暑假专题——时态)

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1、【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容： 暑假专题时态动词时态：英语有九种基本时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时、过去进行时和过去完成时。1. 一般现在时一般现在时主要强调事实、经常发生的动作或存在的状态。动词be 除第一人称单数用am，第三人称单数用is外，其余一律用are。动词have 除第三人称单数用has外，其余一律用have。行为动词（实义动词）除第三人称单数外，其余一概与动词原形同形。动词第三人称单数加s的方法：1）一般直接在词尾加s: swims, likes, wants2）以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的词，在词尾

2、加es: washes, teaches, goes3）以辅音字母+y结尾的词，先将y变i再加es: studies, flies动词第三人称单数加s的读音：1）清辅音后读/s/: likes, helps2）浊辅音和元音后读/z/: swims, plays 3）/t/后读/ts/: wants, gets4）/d/后读/dz/: needs, rides5）以s, x, ch, sh结尾加的es读/iz/: teaches, guesses句子中常出现频度副词always（总是），often（经常），usually（通常），sometimes（有时），seldom（很少），every da

3、y（每天），once a week（每周一次）等。2. 现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。构成：be（am/is/are）+动词-ing动词-ing叫做现在分词，其构成如下：1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ing: going, asking, looking2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加-ing: writing, closing, taking3）以“元音字母辅音字母”的重读音节结尾的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing: getting, running, swimming, beginning3. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去

4、的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night, in 1999, two weeks ago等。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等表示频度的副词连用。规则动词过去式的构成如下：1）在动词原形末尾+ed: looklooked, playplayed2）结尾是e的动词+d: livelived, hopehoped3）结尾是“元音字母+辅音字母”的重读音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再+ed: stopstopped, triptripped4）结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变y为i，再+ed: studystudied, carrycarried不规

5、则动词要逐一记忆，可参考不规则动词表。4. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某一时间的动作或状态。常与tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future等连用。由助动词shall（第一人称）/will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称，一律用will。“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事：We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们要开会。一些动词（go，come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等）的进行时态可表示近期的计划和打

6、算：Im leaving for Beijing.我要去北京。“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见：Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗？5. 现在完成时现在完成时表示到现在为止以前发生的动作或情况，强调其结果对现在的影响。基本构成形式为：has/have+过去分词。常和完成时连用的副词和短语：already, yet, just, ever, never, up to now, so far, before today, these days, in the past two years, for two weeks, for a

7、 long time, since 1980, since we began to learn Englishfor和since1）for用于过去的一段时间（动词必须是可以延续的）He has been there for six months. 2）since用于过去的一个确切的时间：since +一段时间ago；since一个时间点；since从句。He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.He has stayed here since 3 oclock.He has been interested in collecting coins since he

8、 was a child.already用于肯定句中；yet用于否定句和疑问句中。He has already visited many places in China. The train hasnt arrived yet.Has she arrived yet? “have been to”（去过） 和“have gone to”（去了）He has gone to Beijing.（He is there or is on his way there.）He has been to Shanghai. （He was there once, but he is not there no

9、w.）短暂性动词通常不能和表示一段的时间状语连用。如：错：He has died for 3 years.正：He has been dead for 3 years.正：He died 3 years ago.错：How long have you borrowed it?正：How long have you kept it?现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，而一般过去时不强调过去的动作与现在的关系。I have lost my pen.（强调我现在没有笔）I lost my pen.（过去笔掉了，没说明现在是否有笔）2）现在完成时不可和表过去的

10、时间状语连用，但一般过去时可和表过去的时间状语，如和yesterday, last week, three days ago, just now等连用。 6. 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时的构成：has/have + been +过去分词。 表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作，该动作可能仍然在进行。-How long have you been skating? -Ive been skating since nine oclock. 在强调动作延续时间的长久时，用现在完成进行时更多一些。试比较：Ive been writing an article.（还在写）我一直在写文章。Iv

11、e written an article.（已完成）我已经写过一篇文章。7. 过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情。由would加动词原形构成。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。He told me he would call me tomorrow.The teacher wanted to know when you would finish your homework.8. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时由was（第一、三人称单数）和were（其余人称和数）加现在分词所构成。过去进行时往往须用特定的时间状语来表示。The boy was

12、 walking down the street when the UFO landed.The girl was shopping when the alien got out.9. 过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作，简言之，就是“过去的过去”。由助动词had+动词的过去分词构成。可表达一个一直延续到过去某一时间的动作。可用在间接引语中，以表示直接引语中的现在完成时态。注意：过去完成时是一个相对的时间概念，它并不能独立地存在，它表示的是在某个特定的过去时间以前所发生的事，离开这个特定的过去时间，就不存在过去完成时，因此不能把它理解为“很早以前的事”。掌握好过去

13、完成时的关键是要特别注意句中动词与动词之间，动词与时间状语之间的先后关系。“主将从现”句“主将从现”是指主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。前提是主句和if引导的条件状语从句都表示将来。主句中将来时应为will加动词原形。注意从句中“单三”形式。If you go to the party, you will have a great time.If you become a professional athlete, people all over the world will know you. If Jim comes late, the teacher will call hi

14、s parents. 时间状语从句也要“主将从现”。We will give him a gift when he arrives.The meeting will start as soon as he comes.非谓语动词：动词的非谓语形式有：动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。其中现在分词和动名词可合称为动词-ing形式。1. 动词不定式一般结构：to +动词原形；否定式：在to前面加not , 即为not to do sth.动词不定式能起到名词、形容词、副词的作用，可充当谓语以外的各种成分。1）作主语：To learn English is not an easy thing.

15、 / It is our duty to learn the knowledge well.（注：it是形式主语，无真正的含义，而动词不定式放在后面是真正的主语）2）作宾语：He wants to visit Nanjing.作宾语补语：I expect you to write to me.3）作表语：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。4）作定语：Is there anything to eat ? 5）作状语：My little sister is too young to go to school. / He opened the door for her to co

16、me in. 不定式在感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补语时不加to，但是改为被动语态后to要还原。具体是：“五看”（see, watch, notice, observe, look at）、“三使役”（have, make, let）、“二听”（hear, listen to）、“一感觉”（feel）、“半帮助”（help可加可不加）。I heard Mary cry yesterday. Mary was heard to cry yesterday.带疑问词的动词不定式：疑问词to do Can you tell me where to get the scarf? （where to g

17、o, what to do, how to do it）后面只可接不定式的动词有：decide , desire, expect , hope , pretend, promise, refuse等。2. 动名词动名词兼有动词和名词的特征，由动词加-ing构成。 作主语：Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a lot. 作宾语：Now, I am enjoying learning English. / Thanks for sending me the E-mail. 作定语：I think that doing a lot of li

18、stening practice is one of the secrets.bydoing表示通过某种方式：I study by listening to cassettes.后面只可接动名词的动词有：mind, finish, enjoy, admit, avoid, escape, suggest, imagine, consider, keep, practice, miss, give up, put off 等。注意区别：1）remember to do 记住要做的事remember doing 记得曾经做过的事2）forget to do 忘记要做的事 forget doing

19、忘记了过去做过的事3）regret to do 对要发生的事表示抱歉 regret doing 对已经发生的事表示后悔4）mean to do （人）打算做mean doing （事情）意味着5）try to do 设法，尽力做（表目的）try doing 试一试（表手段）6）stop to do 停下正做的事去做由不定式所表示的另一件事stop doing 停止由动名词表示的动作“to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语：We are about to leave.我们马上就走。状语从句 状语从句在句中作状语，用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，有时也可用来

20、修饰整个句子。状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、条件状语从句等。时间状语从句时间状语从句常由when，while，since，after，before，as soon as，till / until等引导。 The girl was shopping when the alien got out.While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.After I finish my homework, I often play the piano. Please

21、 turn off the light before you go out. I didnt go home until I had cleaned the classroom. It began to rain as soon as we got home. It is five years since I left Paris.目的状语从句目的状语从句表示主句动作发生的目的或愿望，常用so that和in order that引导。从句中通常含有情态动词may / might, can / could, should, will / would。Jack studied hard so t

22、hat he could catch up with his classmates. I stayed here in order that John might find me.原因状语从句原因状语从句由because，as，since等连词引导。Bob is loved by all of us because he is honest. She is likely to succeed as she is working hard. Since its raining heavily, you had better not go to the cinema. 结果状语从句 结果状语从句通

23、常由so that，such that引导。Peter ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him.She is such a lovely girl that I like her very much. 条件状语从句条件状语从句常由if，so /as long as （只要），unless（除非）等引导。If he comes, I shall go with him. Mary wont go to his party unless John invites her. You can make greater progress as long

24、as you study harder. 宾语从句在复合句中，作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。陈述句变成的宾语从句由连词that引导，that本身无意义，不做句子的任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。一般疑问句变成的宾语从句由连词if/whether引导, 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。特殊疑问句变成的宾语从句由疑问词（who, whom, whose, what, which, why, when, where, how）引导, 从句语序：疑问词主语谓语其他成分（陈述语序）。后面常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：think, hope, say, tell, know,

25、 see, hear, mean, agree, feel等。后面常接宾语从句的形容词有：sure, glad, pleased, happy, afraid等。主句的动词如果是现在时态，宾语从句中动词可以根据实际情况用不同的时态。 主句的动词是一般过去时态，宾语从句的动词应该使用过去相应的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。直接引语变间接引语直接引语是直接引述别人的话，间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在大多数情况下构成宾语从句。 直接引语有陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，所以改成间接引语可以分成三种情况。I. 直接引语是陈述句，改成间接引语要做人称、时态、时间状语

26、、地点状语、指示代词、动词等方面的变化。直接引语间接引语人称人称变更怎么办？一随主，二随宾，三不变若是引用自己的话听者不变人称不变时态一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时地点状语herethere（ 注意:如果转述时就在原地，则here不变。）其他thisthat thesethosecancould maymightmusthad to comegobring-take时间状语的变化：nowthen todaythat day tonightthat night this weekthat week将来时： in two mon

27、thstwo month afterthe day after tomorrowtwo days laterII. 直接引语是一般疑问句：直接引语如是一般疑问句，变为间接引语，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序（主语在谓语的前面），用连词if 或weather引导。主语的人称，时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。III. 直接引语是特殊疑问句：直接引语如是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语，仍用原来的疑问词引导。其他变化与一般疑问句的变化相同。IV. 直接引语是祈使句，把直接引语去掉，句子变成带有动词不定式做宾语补足语的简单句。主句中的said, said to 改成 asked, told, order总结：人称

28、的变化：根据句意改变人称。时态的变化：如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，如said 或 told 等，从句的时态变化如下：1）一般现在时 一般过去时2）现在进行时 过去进行时3）一般将来时 过去将来时4）一般过去时 过去完成时5）现在完成时 过去完成时一般疑问句变间接引语语序：if+陈述句语序特殊疑问句变间接引语语序：疑问词+陈述句语序【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）动词时态（ ）1. The girl_ shopping when the alien got out. A. went B. wasC. goesD. is（ ）2. Nothing_. Dont worry. A. has bee

29、n happenedB. happen C. have happened D. has happened（ ）3. -What a nice bike! How 1ong_ you _it? -Just two weeks. A. will；buyB. did；buy C. are；having D. have；had（ ）4. Neither Joe nor his sister_ the party. They are busy. A. is going to B. are going toC. is going to go to D. is to go（ ）5. When she was

30、 22 years old，her dream to be a teacher_. A. came true B. come true C. came realD. come real（ ）6. -I didnt see you at the meeting yesterday. Why? -I_ for a long distance call from my daughter in Canada at that time. A. waited B. have waitedC. was waiting D. will wait（ ）7. There _great changes in our

31、 country since 1979. A. have been B. were C. has been D. are（ ）8. Mary，together with her parents，_to Paris. Now she lives in Paris. A. have moved B. has moved C. are moving D. have been moving（ ）9. Lu Hong said that she_ to Canada by air soon. A. is going B. wanted to flyC. would fly D. was going（ ）

32、10. -Shall we go shopping now? -Sorry，I cant. I_ my shirts. A. washB. washesC. washed D. am washing（ ）11. By the time I finished dinner，the TV show_. A. had started B. started C. has started D. start（ ）12. -Did you see Tom at the party? -No，he_ by the time I got there. A. 1eft B. was leaving C. had

33、left D. has left（ ）13. -Wheres your headmaster? -He_ Beijing. He wont be back_ next week. A. went to；after B. has gone to；until C. has been to；until D. has been to；after（ ）14. The police_ looking for a dark man with long hair. A. has been B. had been C. is D. are（ ）15. - Do you know Betty very well?

34、 - Yes，she and I_ friends since we met in Guangzhou 1ast summer. A. have made B. have became C. have been D. have turned（ ）16. - Rick! Your jacket is wet through. Didnt you listen to the weather report this morning? -No. I didnt. I was in a hurry. Besides，it_ when I left. A. hadnt rained B. would ra

35、in C. rained D. wasnt raining（ ）l7. Listen! Some of the girls_ about Harry Potter. Lets join them! A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked（ ）18. - Whats he doing? -_. A. He is a studentB. He likes reading C. He is reading D. He does homework after supper（ ）19. The woman _ shopping with her dau

36、ghter last Saturday. A. goes B. was going C. wentD. is going（ ）20. -Where is Tom? -He _ in the garden. A. is playing B. plays C. played D. will play（ ）21. Li Ping _ his bike at this time yesterday. A. would mend B. has mended C. was mending D. is mending（ ）22. -_ my glasses? I cant read without them

37、. -I _ them on your bed, but they arent there now. A. Do you see; have seen B. Have you seen, saw C. Did you see, saw D. Did you see, have seen（ ）23. By the time I _ into the shop, someone _ the sweater that I wanted. A. walk, bought B. walked, bought C. walked, had bought D. had walked, bought（ ）24

38、. -The train is leaving soon! Are you ready, Betty? -Sorry, mom. I _ my little cat. A. dont feed B. didnt feed C. hadnt fed D. havent fed（ ）25 .By the time I got to the movie theatre, the movie _. A. have already finished B. have finished yet C. had already finished D. had finished yet 非谓语动词（ ）1. Mr

39、. Smith asks his son_ too much meat. Its bad for his health. A. not eat B. not to eat C. dont eat D. to not eat（ ）2. Its time for Meimei and me_ to work. A. going B. go C. am goingD. to go（ ）3 Father is sleeping. Youd better _quiet. A. to keep B. keepC. keepingD. kept（ ）4. Some boys are enjoying_ mu

40、sic in the classroom. A. 1isten toB. 1istens to C. 1istening to D. 1istened to（ ）5. When Miss Green began to_ something，the two boys stopped_ and became quiet. A. speak；telling B. talk；speaking C. say；talking D. tell；saying（ ）6. “Dont always make Michael_ this or that. He is already a big boy，dear.

41、”Mr. Bush said to his wife. A. doB. to doC. does D. did（ ）7. Linda was very sorry for being late. But the teachers smile made her_ better. A. feel B. to feel C. fall D. to fall（ ）8. “Youd better_ too much meat. You are already over weight. ”said the doctor. A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat（

42、 ）9.He finished_ the book yesterday evening. A. seeing B. watching C. readingD. looking（ ）10. John wants to study in China. He likes _. He is shy. A. talking B. shopping C. reading D. dancing（ ）11. Nancy, thanks for _ care of my goldfish. A. takeB. takesC. takingD. took（ ）12. Thanks for _ me around

43、your school. Its really big. A. show B. shows C. showing D. showed（ ）13. Would you mind _ the bike? Its not in the right place. A. carryingB. movingC. cleaning D. buying（ ）14. Our English teacher often says _ vocabulary lists _ us to study words. A. make, helpsB. make, helping C. making, helps D. ma

44、king, help状语从句（ ）1. I want to be a police officer，_ sometimes its very dangerous. A. because B. sinceC. though D. and（ ）2. -Mom, please tell father that I have passed the exam.-Ill tell him the good news _ he comes back. A. as soon as B. when C. afterD. if（ ）3. They went on working _ it was raining

45、hard. A. if B. sinceC. althoughD. because（ ）4. Tell Li Ping to ring me up if he _. A. will come B. comesC. came D. coming（ ）5. Uncle Sam rode to work as usual _ it was snowing heavily. A. though B. until C. because D. if（ ）6. _ they had finished their homework，they went home. A. As soon as B. Before

46、 C. After D. If（ ）7. You will stay healthy _ you do more exercises, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where（ ）8. Hes been collecting shells _ he was ten years old. A. when B. whileC. and D. since宾语从句（ ）1. Could you please tell me _ get a dictionary? A. where can I B. how can I C

47、. where I can D. how I can（ ）2. Excuse me，Sir. Could you tell me _ ? A. how I can get to the post office B. how can I get to the post office C. how could I get to the post office D. how I got to the post office（ ）3. He asked me_. A. were you in C1ass One B. if I am in Class One C. that you were in C

48、lass One D. if I was in Class One（ ）4. -Could you 1et me know_ yesterday? -Because the traffic was heavy. A. why did you come late B. why you come late C. why do you come 1ate D. why you came late（ ）5. Miss Green didnt tell us_ in 2002. A. where does she live B. where she lives C. where did she live

49、 D. where she lived（ ）6. -I dont know if his uncle _ . -I think he _ if it doesnt rain. A. will come, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, comes D. comes, will come （ ）7. -Do you know_? -Only ten months old. A. when does Tiger Woods start golfing. B. when did Tiger Woods start golfing C. when Tig

50、er Woods starts golfing. D. when Tiger Woods started golfing（ ）8. -Could you tell me_? -Im not sure. A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving Day C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start（ ）9. She didnt tell us _ at four yesterday afternoo

51、n. A. what did she do B. what she did C. what was she doing D. what she was doing（ ）10. Could you please tell us _ ? A. where we can go to the restrooms B. how we can go to the restrooms C. where are the restrooms D. how can we go to the restrooms（ ）11. Could you please tell me _ ? A. where the rest

52、room isB. where the restroom was C. where is the restroom D. where was the restroom 直接引语、间接引语：1. The teacher said, “Dont be late, Mary.” The teacher told _. A. Mary not to be lateB. Mary to be not late C. Mary not late D. not to be late, Mary2. He asked her, “Where are you going?” He asked her _. A.

53、 where was she going B. where is she going C. where she was going D. where did she go3. The lady said, “I shall go there on time.” The lady said that _. A. she would come there on time B. she would come here on time C. she would go here on time D. she would go to there on time4. He said to me, “I wr

54、ote to my father yesterday.” He told me he had written to his father _. A. the yesterday B. before today C. the day before D. the next day5. The teacher asked, “Are you waiting for the bus?” The teacher asked _for the bus. A. if I was waiting B. was I waiting C. you are waiting D.I was waiting6. The

55、 professor said that light _faster than sound. A. travels B. traveledC. travel D. travelled7. My mother told me to show my homework to her. My mother said to me, “Show _homework.” A. her my B. me yourC. her your D. me his8. He said, “Lets leave the bag at the gate.” He suggested _the bag at the gate

56、. A. to leave B. to let leaveC. leaving D. to let9. The officer asked the soldier, “How did you get this letter?” The officer asked the soldier _. A. how had he got that letterB. how he got this letter C. how he had got that letter D. how that he had got that letter10. “I told you about it the day before yesterday” he said. He said that he had told me about it _. A. after two days B. two days before C. before two days D. two days after11. He said to me, “Close the door, please.” He asked me _. A. to close the door B. that I close the door C. for closing the door