中考英语阅读理解分类解读

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1、文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！ 中考英语阅读理解分类解读 兼选编2008年各地中考英语阅读理解试题山东 张贵福 文章来源：2008年下半年度试题与研究一、人物故事类 【命题趋势】人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。【应试对策】人物故事类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，短语往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意思即可，有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好

2、这类题的关键。那么，怎样准确理解细节呢？首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。【典型考题】 (1)When we asked students what they want to be, they often talk about unusual jobs, things like teachers and doctors. But if you think about it, many people dont plan to do their j

3、obs. They just start doing them by accident. We have talked to two people with unusual jobs.Emily is a dentist but she doesnt work with people. She works with horses. After university she took care of animals health for several years, but she notices that there were few people who could help horses

4、teeth. She deicide to go to college and study again. Then she had to buy special tools, but she is never out of work. Shed always very busy taking care of horses teeth. “I couldnt be a dentist for people now,” Emily said, “because I really enjoy working with horses.”As soon as David could read, he r

5、ead books about robots, but the robots he build today dont look like the strange robot people in his books. He build robots for industry. Early one he made up his mind to study math, science and computers so that he could break into the world of robot engineering. “Some of the math is very difficult

6、.” say David, “but you must study math to be an engineer.” Fortunately he got top marks in all his math exams.1. Emily doesnt want to be a dentist because _. A. the pay is lowB. she has to buy special tools C. she will be out of workD. she likes working with horses2. To become a robot engineer, Davi

7、d _. A. need to worryB. bought a lot of robots C. had to study hardD. didnt have to go to college3. David got top marks in all his math exams, although _. A. math was not easy to studyB. he has to study math to be an engineer C. he could break into the world of robot engineering D. he made up his mi

8、nd to study math, science and computers（2008年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷） （2）One day when Jack was walking in the park, he saw a woman, who lived a few miles away, sitting on a bench with a dog beside her. The dog was looking up at the woman.Jack walked up to the woman and said, Hello, Sue, how are you? May I si

9、t and talk with you for a while? Of course, please sit down, Sue said. Jack sat down next to Sue on the bench, and they talked quietly together. The dog continued to look up at Sue, as if waiting to be fed.Thats a nice dog, isnt he? Jack said, pointing at the animal.Yes, he is. Hes handsome. Hes a b

10、it of a mixture, but thats not a bad thing. Hes strong and healthy.And hungry, Jack said. He hasnt taken his eyes off you. He thinks youve got some food for him.Thats true, Sue said. But I havent.They both laughed and then Jack said, Does your dog bite?No, Sue said, Hes never bitten anyone. Hes alwa

11、ys gentle and friendly.Hearing this, Jack decided to hold out his hand and touched the animals head. Suddenly it jumped up and bit him.Hey! Jack shouted. You said your dog didnt bite.Sue replied in surprise, Yeah, I did. But this is not my dog. My dogs at home. 4.The dog looked at the woman because

12、_.A. the woman wanted to feed him B. the woman was friendlyC. he was strong and healthy D. he was hungry5.Jack and Sue were _.A. friends B. next-door neighborsC. strangers D. in the same family6. Jack touched the dog because he believed _.A. the dog was handsome B. Sues dog was unfriendlyC. the dog

13、belonged to SueD. Sues dog was at home7.We can infer form the passage that _.A. Sue gave a wrong answerB. Jack made a mistakeC. the dog wasnt dangerousD. both Jack and Sue liked the dog8. Which of the Following can be the best title of the passage?A. A Wrong Question B. Sues DogC. A pleasant Meeting

14、 D. Sues Friend（2008年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试）参考答案：15 DCA DA 68 CBA二、社会文化类【命题趋势】语言是社会文化的重要载体。学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势：1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。2.一般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙文居多。3.命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。【应试对策】对英语语言、社会、文化

15、的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意：1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通中学毕业生来说，应具备20003500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。2.扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。从近五年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁。了解设问

16、形式，感悟设问特点。3.广泛涉猎，丰富消遣阅读。【典型考题】 （1）第一节：阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项完成下列各题。（10分）Beijing Opera is also called Peking Opera. It came into being after 1790 when the famous four Anhui opera troupes(戏班) came to Beijing. Its music and singing(唱腔) come from Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei. Its costumes are all fasc

17、inating and artistic. It is the highest expression of the Chinese culture. Its full of famous stories, beautiful facial paintings, and wonderful gestures and fighting. This kind of opera is very popular with Chinese people.There are four main roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Sheng

18、is the leading male(男性) actor. For example, a Wusheng is a soldier or fighter. A Xiaosheng is a young man. A Laosheng is an old man. Dan is the female(女性) role. Jing, mostly male, is the face-painted role and Chou is the comedy actor or clown.Stories in Beijing Opera are very interesting. Some of th

19、em are from the history book, but most of them are from the literature, especially famous novels. The people in the story usually have some disagreements. They become angry and unhappy. They are sad and lonely. Sometimes they are nervous and worried. Then they find a way to make peace. The stories u

20、sually end with happiness and laughter and people are all happy in the end.( )56. Beijing Operas singing is from _.A. Anhui and Hubei B. Beijing and AnhuiC. the history bookD. the literature and novels( )57. The second paragraph(段落) of the reading is about the _ of Beijing Opera.A. stories B. roles

21、C. gestures D. paintings( )58. From the reading, we know the role Chou most probably has a (n) _ feature.A. honest B. funnyC. dull D. serious( ) 59. Which of the following is the role Sheng?A. B. C. D. ( ) 60. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Peking Opera is full of different gestures. B

22、. There are only four roles in Beijing Opera.C. Beijing Opera is the most popular in the world.D. The people in the story usually are in agreement.第二节：阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项完成下列各题。（10分）October16 is World Food Day. This day is also the anniversary(纪念日) of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organizati

23、on (FAO)(联合国粮农组织).More than100 countries are holding special events. All of these aim to celebrate the establishment of the FAO in 1945. The theme chosen for this years World Food Day is “Water: Source(资源) of Food Security”.A UN report says that over 6 million people have died from hunger and relate

24、d diseases so far this year alone. More than 850 million people, or about one in seven, around the world do not get enough food, and the need for food will increase as the worlds population grows. The UN also reports that by year 2030, the world may need 60% more food. Most of that increase will hav

25、e to come from agriculture supported by water irrigation(灌溉). However, fresh water is already in short supply in many countries. Jacques Diouf, the director of the FAO, says that there are 20 countries that do not have enough water to produce enough food for their populations. Ten nations use more t

26、han 40% of their total fresh water for agriculture. He fears that the problem will only become worse as the need for water by people and by industry grows. So water is one of the most important things in the world today.( ) 61. The underlined(画线的) word “establishment” has the same meaning as _.A. pi

27、cking up B. making up C. cutting up D. setting up( ) 62. In the world, more than _ people have died because of hunger this year.A. 6 million B. 2 million C. 850 millionD. 100 million( ) 63. What Mr. Diouf says shows that he most worries about_.A. the future of the FAO B. the short of water C. the ov

28、ergrowth of population D. the development of the environment( ) 64. The reading above implies(暗示) that _.A. fresh water for us is quite enoughB. the worlds population is getting smaller C. we will need more water to irrigate D. industry is the most important thing today( ) 65. The passage is mainly

29、about _.A. how to celebrate World Food Day B. the increase of food in many countriesC. the importance of water for food D. the UN Food and Agriculture Organization（湖北省十堰市2008年初中毕业生学业考试） （2）Bargaining is the rule here in Beijing. At least, it is so in most markets and back-street clothes shops. Barga

30、ining is an art and if you are unfamiliar(不熟悉) with it, wed like to offer you some advice. The tips(窍门) here are often used in Beijing but may help you at any place in the world where bargaining is practiced.DO NOT say how much you want to pay for an item(物品) unless its near the end of the bargainin

31、g. Always try and drop the sellers offering price as much as possible before opening your mouth with a price.DO throw out really low prices like 10 RMB with a big smile.DO keep smiling from the beginning to the end. The seller usually continues bargaining with a happy smiling face. Getting angry har

32、dly gets you the price you want.KEEP in mind the price offered by the seller at the beginning is usually at least 40% over the generally reasonable price. It can be up to 500% over.DO have an idea of what the item costs. You can ask your friends, people in the hotel or others you know, or look at th

33、e list below. This is very general and is based(根据) on a market like Xiu Shui. You may not be able to get the lowest prices at Xiu Shui, especially on a weekend when there are lots of tourists around.56. Who is this passage written for?A. Owners of back-street shops.B. Businessmen in Beijing.C. Thos

34、e who are good at bargaining.D. Those who travel in Beijing.57. What is the topic the writer is mainly talking about in this passage? A. Beijing markets.B. Bargaining tips. C. Lowest prices.D. Sellers offer. 58. What is the most important thing to do in bargaining with the seller? A. Keep smiling.B.

35、 Be patient. C. Dont get angry.D. Dont say anything. 59. What is NOT included in the tips often used to bargain in Beijing?A. Find out the true price and go to the markets with friends.B. Dont offer your price until the end of the bargaining with a smile.C. Drop the sellers offering price four or fi

36、ve times（倍）until he agrees.D. Dont go to markets at the time when there are too many tourists. 60. Which of the following can help you get an item you want at the lowest price?A. Whenever you go shopping, take a price list with you. B. You can bargain for anything at the price of 10 RMB.C. The price

37、 range(范围) for you to bargain is usually between 40% and 500%. D. Xiu Shui Market is the biggest shopping center where prices are always reasonable.（2008年湖北省宜昌市初中毕业生学业考试） （3）C. Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案): ( 6分)The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago. There are some tra

38、ditions that you can find almost anywhere, anytime, such as sending birthday cards, blowing out the candles on a birthday cake and singing the Happy Birthday song. Others are only found for certain ages and in certain countries.In China, on a childs second birthday, family members put many things on

39、 the floor around the child. According to Chinese tradition, the first thing that the child picks up tells you what profession the child will choose later in life.For Japanese children, the third, fifth and seventh birthdays are especially important. At this age, there is a special celebration Shich

40、i-Go-San (seven, five, three in Japanese) when children go to the temple wearing a new kimono (和服). The priest (僧侣) gives them special sweets, and the parents usually organize a party for their friends in their home.In Argentina, Mexico and several other Latin American countries, girls have a specia

41、l birthday celebration when they reach the age of fifteen. After a special ceremony (仪式), the girls dance a waltz with their father and other boys.Eighteen is the traditional coming of age the age when (in many countries) you have the right to vote (选举), join the army and (in Britain) drink alcohol

42、or buy a house.In many English-speaking countries, a twenty-first birthday cake often has a key on top, or the cake itself is sometimes in the shape of a key. The key means that the young person is now old enough to leave and enter the family home at any time they want to! 84.Which of the following

43、birthday traditions can be found almost anywhere, anytime?A) Putting many things on the floor.B) Wearing a new kimono.C) Dancing a waltz.D) Sending birthday cards.85.The _ usually organize a party at childrens special birthday celebration in Japan.A) priestsB) parentsC) friendsD) relatives86.Mexican

44、 girls have a special birthday celebration at the age of _.A) fiveB) sevenC) fifteenD) twenty-one87.In many countries you can _ when you reach the age of eighteen.A) join the army B) have a keyC) have a special ceremonyD) have special sweets88. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?A) The tra

45、dition of birthday parties started a long time ago.B) Some birthday traditions are only found in certain countries.C) You become the owner of your house at the age of fifteen.D) In many countries you have the right to vote at the age of eighteen.89. Which is the best title of this passage?A) Birthda

46、y Traditions around the WorldB) Chinese Birthday CelebrationsC) Japanese Special Celebration D) The Drinking Age in Many Countries（2008年上海市初中毕业生统一学业考试）（4） You may have known several kinds of police, traffic police, and street police. But have you ever heard of energy-saving(节能) policemen ?A group of

47、 22 of these new policemen went to work last week in Beijing. They go around the city to see the use of energy in hotels, office buildings, shopping centers and onther public places. One of their aims is to make sure that these sites have set their air conditioning(空调) no cooler than 26 .They also s

48、et up a special phone line so that people can tell them which buildings fail to follow the rule.“If everyone sets their air conditioning at 26 , Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours of electricity in one summer. Thats one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,” said a TV advertise

49、ment.Other Chinese cities, like Wuhan in Hubei Province and Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, are going to follow Beijings steps in setting up a similar police team.As one of the fastest developing countries, China is using a lot of energy. This has a great effect on the countrys environment and limited

50、 energy.From 1986 to 2005, the country experienced 20 warm winters continuously. Numbers show that Chinese cities have to spend billion of yuan solving(解决) environmental problems every year.At the beginning of this month, China made its first action plan to fight pollution. It aims to reduce energy

51、usage by 20 and increase renewable energy up to 10 from 7 by 2010.To introduce the public to a green life, last week Beijing held a show on energy-saving technology and productions. Environment-friendly machines, such as a vending machine that helps colllect used bottles, have attracted lots of atte

52、ntion.“We want to tell people that there are certain ways to protect the environment. Each of us can find effective ways to do it in our daily lives,” said Liu Qianguang, an environmental engineer in Beijing.61. The job of the energy-saving policemen is _ . A. to set the air conditioning cooler B. t

53、o check the use of energy in public places C. to set up a special phone line D. to make sure that more energy will be produced62. Beijing will use _ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer. A. 1200 B. 800 C. 400 D. 13363. Which of the following years winters were all warm in China ? A. 1984

54、-1988. B. 1999-2003 C. 2002-2006. D. 2005-2009.64. In the year 2010 Chinas energy usage is going to be cut by _ . A. 20 B.10 C. 7 D. 17 65.According to Liu Qianguang, _ . A. there is few ways to protect the environment B. its difficult to find good ways to save energy C. its easy for one to do somet

55、hing good for the environment D. its not easy for one to do something good for the environment参考答案：ABBDADABCCDBAACDBCACABABAC（广东省茂名市2008年初中毕业学业考试与高中阶段学校招生考试）三、逸闻趣事类：【命题趋势】逸闻趣事以日常生活中的事情入手，描述一些鲜为人知的事。幽默故事是其主要内容。选材多来源于日常生活，给人似曾相识之感，但随着故事的发展、展开、结束，给人以意外的感觉。逸闻趣事类文章有以下趋势：1.特点：文章简短，描述一个片断。2.命题：多考查对事件的发生、发展

56、和结局进行合理的推断。3.选材：描述“另类”，标新立异。【应试对策】1.阅读这种文章，应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。2.若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。它们是我们读懂趣闻逸事所必需的。3.若是幽默故事，应体会风趣的对话、特别的动作，它们是幽默的精髓。【典型考题】 （1）One day, Bruce played in front of a house. A woman came up and asked Bruce, “Little boy, is your mother at

57、home?”“Yes, she is,” answered the boy.Then the woman went over to ring the bell. The bell rang and rang, but no one came to open the door. The woman got angry and called out to him, “You told me your mother was at home, didnt you?”“Yes,” the boy answered. “My mother is at home, but this isnt my home

58、.” 1.One day, Bruce played _.A. in a park B. in the streetC. in front of a shop D. in front of a house 2.The woman wanted to see _.A. Bruces mother B. Bruces fatherC. Bruce himself D. nobody 3.The woman went over to _ after she talked with Bruce.A. knock at the door of the house B. ring the bell of

59、the houseC. give a call to his mother D. ask his mother some questions4.The woman got _ because no. one came to open the door.A. pleased B. surprised C. angry D. afraid5.In the story the woman didnt find Bruces mother because _.A. she went to the wrong house B. she didnt know Bruces motherC. Bruce w

60、as not at home D. Bruce didnt have a mother（北京朝阳区2008中考英语试卷）参考答案：45D 46A 47B 48C 49A （2）Once there was a baby eagle living in a nest (巢)on a cliff(山崖).The baby eagle loved his nest. It was warm, soft and comfortable. And even better, he had all the food and love that his mother could give. Whenever

61、the baby eagle was hungry, his mother would always come just in time with the delicious food he liked.He was growing happily day after day. But suddenly his world changed. His mother stopped coming to the nest. He was full of sadness and fear. He thought he would die soon. He cried, but nobody heard him.Two days later his mother appeared with some nice food, The baby eagle was wild with joy. But his mother put the food at the top of the mountain and then looked down at her baby. The baby eagle cried out. “Mum, why did you do this t