高中英语 Unit 1 School Life Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版必修1

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1、必修必修1 11. To get some ideas about attributive clauses2. To be able to find attributive clauses in an article3. To know the usage of relative pronounsNote: Pay much attention to “that” and “which”. 语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言

2、现象导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。中总结出语言规则和语法规律。Observe the sentences you have learned.1. Who do you think is the greatest person that has ever lived, Eddie?2. On 20th July 1969, Armstrong became the first human that walked on the moon.3. It is said that Armstrong sent a message to Mission Control whic

3、h said that two huge, strange objects landed near them and were watching them.4. The most important award that Armstrong got for his service was the Medal of Freedom, the highest award that a US citizen can receive.5. Neil Armstrong is the person who made people around the world realize that space e

4、xploration was truly possible.6. The computer that I bought last year isnt working properly!7. He was one of the famous people which Mr Wu mentioned yesterday.8. Do you know the famous American scientist which invented over 1000 things? Observe the sentences from this unit.1. I sat next to a girl wh

5、ose name was Diana.2. I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature.3. David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. 4. Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. 5. Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends.6

6、. Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students.7. The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room.to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGu

7、essFill in the blanks with appropriate words.1. Who do you think is the greatest person _ has ever lived, Eddie?2. On 20th July 1969, Armstrong became the first human _ walked on the moon.3. It is said that Armstrong sent a message to Mission Control _ said that two huge, strange objects landed near

8、 them and were watching them.that that which4. The most important award _ Armstrong got for his service was the Medal of Freedom, the highest award _ a US citizen can receive.5. Neil Armstrong is the person _ made people around the world realize that space exploration was truly possible.thatthatwho6

9、. The computer _ I bought last year isnt working properly!7. He was one of the famous people _ Mr Wu mentioned yesterday.8. Do you know the famous American scientist _ invented over 1000 things? thatwhichwhichSentences from this unit.1. I sat next to a girl _ name was Diana.2. I loved the lessons _

10、she gave in English Literature.3. David was one of the most helpful students _ we ever had. 4. Some of the cities in China _ he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. whosethatthatwhich5. Most of the students _ he taught have become his friends.6. Some of the books were gifts _ he got

11、 from his Chinese friends and students.7. The paintings _ David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room.whomthatthat1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were2. He is the man _ I saw yesterday. 3. Please

12、 pass me the book _ cover is green. whom/thatwhoseHarry Pottera boy with glassesa boy who is brave and wearing glassesa brave boyAttributive 定语定语( (用来修饰名词的成分用来修饰名词的成分) )I am an astronaut. An astronaut is a person.He works and travels in space.An astronaut is a person. He works and travels in space.w

13、hoI was sent into the sky by a space craft.A space craft is a vehicle (运载工具运载工具). It can travel in space.A space craft is a vehicle _ can travel in space.that / whichI came here on June 11, 2013.It was that day _ I was sent into the sky.when I was sent into the sky on on June 11, 2013.space capsuleI

14、 work and live in a space capsule.Space capsule is a place _ an astronaut works and lives. whereIt is a space capsule.1. An astronaut is a person who works and travels in space.2. A space craft is a vehicle that / which can travel in space.3. A space capsule is a place where an astronaut works.4. 25

15、th Sept. 2008 was the day when Liu Boming was sent into the sky.antecedent 先行词先行词relative pronoun 关系代词关系代词relative adverb关系副词关系副词antecedent 先行词先行词1. 定义：定义： 又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2. 先行词：先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3. 关系代词关系代词/关系副词：关系副词： 引导定语从句的词。引导定语从句的词。关系代词关系代

16、词关系副词关系副词which, that, who, whom, whose等等where, why, when在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语语和表语在定语从句中作状在定语从句中作状语语Relative pronounsRelative adverbsNow, read the points and examples on Page 8, and think about:1. Nouns can be modified by _, _, and _. Pay attention to their different positions.2. Read Poin

17、t 2, and find out what is the function of the words in blue in each sentence?Read the article on P9 and underline the attributive clauses in it.课本练习课本练习Paragraph 1：David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. (The antecedent: one of the most helpful students; the relative pronoun: th

18、at, used as the object in the clause)In 2004, he went to Oxford University where he became interested in Chinese culture. (The antecedent: Oxford University; the relative adverb: where, used as the adverbial in the clause)Paragraph 2: Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shan

19、ghai, Harbin and Nanjing. (The antecedent: some of the cities; the relative pronoun: which, used as the object in the clause)Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends. (The antecedent: most of the students; the relative pronoun: whom, used as the object in the clause)Paragraph 3： S

20、ome of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students.(The antecedent: gifts, the relative pronoun: that, used as the object in the clause)The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room. (The antecedent: the paintings; the relative prono

21、un: that, used as the object in the clause) 指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省1. which指物，在定语从句中做指物，在定语从句中做_做做_时常可省略。时常可省略。1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys

22、.2) He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 3) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4) The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 主语或宾语主语或宾语 宾语宾语2. that指人时，相当于指人时，相当于who或或whom；指；指 物时，相当于物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作。在定语从句中作 _，作，作_时常可省略。时常可省略。1)Where i

23、s the man (that/whom) I saw this morning?2) The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 3) The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 4) Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia. 主语或宾语主语或宾语 宾语宾语3. who指人，作指人，作_，作，作 _可省略。可省略。 The boys who are playing football

24、 are from Class One. The student (who) we met at the school gate is from America.4. whom指人，指人，作作_， _省略，省略， 但是如介词提前则但是如介词提前则_省略。省略。 The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li. 主语或宾语主语或宾语 宾语宾语宾语宾语 可可不可不可5. whose 在定语从句中作在定语从句中作_，与后面的，与后面的 名词为所属关系。名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指多

25、指人，也可指 物，指物时可与物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。互换使用。1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.3) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?= Do you like the book the cover of which is

26、 yellow? 定语定语I like the baby who/that/whosegnaw (咬咬, 啃啃) his fingersgrovel (趴趴) on the groundWhich baby do you like best?Which is your favorite monkey?Complete the following article (Page 11) about high schools in the USA using who, whom, which or whose. 课本练习课本练习p11A A There are several differences

27、between high schools in the USA and high schools in China. For one thing, students _ study in the USA are in class only about twenty hours per week. The rest of the time _ they spend at school is used for independent study. With so much free time, students _ do not make good use of their time may no

28、t pass their exams. Students _ the teachers fail maywhowhichwhowhom/who have to take the classes again. For another thing, many courses are classes _the students can study just for fun, but _they do not have to take. Finally, students can often choose their classes and class times. Some courses are

29、required, but the students can still decide the teacher _ class they wish to take. They can choose to take the class of a teacher _ they like or respect.whichwhichwhose whom/whothat和和which在指物的情况下一在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用下，一般用that而不用而不用which。 (1) 限制性定语从句中先行词为限制性定语从句中先行词为all, everything

30、, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不定代词指物时。等不定代词指物时。(something用用that或或which均可均可) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. (2) There be 句型中用句型中用that。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。先行

31、词被序数词或最高级修饰。This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.(4) 先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?Wh

32、o is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?(5) 当先行词既有人又有物。当先行词既有人又有物。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.(6) 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, ju

33、st, right等修饰。等修饰。Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 紧跟介词作宾语紧跟介词作宾语 (二单元语法点二单元语法点)There are many trees under which they can have a rest.(2) 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中(三单元语法点三单元语法点) Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.(3)

34、作定语作定语 He may be late, in which case, we should wait for him.一般用一般用which而不用而不用that的情况。的情况。Time for reflection指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省Can you fill out the table?Tips for teache

35、rThe followings are some exercises.If time is limited, the teacher can choose some to practise with the students.请点击请点击Quiz I: Multiple choice. 1. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. (2011全国全国) A. that B. which C. whose D. what2. English is a language shared by severa

36、l diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. (2011浙江浙江) A. which B. what C. them D. those3. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. (2011山东山东) A. theyB. where C. whatD. that4. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had tak

37、en more than three years. (2011江西江西) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which5. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. (2013福建福建) A. whose B. that C. who D. which 6. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their

38、 own strengths. (2013湖南湖南) A. whom B. who C. what D. which7. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. (2013山东山东) A. when B. where C. which D. whom Quiz II: Translation. 1. 昨天我看的那部电影非常令人感动。昨天我看的那部电影非常令人感动。2. 他丢失了他父亲给他的那块手表。他丢失了他父亲给他的那块手表。3. 刚才跟你讲话的那个人是我们的校长。

39、刚才跟你讲话的那个人是我们的校长。The film that I saw yesterday is very moving.He lost the watch that/which his father gave him.The man who talked to you just now is our principal.4. 我捡到的那本书是小王丢失的。我捡到的那本书是小王丢失的。5. 我们最需要的东西是时间。我们最需要的东西是时间。6. 我最喜欢的学科是英语。我最喜欢的学科是英语。The book which/that I picked up is the one that Xiao W

40、ang lost.The thing that we need most is time.The subject that/which I like best is English.7. 站在学校门口的那个人是我们的老师。站在学校门口的那个人是我们的老师。8. 你知道那个马尾辫你知道那个马尾辫 (ponytail) 长长的女长长的女 孩吗？孩吗？9. 我永远忘不了那位教授上星期给我们我永远忘不了那位教授上星期给我们 做的讲座。做的讲座。 The man who is standing at the school gate is our teacher.Do you know the girl

41、whose ponytail is long?I will never forget the lecture that the professor gave us last week. 10. 我丢了那本红封面的书。我丢了那本红封面的书。 I lost the book _.11. 你能告诉我你们上星期参观的工厂的你能告诉我你们上星期参观的工厂的 名字吗？名字吗？ Can you tell me the name of the factory _?12. 他就是我正在找的人。他就是我正在找的人。 He is the man _ _.whose cover is red (which/that)

42、 you visited last week(who/whom/that)I am looking for13. 我昨天收到的信是我姑妈寄来的。我昨天收到的信是我姑妈寄来的。 The letter _ _ was from my aunt.14. 在接下来的年月里，他们拼命工作。在接下来的年月里，他们拼命工作。 During the years _, they worked very hard.15. 那个名叫彼得的男孩是我们的班长。那个名叫彼得的男孩是我们的班长。 The boy _ _ is our monitor.(which/that) I receivedthat followedw

43、hose name is Peter/who is named PeteryesterdayQuiz III: Fill in the blanks according to the text and the given words.There once were a goat and a donkey 1_ lived on a farm. The donkey worked the hardest so the farmer fed it the most 2_. Sometimes the donkey was given more food 3 _ it could eat. that

44、 food than This made the goat so jealous 4_ it began plotting against（谋划对付）（谋划对付） the donkey. Hey, donkey, the goat said one day. I think you do too much work on this farm. You carry such heavy things from morning to night. Why dont you pretend 5_(get) sick so you can take a day 6_? The donkey thoug

45、ht the goat had a great idea. that to get off So the next morning, the donkey lay in the stable（畜栏）（畜栏） on its side with its eyes 7_ (close). Right away, the farmer called the doctor. 8_ looking at the donkey, the doctor said it needed a special medicine made 9_ the heart of a goat. So the farmer ki

46、lled 10_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.closed After from his/the Preview Task on Page 12 about reporting school activities:Skills building 1: understanding a programmeSkills building 2: comparing informationSkills building 3: writing a notice Review the grammar. Do the exercise B on Page 11.