从句长难句商务合同的翻译

《从句长难句商务合同的翻译》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《从句长难句商务合同的翻译（22页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、真诚为您提供优质参考资料，若有不当之处，请指正。第十章 英语从句的翻译 Translation of clauses 一、定语从句的翻译英语中定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。两者之间的区别在于限制意义是强还是弱，前者的限制意义很强，后者的限制意义很弱。定语从句在商务英语中应用较广泛。一般有三种翻译方法：合并法、分译法和混合法。1合并法(1)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。(2) If the Buyer is unable to sell out the amount of

2、goods which he has agreed to purchase from the Seller, the Buyer may reduce the quantity of goods to be delivered to him by giving written notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment is made.如果买方不能销售他已同意从卖方所购数量的货物，买方可以书面通知卖方减少发货数量，再要求卖方发货。(3) Party B guarantees that the technical documents to b

3、e supplied by Party B are the latest technical information which has been put into practical used by Party B.乙方保证所提供的技术资料是乙方经过实际使用的最新技术资料。(4)Shipment shall be commenced within 10 months counting from the date when the contract has come into force and completed within 16months.自合同生效之日起计算，10个月内装运，16个月

4、内交付完毕。(5) The party, who sets up a breach of the Contract, shall be under a duty to take all necessary measures to mitigate the loss which has occurred.A违反合同的一方有责任采取所有必要的措施减轻已经发生的损失。（6）There was another man who seemed to have answer, and that was Robert McNamara.另外一个人似乎胸有成竹,那就是麦克纳马拉。2分译法(1)A fuel is

5、 a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能燃烧并放出热量。(2)A healthy diet includes enough but too many kinds of foods that provide thee body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly.健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但不过多。这些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养。(3) The combination of sate

6、llites, which transmit information, computer, which store information, and television, which displays information will change every home into and education and entertainment center.传输信息的卫星，储存信息的电脑，显示信息的电视三者的结合会把每一个家庭变成一个教育和娱乐中心。(4)The Seller ensure that all the equipment listed in Appendix One to th

7、e Contract are brand-new products whose performance shall be in conformity with the Contract and which are manufactured according to current Chinese National Standards or Manufactures Standard.卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新产品，是根据现行的中国国家标准，或生产厂的标准制造的，其性能符合合同规定。3 混合法（混合法是把原句中的主语和从句溶合在一起译成一个独立的句子）(1)We used a pla

8、ne of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。(2)Fortunately, there are some chemical fuel that are clean and smokeless.幸好有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。(3)There was another man who seemed to have answers, and that was Robert MeNamara.另外一个人似乎胸有成竹,那就是麦克纳马拉。二、同位语

9、从句1保持原文的语序He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示期望能再来中国访问。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。2译为类似定语的结构或独成一句Yet, from the beginning the fact that I was alive was ignored.然而，从一开始，我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。It does not alter the fact

10、that he is the man responsible for the delay.迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。3加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼进行翻译（But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是现实考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。That fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of

11、the earth explains many things.地球引力把一切东西都吸向地心这一事实解释了许多现象。Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics.不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种废物变成塑料。4改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab

12、should be sent back.已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送回来。Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。However, the writing of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown

13、 will actually occur.但是，将化学符号写成反应式，并不意味着所表示的反应确实会发生。And there was the possibility that a small electrical sport might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.而且总有这种可能性- 一个小小的电火花,可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路.三、状语从句的翻译英语状语和状语从句的功能可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步和目的等。（1He had scarcely handed me the later when he

14、 asked me to read it.他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。e.g. Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.在有疑问的地方做个记号。e.g. The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干燥，作物欠收。e.g. Granted the this true, what conclusion can you draw?假设这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢。e.g. While this is true of some, it is not true of all.虽然

15、有一部分是真的，但不见得都是真的。e.g. We should star early so that we might get there before noon.我们应当早点动身，这样就能在正午之前赶到那里。但在商务英语中，特别是在国际商务合同中，商务合同是合同各方就相互权利义务达成一致意见而订立的书面文件。这种书面文件主要约定双方应享有的权利和应履行的义务，但这种权利的行使和义务的履行，均附有各种条件。当条件成熟时，当事人的权利才能实现，或义务方可履行。1状语(1) in case of e.g. In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall b

16、e filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.若发生质量索赔，买方的索赔必须在货物到达目的港的30天内提出。(2) in the event ofe.g. In the event of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall ha

17、ve the power to dismiss them at will.若总经理和/或副总经理有营私舞弊或严重失职时，董事会有权随时将其撤换。(3) in consideration of 考虑到； 鉴于； 由于e.g. In consideration of the Licenses and technical assistance provided herein, the Joint Venture Company shall pay Party A technical assistance fees in USD.考虑到许可以及在此提供的技术援助，合资公司将以美圆的方式支付甲方技术援助

18、费。(4) subject to 在条件下；根据.规定；在.规定的范围内；以为有效。e.g. Subject to the terms to this Agreement, the Producer agrees to be bound by the terms to the following markrting agreement.在本协议的条件下，制造商同意接受下列销售协议各项条款的约束。2状语从句（1）If the Force Majeure event lasts over 60 days, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the C

19、ontract or the undelivered part of the Contract.若不可抗力事件持续60天以上，买方有权撤消本合同或合同中未完成的部分。（2）In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to Arbitration Tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the Arbitration Rules and Pricedure of the

20、said Tribunal.如通过协商仍不能达成协议时，应提交斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院，根据该院的仲裁规则和程序进行仲裁。（3）In the event that deficiencies in the Equipment become evident, such deficiencies shall be corrected by ABC during the two days per week during which the Purchaser will not be testing.若发现设备有缺陷，应由ABC用每周买方不进行试验的这两天时间对设备予以校正。（4）Should any of

21、 the stipulations to the Contract be altered, amended, supplemented or deleted, the same shall be negotiated between and agreed upon by both parties and written documents shall be sighed by the representatives of both parties.本合同条款的任何变更、修改或增删，须经双方协商同意，并由双方代表签署书面文件为有效。（5）Neither party shall have the

22、right to represent the other party unless otherwise arranged.除另有安排者外，任何一方无权代表另一方。（unless从句中的主语和动词常be省去。）（6）We can sell a lot of garments provided that your price is highly competitive.如果你方价格很有竞争性，我方就可大量出售。二、 练习1. “Net Selling Price” means the price at which the product is sold by Party B from time t

23、o time after deduction of packing, installation and freight charges, trade and quantity discount, commission, insurance and commodity tax, if any, directly applicable of product.2.The Sellers shall not be responsible for delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which has

24、occurred during the manufacturing process or in the course of loading or in transit.3. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.4. When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all or part of his investment, the other party

25、has preemptive right.5. In case the Buyer finds any document incorrect, the buyer is obliged to cable the Seller indicating the incorrect items. The cable shall be sent within 20 days after the Bank of China , Beijing Branch has received the Sellers documents.1. “Net Selling Price” means the price a

26、t which the product is sold by Party B from time to time after deduction of packing, installation and freight charges, trade and quantity discount, commission, insurance and commodity tax, if any, directly applicable of product.“净销售价”,是指在扣除合同产品的包装费、安装费、运输费、商业和数量折扣、佣金、保险费和商品税之后，乙方通过销售合同产品的价格。2.The Se

27、llers shall not be responsible for delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which has occurred during the manufacturing process or in the course of loading or in transit. 因为在生产、装运或运输过程中发生的不可抗力事件，卖方对迟交或未交货不负责任。(定语从句转译成状语)3. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many m

28、ore rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。4. When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all or part of his investment, the other party has preemptive right.如果合资公司一方拟转让其全部或部分出资额，另一方有优先购买权。5. In case the Buyer finds any document inco

29、rrect, the buyer is obliged to cable the Seller indicating the incorrect items. The cable shall be sent within 20 days after the Bank of China , Beijing Branch has received the Sellers documents. 买方如发现文件有错误时，应在中国银行北京市分行收到卖方文件之日起20天内电告卖方，并指出错误项目。第十二章 英语难句和长句的翻译Teaching Objectives (教学目的):1. To make st

30、udents understand the importance of translation2. To help the students know the character of long sentences in translation.Teaching Requirements(教学要求): Students are able to get a clear picture of the text . Students are required to master the new words and phrases in this part. Students should read

31、some reading materials and do exercises after class .Teaching methodology(教学方法): Communicative method (交际法) Cognitive method(认知法): Functional and notional method(功能意念法) The grammar-translation method Time Distributive(时间分配)1. Preparation and analyses of the text (2 hours) Analyses of the text A and

32、exercises (1 hours)Focuses in teaching (教学难点)1.Translation of the difficult sentencesTeaching Procedures (教学过程)一、 英汉翻译中译文句式的重组1This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the t

33、erms and conditions stipulated below.买卖双方同意按下列条款购买、出售下述商品，并签订本合同。(动作的发出者译为主语)2. But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and-until toward the end, when drunk with power

34、 and success, he over reached himself-an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.然而,如果没有阿道夫希特勒， 那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。因为阿道夫希特勒有着恶魔般的性格、花岗岩般的意志、不可思议的本能、无情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深远的想象力以及对人和对局势的判断力。这种判断力最后由于权力和胜利冲昏了头脑而自不量力，终于弄巧成拙。分析：这个句子由一个主句，一个非限定性定语从

35、句和一个状语从句组成。插入主句中间的是一个由who引导的非限定性定语从句。这个从句较长，句中又插入了一个用破折号分开的，由until引导时间状语从句。这个状语从句对非限定性定语从句的后面部分作了些补充说明，因而，虽然具有相对的独立意义，仍可根据逻辑关系，将该句译文置于句尾。（全句有两层主要意思：如果没有阿道夫希特勒， 那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国；希特勒在性格、智力、能力等方面具有的某些特点。原文各句的逻辑关系和表达顺序与汉语大致一致，但因从句是插入成分，和汉语表达习惯不同，所以，翻译时顺中有逆，可以综合处理/重组）3. Applied science, on the other hand,

36、 is directly concerned with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs of life, and to increasing mans control over his environment, thus leading to the development of techniques, processes and machines.应用科学则直接涉及应用问题。它研究的是如何将纯科学的工作定律应用于实际生活、应用于加强人类对其周围环境的控制，从而导致新技术、

37、新工艺和新机器的产生。二、顺译法1.It was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem that he heard the gate swing to, and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red-cheeked, stupid Joe in swift pursuit.一个星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果园里，一面在听画眉鸟的啁啾，一面写一首爱情诗，忽

38、然听得大门砰地关上，接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔来，后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸的乔。分析：这个句子是由一个强调句（时间），一个状语从句和二个现在分词短语表示伴随的时间状语，还有一个介词短语。2. Four scores and seven years ago our father brought fourth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and the proposition that all men are created equal.87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它以自由为立国之本，奉行所

39、有人生来平等的原则。三、倒置法（按照汉语的逻辑顺序进行翻译）1. And he know how ashamed he would have been if he had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.他出生在这样一类人中间，他出生在这种地方，他有这样的母亲；这些要是让他知道了的话，他知道该多么丢人。分析：这个句子由一个宾语从句，一个条件从句（在从句中的主语用and连接另外两个名词词组作宾语）和两个定语从句。2.

40、 In reality, the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred, and science again approaching the “unity” that it had two centuries agoalthough the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it.虽然现在积累起来的知识要多得多，而一个人也只可能了

41、解其中的一小部分，但事实上，各科学之间界线却变得模糊不清，科学再次近似于两百年前那样的“单一整体”。3. And I take heart from the fact that enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.吹嘘能在几小时内就能占领战略要地的敌人,

42、由于一路受到顽强抵抗,甚至还没有能占领外围地带.这一事实使我增强了信心.四、分译法（拆译）1.When Smith was drunk, he used to beat his wife and daughter; and the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fools, his br

43、other painters.史密斯喝醉之后常常打老婆和女儿； 第二天带着头痛发牢骚， 抱怨世人不能赏识他的才华。他痛骂同行的画家都是糊涂虫。话很尖刻，有时候也有道理。分析：这个句子由一个主从复合句（即状语从句）， 一个由And连接起来另一个句子和二个由引起的介词短语作状语。2.Article I of the GATT is the celebrated most favored nation (MFN) clause under which each member nation must give treatment to other member nations imports and

44、exports that is at least as favorable as that applied to the most favored nation.关税及贸易总协定的第一条是著名的最惠国条款，每一个成员国给予其他成员国的进出口货物的待遇至少和给予最惠国的待遇同样的优惠。3. The foreign visitors watched in a fascinated manner the tournament held in Beijing, which exhibited a superb performance in smash service, twist service, s

45、teady service, high drop and killing and ended in a draw.外宾观看了在北京举行的这场锦标赛。这场比赛在发扣球、转球、 保险球、吊球和扣杀方面技术都十分精湛，最后打成了平局。他们看得简直人了迷。五、练习1.They (The poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight t

46、heir way out of poverty. 2.The United Nations Secretary General say he is sure the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors.3. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the c

47、lassic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.4. My mother, Jane Lampton Clements, died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away.参考译文五、练

48、习1. They (The poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.对于以往的几代人来说，旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫苦的手段，而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动。因此，首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。（重组）2. The United Nations Secr

49、etary General say he is sure the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors.联合国秘书长说他确信安理会会批准与伊拉克达成的有关联合国武器核查人员的协议。（顺译）3. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic p

50、oor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.50年代后期的美国出现了一个真正的奇观： 穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国的典型的穷人。正是在这个时候大批大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子贫民窟。（倒置）4. My mother, Jane Lampton Clements, died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of

51、 body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away.我的母亲简兰普顿克来门斯是在她88岁那年去世的。 这对于一位40岁就身体纤弱、被公认有痼疾缠身、注定不久于人世的人来说，是难得的高龄。5. The first technical service shall start in the sixth day after the contract comes into effect. Party B shall send a specialist to Party As factory to provide

52、technical service for 12 working day/man.第一次技术服务应始于本合同生效之日起第六天.乙方应派遣一名技术人员赴甲方工厂,提供12 工作人/日的技术指导。第十八章 商务合同的翻译Teaching Objectives (教学目的):1. To make students understand the importance of translation2. To help students translate the clauses correctly.3. To require the students to know the character of i

53、nternational business contact in translation.Teaching Requirements(教学要求):1. Students are able to get a clear picture of the text .2. Students are required to master the new words and phrases in this part.3. Students should read some reading materials and do exercises after class .Teaching methodolog

54、y(教学方法):1. Communicative method (交际法)2. Cognitive method(认知法):3. Functional and notional method(功能意念法)4. The grammar-translation method Time Distributive(时间分配)1. Preparation and analyses of the text (2 hours)2.Analyses of the text A and exercises (1 hours)Focuses in teaching (教学难点)1. The character o

55、f international business contact in translation.Teaching Procedures (教学过程)一、商务合同的种类合同类文件是具有法律性质的文件，主要包括合同、契约、协议和意向等，是双方当事人或单位就某一经济或商业活动过程中协商达成的协议，对当事双方具有约束力，因此也被人称为“契约文体”。这种协议可以是很正规的，也可以是非正式的、民间性质的（如租房协议）。本章讨论的合同主要指正式的涉外商务合同，即中国国内企业或其他经济组织同外国的企业、经济组织或个人之间为实现一定的经济目的、进行商品交换、融资、经济技术合作和交流等活动所依法签订的、明确双方权

56、利义务关系的书面协议。涉外商务合同范围广泛、种类繁多。例如；在商品交易方面，有国际货物买卖合同、成套设备进口合同、包销合同、代理合同、寄售合同、易货合同、保管合同、补偿贸易合同等。还有在劳务服务方面，投资方面，资金融通方面等等。这些合同虽然种类繁多，但一般都遵循国际惯例且具有官方性质，因此其篇章结构与格式非常正规且具有程式化、条目化、趋向化的特点。二、涉外商务合同的结构及篇章特点 （阅读文中第188-192-页）前面我们讲过，国际商务合同范围广泛、种类繁多，标的各异，但就其结构而言，一般由三个部分组成：前言、正文、结尾。我们再来回顾一下：首先，合同的前言（Preamble of a contr

57、act）国际商务合同的前言部分，主要包括两个方面的内容：其一，主要载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国际、主营业务或者住所（The corporate or personal names of the parties to the contract and their nationalities, principal places of business or residential address）;其二，合同签订的日期、地点(the dare and place of signing of the contract)。以上两项内容主要解决以下法律问题：订约人是否具有合法主体资格，合同及合同争议

58、应适用的法律；合同履行地点；合同生效、终止、履行日期及争议时的司法管辖权等等。例1 本合同由中国ABC公司， 总公司设于中国上海（以下简称卖方）与美国XYZ公司， 总公司设于美国纽约州纽约市（以下简称买方）于1998年3月29日订立于中国上海，双方同意按下述条件买卖下列货物：This contract is made this 29th day of March, 1998 in shanghai, China by and between ABC Corporation. China (hereinafter referred to as “Seller”), a Corporation h

59、aving their principal office in Shanghai, China who agree to sell, and XYZ Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “Buyer”), a Corporation having their principal office in New York, N.Y.,USA, who agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as below:例2 合同号码：（经合字）第0081号签约日期：1998年3月29

60、日签约地点：中国上海卖方：中国ABC公司地址：中国上海 街 号公司属国：中华人民共和国电传：传真：邮编：电子信箱：买方：美国XYZ公司地址：美国纽约州纽约市 街 号 公司属国：美利坚合众国电传：传真：邮编：电子信箱：Contract Number: JH ZI, No. 0081Date of Execution of Contract: March, 29, 1998Place of Execution of Contract: Shanghai, China.Seller: ABC Corporation, China.Address: No. , St., Shanghai, China

61、.Country of Corporation: Peoples Republic of China.Telex:Fax:Postcode:E-mail:Buyer: XYZ Corporation, USAAddress: No. , ST., New York, N.Y. USACountry of Corporation: United States of AmericaTelex:Fax: Postcode:E-mail:其次，合同的正文（Main Body of a Contract）国际商务合同的正文部分是合同的实质性的条款，通常由以下内容组成：（1）合同的类型和合同的种类、范围（

62、The type of contract and the categories and scope of the object of the contract）翻译这部分内容，应该注意下列问题：第一，合同的类型是指合同属于国际货物销售合同（contract for international sale of goods）、专有技术许可证合同（license/know-how contract）、成套设备技术引进合同（contract for introduction of complete plant and technology）还是其他合同（other contracts）;第二，合同标的

63、是指合同当事人各方权利、义务所指向的对象，没有标的或标的不明确的合同是无法履行的。（2）合同标的技术条件、质量、标准、规格、数量(The technical conditions, quality, standards, specifications and quantities of the object of the contract)合同标的质量和数量，是确定合同标的最重要的条件。涉外商务合同要有明确、具体的数量和质量要求。（3）合同履行的期限、地点和方式（Time limit, place and method of performance）履行期限主要指履行合同义务的时间界线，这是确

64、定合同是否按时履行或迟延履行的标准。履行地点是指约定履行义务的地方。国际商务合同的履行地点往往涉及到不同的国家或地区，直接关系到当事人个方面所应承担的风险责任和费用。（4）合同价格条件、支付金额、支付方式和各种附加的费用（The price terms, amount to be paid, ways of payment, and various types of additional charges）这项内容实质上是由两部分组成，即：价格条款和支付条款。价格条款（terms of payment）往往涉及许多复杂的内容。有时，它不仅是个价格问题，而且涉及合同各方面承担的责任、分险和费用等问题。如国际货物销售合同中常用的两个价格术语：FOB（船上交货free on board or FREE ON BOARD）和CIF(保险运费在内价或者成本，运费加保险费cost, insurance, freight or COST, INSURANCE, FREI