesis Contrary to Fact10. (paras.115-124) Poisoning the Well Section IV (Paras. 125-154): the ending of the story: backfiring of all the arguments(paras.125-152) The quarrel between the boy and the girl. (climax especially paras. 147-150) (paras.153-154) Modulation (the falling action) Dobie

6、Gillis（the narrator）Polly Espy(the girl)Declaration of love to PollyPetey BurchPromised to be his GFA raccoon coatRefuted all his arguments as logical fallacies.The whole story The writer is satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school The very beginning the narrator begins with all th

7、e beautiful words he can think of to praise himself at every conceivable opportunity and takes every opportunity to downgrade his roommate.As the story went on. -The narrator made a deal with his roommate. -First date with Polly, disappointed - Decided to teach her to think and to learn logic -After

8、 lessons, tried to changed relationship from academic to romanticThe climax -Polly refuses to go steady with the narrator because she has already promised to be Peteys girlfriend -The narrator had a raccoon coat-big men were wearingThe ending. - Ironic -The narrator has got what he deserved. He has

9、been too clever for his own good.1. “Sounds yummy,” was Pollys reaction. (Para.110) yummy: (American colloquialism) echoic of a sound made in expressing pleasure at a taste; very tasty; delectableSounds fine2.“Did you see the movie? Oh, it just knocked me out. That Walter Pidgeon is so dreamy. I mea

10、n he fractures me.” (Para.112) excellent, wonderful, delightfulto evoke a strong reaction in someone; to cause to react with enthusiasmI was excited and filled with pleasure by the movie. That well-known actor Walter Pidgeon is so wonderful and he fascinates me.3. One more chance, I decided. But jus

11、t one more. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Para.115) Ellipsis and inversion. I decided that I would give her one more chance. There is a limit to what any human being can bear.Implied meaning：if I failed this time, I would give up.5. I watched her closely as she knit her creamy

12、brow in concentration. Suddenly, a glimmer of intelligencethe first I had seencame into her eyes. (Para.118) to draw the brows together (as when thinking hard) 眉头紧锁，精力集中眉头紧锁，精力集中glimmer: n. a faint unsteady light or a small uncertain sign 微弱的闪光；微弱的闪光；微弱的征兆微弱的征兆a glimmer of intelligence 一线智慧一线智慧I wat

13、ched her as she thought very hard. Suddenly, from her eyes I could see for the first time a small uncertain sign showing she was beginning to understand the problem.6. “Right!” I cried exultantly. “One hundred percent right. Its not fair. The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drin

14、k from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. (Para.119) exultant: ad. (fml.or lit.) jubilant 兴高采烈的兴高采烈的hamstring: v. to make (a person or group) ineffective or powerless; crippleHe has made his opponent powerless/disabled his opponent before he has the chance to defend himsel

15、f.7. Heartened by the knowledge that Polly was not altogether a cretin, I began a long, patient review of all I had told her. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. (Para.123) v. (often passive) encourage 使振作，高兴；鼓励使振作，高兴；鼓励n. (taboo slan

16、g) an extremely stupid personto keep emphasizing or talking aboutlstopping; relaxingI was encouraged when I knew that Polly was not a hopeless idiot. So over and over again I gave examples and pointed out the mistakes in her thinking. I kept emphasizing all this without stopping.8. It was like diggi

17、ng a tunnel. At first everything was work, sweat, and darkness. I had no idea when I would reach the light, or even if I would. But I persisted. I pounded and clawed and scraped, and finally I was rewarded. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was

18、 bright. (Para.123) Simile, comparing his teaching to the hard work of digging a tunnel.v. scratch, clutch, as with claws (nails) 抓；挠抓；挠v. scratch, cut the surface of slightly 刮除At first it was very hard work (sweating and working in the dark) but finally he saw the light at the end of the tunnel an

19、d knew he had succeeded in digging this way through. After a lot of hard work he managed to make Polly think logically. When he went out at the other end of the tunnel he found the sun shining brightly. Everything looked bright and happy.9. Five grueling nights this took, but it was worth it. I had

20、made a logician out of Polly; (Para.124) I had turned Polly into a logician.10. She was worthy of me at last. She was a fit wife for me, a proper hostess for my many mansions, a suitable mother for my well-heeled children. (Para.124) She was worthy of me at last: This, once again, shows the narrator

21、s conceit. Polly was not good enough to be his wife at first.(American slang) rich, prosperousHere the narrator describes the role what he think his wife should play. Can you imagine the image of his wife according this sentence?Here the narrator describes the role, which he thinks, a wife should pl

22、ay. First she should be a proper hostess of a rich man who ownsmany mansions. In other words she should be good at entertaining his rich friends and clients and thus further his career. Second, she should be a good mother and properly look after his rich and prosperous children.11. It must not be th

23、ought that I was without love for this girl. Quite the contrary. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. (Para.125) It must not be thought that I was without love for this girl: double negation.Quite the contrary, I loved this girl.Just as Pygmalion lovedso I lov

24、ed mine: Analogy, comparing my love of Polly to Pygmalions love towards his sculpture work. It also indicates that I regard Polly as my possession; I take it for granted that she belongs to me.（Para 22）He didnt have it exactly, but at least he had first rights on it.Pygmalion：a king of Cyprus（塞浦路斯）,

25、 was a famous sculptor. He made a beautiful ivory statue of a woman and gave it the name of Galatea（加拉泰亚）, and fell in love with it. At his prayers ,Aphroditethe goddess of beauty and love（爱神阿芙洛狄忒 ), gave it life. And Galatea ,now a woman in flesh and blood, became Pygmalion wife. Aphrodite, came to

26、 their wedding. 希神希神 比哥马利恩比哥马利恩( (塞浦路斯国王；热恋自己雕的少女像塞浦路斯国王；热恋自己雕的少女像) )12. “I beg your pardon,” said I. (Para.130) A polite formula of apology, disagreement, etc. Here the narrator uses this polite formula to express his surprise and disbelief. He did not know what to make of Pollys answer.A sense of

27、embarrassment 13. I chuckled with amusement. The dear child had learned her lessons well. “My dear,” I Said, patting her hand in a tolerant manner, “five dates is plenty. After all, you dont have to eat a whole cake to know its good.” (Para.132) This self-conceited and arrogant freshman adopts a ver

28、y patronizing（傲慢的）（傲慢的） attitude towards Polly. This dear little girl has learnt very well what I taught her.His patronizing not only in speech and tone but also in action. He patted her hand in such a way as to show that he was trying to put up with something he did not especially like.14. “Polly,

29、I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. Please, my darling, say that you will go steady with me, for if you will not, life will be meaningless. I will languish. I will refuse my meals. I will wander the face of the earth, a shambli

30、ng, hollow-eyed hulk.” (Para.135) n. a group of fixed stars often having a namev. to walk awkwardly, dragging the feetn. a heavy, awkward person 笨重的东西笨重的东西/人；庞然大物人；庞然大物波利，我爱你。你是我的整个世界，我的月亮，我的星星，波利，我爱你。你是我的整个世界，我的月亮，我的星星，我的宇宙。亲爱的，请说你要和我坚守在一起吧！不然，我的宇宙。亲爱的，请说你要和我坚守在一起吧！不然，我的生活将会失去意义；我将会萎靡不振，茶不思，饭不想；我的生

31、活将会失去意义；我将会萎靡不振，茶不思，饭不想；我将成为到处游荡，步履蹒跚，无精打采的躯壳。我将成为到处游荡，步履蹒跚，无精打采的躯壳。15. There, I thought, folding my arms, that ought to do it. (Para.136) This direct declaration of love should move Polly to accept my love.16. I ground my teeth. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the

32、throat. (Para.138) I ground my teeth: an action, showing extreme exasperation, but still trying hard to control his rising temper.had sb. by the throat: attack by seizing and squeezing ones throatI was not Pygmalionby the throat: These two allusions are well chosen. He planned to be Pygmalion, to fa

33、shion an ideal wife for himself; but he became Frankenstein for Polly (his student) ultimately rejected him (her teacher).Frankenstein：the title character in a novel by Shelley.主人公弗兰肯斯坦是一位从事人的生命科学研究的学者，他力图主人公弗兰肯斯坦是一位从事人的生命科学研究的学者，他力图用人工创造出生命。在他的实验室里，通过无数次的探索，他创用人工创造出生命。在他的实验室里，通过无数次的探索，他创造了一个面目可憎，奇丑

34、无比的怪物。开始时，这人造的怪物秉造了一个面目可憎，奇丑无比的怪物。开始时，这人造的怪物秉性善良，对人充满了善意和感恩之情。性善良，对人充满了善意和感恩之情。他要求他的创造者和人们他要求他的创造者和人们给予他人生的种种权利，甚至要求为他创造一个配偶给予他人生的种种权利，甚至要求为他创造一个配偶,被主人公拒被主人公拒绝了。绝了。但是，当他处处受到他的创造者和人们的嫌恶和岐视时，但是，当他处处受到他的创造者和人们的嫌恶和岐视时，他感到非常痛苦。他憎恨一切，他想毁灭一切。他杀害了弗兰肯他感到非常痛苦。他憎恨一切，他想毁灭一切。他杀害了弗兰肯斯坦的弟弟威廉，他又企图谋害弗兰肯斯坦的未婚妻伊丽莎白。斯坦

35、的弟弟威廉，他又企图谋害弗兰肯斯坦的未婚妻伊丽莎白。弗兰肯斯坦怀着满腔怒火追捕他所创造的恶魔般的怪物。最后，弗兰肯斯坦怀着满腔怒火追捕他所创造的恶魔般的怪物。最后，在搏斗中，弗兰肯斯坦和怪物同归于尽。在搏斗中，弗兰肯斯坦和怪物同归于尽。 本书揭示了作者的哲学观点。她认为人具有双重性格本书揭示了作者的哲学观点。她认为人具有双重性格善善与恶。长期受人嫌恶、岐视和迫害会使人变得邪恶而干出种种坏与恶。长期受人嫌恶、岐视和迫害会使人变得邪恶而干出种种坏事，甚至发展到不可收拾的地步。事，甚至发展到不可收拾的地步。P-78Now the word often refers to an agency or a

36、 creates that slips from the control of and ultimately destroys its creator.新的单词新的单词FrankensteinFrankenstein：一个最终毁了它的创造者的东西。：一个最终毁了它的创造者的东西。17. Frantically I fought back the tide of panic surging through me. At all costs I had to keep cool. (Para.138) Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic

37、 that was overwhelming me. I tried, by every means possible, to keep calm.18. I dashed perspiration from my brow. “Polly,” I croaked, “you mustnt take all these things so literally. I mean this is just classroom stuff. You know that the things you learn in school dont have anything to do with life.”

38、 (Para.145)exasperationdesperationHe is making a last attempt to win Pollys love. “Polly, you mustnt take all the logical fallacies I taught you seriously as real facts.Why does the narrator argue that “the things you learn in school dont have anything to do with life”? Do you agree?A final desperat

39、e attempt to make Polly forget the fallacies he taught her. He might yet be able to convince Polly that he loves her and that she should go steady with him. You know that the (foolish and worthless) things you learn in school have no real use in life.19.That did it. I leaped to my feet, bellowing li

40、ke a bull. “Will you or will you not go steady with me?” (Para.147) “That” refers to what has gone before and “it” refers to the result or consequence brought about by “that”. In the context, “that” refers to Pollys last answer and “it” to his loss of temper, “bellowing like a bull.”That was the fin

41、al straw. That made me lose my patience.Simile, comparing his angry shouts to the bellowing of a bull. I got so angry that I jumped to my feet and shouted.20. I reeled back, overcome with the infamy of it. (Para.151) I staggered back, overcome by the great wickedness of Peteys traitorous act.21. Aft

42、er he promised, after he made a deal, after he shook my hand! “The rat! I shrieked, kicking up great chunks of turf . “You cant go with him, Polly. Hes a liar. Hes a cheat. Hes a rat.” (Para.151) shook my hand: The shaking of hands concludes or seals a bargain. It is the final act to show that the d

43、eal is made. After he made my hand: Ellipsis. He did his traitorous act after he promised. metaphor, comparing Petey to a rat. “Rat” (American slang) is used for describing a sneaky, contemptible person who deserts or betrays a cause or a friend.The parallel sentences show the narrators rage over Pe

44、teys betrayal.22. Look at mea brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Peteya knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy wholl never know where his next meal is coming from. (Para.153) a safe and secure futurean incompetent or stupid person.referring to an emotionally u

45、nstable personAntithesis. “Brilliant, intellectual and assured” are balanced against “knot-headed, jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”. “Can you give me one logical reason why you should go steady with Petey Burch?” “I certainly can,” declared Polly. “Hes got a raccoon coat.

46、”It shows that the boys assumption of what his teaching might be leading to his success in his love affair is wrong.The denouement（结局）（结局） follows rapidly and ends on a very ironic tone. The raccoon coat which he gave to Petey Burch for the privilege of dating his girl, the raccoon coat which the na

47、rrator disliked and abhorred, was the instrument of his undoing. Polly Espy promised to go steady with Petey Burch because he owned a raccoon coat, a coat that all fashionable people on campus were wearing. To the end of the story, we readers feel the narrator has got what he deserved. He has been t

48、oo clever for his own good. Style Appreciation About the Style of the TextMax Shulman has a style quite his own. The story goes forward at a very fast pace with a racy(有趣的；生动的有趣的；生动的) dialogue full of American colloquialism and slangs. He employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his sto

49、ry vivid, dramatic and colorful. The lexical spectrum is wide from the ultra(过过激的激的) learned terms used by the conceited narrator to the clipped vulgar forms of Polly EspyStyle Appreciation About the Style of the Text He uses figurative language profusely and also grammatical inversion for special e

50、mphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. This mix adds to the realism of the story. One would expect a freshman to talk like this. The Chief Attraction of the TextThe humorThe whole story is a piece of ligh

51、t, humorous satire, satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school.1. the titleThe title is humorous. The writer wants the readers to conclude that “love” is an error, a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic.2. the authors note“spongy”, “limp”, “flaccid” a

52、re specific characteristics of his essay. He is joking, which indicates that the whole story is humorous. The Chief Attraction of theTextThe humor 3. the contrast the law student & the girl & Peteyboasting himself V.S.downgrading the others4. the ending of the storythe raccoon coat which the law stu

53、dent despises（轻视） and give it to his roommate for the exchange of his girl friend has finally become the rootcause of his losing his girl friend.5. the clever choice of the namesPettey: pityEspy: I spy 1. American colloquialism2. Informal style short sentences elliptical sentences dashes 3. rhetoric

54、al devices: simile, metaphor, analogy4. sharp contrast in the languageThe law student uses ultra learned termsstandard English100% correct Poly uses clipped vulgar forms, slang wordsgee, magnif, terrif, pshaw, 5. inverted sentencesLanguage FeaturesO HenryExceeding ones expectations, and are in reaso

55、n The similarity of writing style between O Henry and Max Shulman based on this text. Max Shulman O HenryExceeding ones expectations, and are in reason; humorous satireExceeding ones expectations, and are in reason; satirichumorhumorelliptical sentences; the use of short sentencessuccinct in style (

56、文字简练)American writerAmerican writera very fast pace with a racy(有趣的,生的)dialogue;vivid and dramatic and colorfulvivid descriptionThe main theme of the story, however, is stated by the writer in the title of the story: “Love is a fallacy”conclusion2. whats your understanding to love?Having learned thi

57、s text,1. Do you think the narrator really love Polly?The Nightingale and the Rose: the boy 3.3.一花一世界，一沙一天国。君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫一花一世界，一沙一天国。君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫To see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower hold infinity in the palm of your hand and eternity in an hour.1.1.对于这个世界而言，你只是某个人：但对于某个人而言，你就是全世界对于这个世界而言，你只是某个人：但对于某个人而言，你就是全世界 To the world you may be one person, but to the person you may be the world2.2.我爱你，不是因为你是怎样的人，而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉我爱你，不是因为你是怎样的人，而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉I love you, not because what youre, but like the feel when I with you.The endThank you all