大学英语第一册第七单元.ppt

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1、上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Book I应 用 型 大 学 英 语 系 列 教 程应 用 型 大 学 英 语 系 列 教 程 Application-oriented college English Course 2上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextLanguage Skills DevelopmentLanguage in UseEnhancement of Language Abilities Unit SevenTable of Contents3上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextStarterText: Chinglish ban in

2、 Beijing Working with words and phrasesDiscussionPractice: interpretingPractice: translationPractice: writingSurfing the InternetHighlightsPart 1 Language Skills DevelopmentTable of Contents4上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextHighlightsS: Bad English on signageL: ChinglishR: Chinglish ban in BeijingW: Compo

3、und-complex sentences (1)Internet work: Searching for information about dinner toast speeches Part 1 Language Skills Development5( ) 1. Public Water Tap( ) 2. Cashpoint/ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)( ) 3. Dont Leave Anything on the Train( ) 4. Toilet for the Disabled ( ) 5. Be Careful on the Escala

4、tor ( ) 6. Merry Christmas上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 NextA. Can you identify the mistakes in the English expressions on each sign? Match them to the correct expressions 1 to 6. a bd f ec fcbedaBack6上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext Mind Maperadicate / vt. 根除persist / vi. 持续thrive / vi. 繁荣auxiliary / a. 辅助的facilit

5、ate / vt. 促进equivalent / n. 相等物B. Listen to the talk on Chinglish and then take notes, putting down the key words for each aspect of the talk. 71. Topic of the talk: _2. Beijings attempt: _ 3. Some peoples view of Chinglish: _4. The writers view of Beijings attempt: _ _5. English translation of “精神文

6、明办公室”: _上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextto improve its English language environment persist, even thriveimpossible to eradicate Chinglish; help foreigners in Beijing; help English learners Civic Enhancement OfficeChinglish 8上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Tapescript Chinglish is a commonly used term for Chinese Engli

7、sh. Examples are for the most part mistranslated signs and products. There has been much publicity about Beijings effort to improve its English language environment lately. The effort has been described by the Global Language Monitor as an attempt to eradicate Chinglish before the 2008 Games. Some,

8、however, predict that Chinglish will persistand even thrivefar after the Games have ended. Probably this is right. I have no intention to challenge the prediction and I personally know some working on this correction project. Do they want to eradicate Chinglish? No, that will be an impossible missio

9、n. They do the job because they want the Chinese language not to be misunderstood. They want to help foreignersto make their life in Beijing somewhat easier and their understanding of Beijing somewhat better. BackNext9上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Tapescript By doing so, they also want to help some 250 million

10、 Chinese who are currently studying English as a second, auxiliary or business language. China Daily has been asked to help in this effort, too. For example, organizations names need to be translated correctly to facilitate exchanges with the world. So we were asked by the Foreign Affairs Office of

11、Beijing Municipal Peoples Government to help. We obliged and helped. Since often we could not find exact English equivalents, we had to make up expressions such as “Civic Enhancement Office” for the Chinese “jingshen wenming bangongshi”. Chinglish or not, it is true we are contributing new words to

12、be added to this global language which will hit its millionth word on April 29, 2009.BackNext10BackNextText Lead inWarm Up: Correct the following Chinglish on the public signs. cabstand /cab rank 11BackNextGentlemen Text Lead in12BackNextSpecial Christmas offers from manufacturers. Text Lead in13Bac

13、kNextCall brand only. Text Lead in14BackNextCaution: low overhang. Watch your head. Text Lead in15BackNextText OrganizationChina attempts to wipe out ChinglishExamples of Chinglish on public signs,restaurant menus or product labelsThe Chinese governments measures on ChinglishText Lead in16上海交通大上海交通大

14、学学出版社出版社 BackNext2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing Chinglish Ban in Beijing 1 China has launched a fresh drive to clamp down on bad English after being awarded the 2008 Olympics back in 2001. Previous a t t e m p t s t o w i p e o u t Chinglishthe mistranslated phrases often seen on Chinese street s

15、igns and product labelshave met with little success. Translation ban: n. 禁令e.g. The government imposed a total ban on cigarette advertising. The military leadership lifted the ban on homosexuals in the military. A ban on drug trafficking has been issued recently. vt. 禁止，取缔e.g. The new regulations ba

16、n smoking from all work sites. He was banned from boasting about his criminal activities on the Internet after posting videos of himself. clamp: vt./vi. 夹住，固定e.g. She clamped her hands over her ears. clamp down on: 对进行治理；禁止，取缔e.g. The police are clamping down on drunk drivers. Meaning: China has sta

17、rted a new campaign to ban ill-formed English after it succeeded in bidding for the 2008 Olympics back in 2001. previous: a. 以前的，先前的e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job. label: n. 1) 标签，签条，标记e.g. Bar code labels are terrific for using as product labels for products such as DVDs, CDs

18、, VHS tapes and other electronic media. 2) 称谓，绰号e.g. I hate the label “househusband”. vt. 1) 给贴标签e.g. She labeled the parcels neatly, writing the addresses in capital letters. 2) 把分类，将列为e.g. The newspapers had unjustly labeled him a troublemaker. Questions about Para. 1 wipe out: 彻底消灭e.g. Landowners

19、 fear the plan to introduce sea eagles into the area could wipe out other rare birds. The government is trying to wipe out illiteracy. Drivee.g. a recruitment drive for new members an economy drive (=effort to reduce spending) e.g. a nationwide drive to crack down on crime label: n. 1) 标签，签条，标记e.g.

20、Bar code labels are terrific for using as product labels for products such as DVDs, CDs, VHS tapes and other electronic media. 2) 称谓，绰号e.g. I hate the label “househusband”. vt. 1) 给贴标签e.g. She labeled the parcels neatly, writing the addresses in capital letters. 2) 把分类，将列为e.g. The newspapers had unj

21、ustly labeled him a troublemaker. 171. Why has China started a new campaign to ban Chinglish? Because the widespread use of Chinglish causes trouble or inconvenience to foreign visitors to China, especially in the year 2008 when the Olympic Games would be hosted in Beijing. BackNext上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版

22、社 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 18上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 2 Emergency exits at Beijing airport read “No entry on peacetime” and the Ethnic Minorities Park is named “Racist Park”. Translation 在北京机场，紧急出口（Emergency exits）处写有“No entry on peacetime（和平时期禁止入内）”的字样；而“中华民族园（the Ethnic Minorities Park

23、）”则变成了“Racist Park（种族主义者公园）”。 emergency: n. U 突发事件；紧急情况；非常时期e.g. The ambulance brought him to the emergency room with no time to spare. 救护车立即把他送到了急救室。 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 19上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 3 A road sign on Beijings Avenue of Eternal Peace warns of a dangerous pavement with the words

24、: “To Take Notice of Safe; The Slippery are Very Crafty”. Menus frequently list items such as “Corrugated iron beef”, “Government abuse chicken”, “Chop the strange fish”, “Husband and Wifes Lung Slices”, and “Tofu Made By A Pock-Marked Woman”. This last dish differs slightly from “the Tofu Commonly

25、Home-Made”, though both complement “The Temple Explodes The Chicken Cube” and “Young Chicken Without Sex”. Translation 北京长安大街上有一块路牌，提醒行人注意人行道上的危险，上面写着：“To Take Notice of Safe; The Slippery are Very Crafty（要注意保险箱；那些滑的是非常狡猾的）。” 菜单上菜名的误译更是比比皆是，如，“铁板牛肉”被译为“瓦楞铁皮牛肉（Corrugated Iron Beef）”，“宫保鸡丁”被译成“政府虐待鸡（G

26、overnment abuse chicken）”，而“生鱼片”成了“砍那陌生的鱼（Chop the strange fish）”，“夫妻肺片”被译为“丈夫和妻子的肺片（Husband and Wifes Lung slices）”，“麻婆豆腐”则被译为“脸上长有麻点的女子做的豆腐（Tofu Made By A Pock-Marked Woman）”。虽然最后这道菜的做法与“家常豆腐（the Tofu Commonly Home-Made）”略有不同，但是二者的翻译与“The Temple Explodes The Chicken Cube（庙宇爆炸鸡丁）”和“Young Chicken Wi

27、thout Sex（没有性的雏鸡）”如出一辙。 avenue: n. 1) 美（城市中心）大街，林阴路；道路； e.g. Pennsylvania Avenue is among the worlds most famous streets. It is known the world over as the heart of the Nations Capital. 2) 手段，途径e.g. The president wants to explore every avenue towards peace in the region. eternal: a. 永恒的，持久的，永远的e.g.

28、The company is engaged in the eternal search for a product that will lead the market. pavement: n. 人行道e.g. The multicolored pavement paint contains high levels of lead, posing a risk of poisoning to young children. slippery: a. 滑溜的，光滑的e.g. In the snow the slippery road tends to cause more traffic ac

29、cidents. crafty: a. 狡猾的e.g. Do not trust him, he is as crafty as a fox. abuse: vt. 1) 虐待sexually/physically/emotionally abused e.g. She was physically and emotionally abused as a child. 2) 滥用e.g. Williams abused his position as Mayor to give jobs to his friends. 3) 辱骂e.g. Journalists covering the ca

30、se have been threatened and abused. n. 1) 虐待e.g. Many children suffer racial abuse at school. 2) 滥用e.g. government officials abuse of power complement: vt. 补充，加强e.g. She used photographs to complement the text of the news story. The proposals complement the incentives already available. n. 补充物e.g. I

31、t is a resource for the teachers and their classes, and a complement to the traditional education system. chop: vt. 剁碎，砍，切e.g. He went outside to chop some more wood for the fire. Add two finely chopped onions and a clove of garlic. DFF 厚肉片，排 cube: n. 1) 立方体e.g. Cut the meat into small cubes. 2) (算术

32、) 立方e.g. The cube of 3 is 27. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing crafty: a. 狡猾的e.g. Do not trust him, he is as crafty as a fox. BackNext20上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 4 The mistranslations arise because many Chinese words express concepts obliquely and can be interpreted in multiple ways, making trans

33、lation a minefield for non-English speakers. W h a t a r e t h e m o r e memorable examples of Chinglish that you have seen? Translation 4.之所以产生误译是因为许多汉字表意时不直截了当，并有多种释义，这些都是非英语母语使用者在翻译中的“雷区”。记忆中还有哪些中式英语让人过目“难忘”呢？ arise: vi. 1) 出现，发生e.g. A new crisis has arisen. 2) 起床e.g. She arises at 9:00 a.m. inte

34、rpret: vt./vi. 1) 翻译e.g. Would you please interpret for me? 2) 理解e.g. His refusal to work late was interpreted as a lack of commitment to the company. 3) 解释 e.g. Freud attempted to interpret the meaning of dreams. multiple: a. . 多样的，多重的e.g. He is the person with multiple injuries. Players are not al

35、lowed to have multiple accounts. n. 倍数e.g. 4, 6, and 12 are multiples of 2. minefield: n. 1) 危险区，危机四伏的局面e.g. The legal system is a minefield for the ordinary people. 2) 雷区e.g. They realized they had wandered into a minefield. memorable: a. 值得纪念的2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 21上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社

36、BackNext5 Found commonly on products and signage in China it is an attempt at English marred by poor translation and misspelling. The sign above features a classic mistakenot only the bizarre word substitution (unless they really are selling bishops) but also the m o r e u n u s u a l u s e o f lang

37、uage. Where on earth did they find “nosh”?Translation5 在中国，产品和标示牌上充斥着误译和误拼的英文，这是对英语语言的糟蹋。上图中所示的英语招牌就是一种典型的错误，不仅词的选用离奇古怪（除非店家真的出售主教），而且语言的使用更是匪夷所思。“nosh”一词究竟从何而来？ Meaning: The English words or phrases on products, signs and posters in China are often incorrectly interpreted and misspelled. In this se

38、ntence, it is a function word and the logical subject is an attempt; thus what is really meant should be: an attempt is found commonly on products and signage in China. The past participle marred modifies English, functioning as an attribute. Questions about Paras. 4-5 nosh: n. 小吃，点心 mar: vt. 损毁，损伤，

39、糟蹋e.g. Age cannot mar her beauty. The noise marred the peace of the night. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 22上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 2. What has caused the mistakes frequently found in the names of the dishes on a menu? People do word for word translations ignoring the dietary culture in the w

40、est. 3. To which degree do you agree that Chinese words express concepts obliquely and can be interpreted in multiple ways? Many Chinese words each have more than two meanings and therefore can be interpreted differently depending on the contexts.2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 23上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版

41、社 BackNext 6 How much courage would be required of the potential user of the autobank if he or she sees the sign below: “ H e l p O n e s e l f Terminating Machine”! Translation 如果在自助银行上看到“帮助你结束自己的机器”的字样，谁还有勇气再往前踏入一步？ terminate: vt./vi. 结束，终止e.g. They have terminated the contract. The sign below fre

42、quently pops into your eye as you take a stroll in the park: 公园里散步时，下面这个标牌常常会跳入你的眼帘: 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 24上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext7.The sign below frequently pops into your eye as you take a stroll in the park：8 It may take you a few minutes before you can puzzle out the meaning of

43、 “Do the birds friend”! Translation 公园里散步时，下面这个标牌常常会跳入你的眼帘: 费一番思考之后，你才能琢磨出何谓“Do the birds friend”！ puzzle: vt. t 使困惑，为难e.g. Earthquake prediction is a question that continues to puzzle scientists. n. 1) 测验智力的问题（玩具）e.g. a crossword puzzle 填词游戏 2) 难题，迷惑puzzle out: 苦思冥想才弄清楚（或解决）e.g. He lay looking at t

44、he ceiling, trying to puzzle things out. Questions about Paras. 7-82. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing pop into: 突然进入 e.g. She popped into the kitchen to check the stove. 她快速走进厨房去检查炉子。 An idea popped into his mind like a flash. 他脑海里突然闪过一个念头。25上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 4. What is the sign “Let us do

45、the birds friend” really saying?A possible correction would be “Treat brids as our friends.” or “Birds are our friends.” or “Make friends with birds.” 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 26上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 9 Also, when someone takes a walk in the park, he or she is likely to come upon a not

46、ice erected by a meadow that reads: “I Like Your Smile, But Unlike You Put Your Shoes On My Face.” 10 “My God!” the walker would think, jumping back toward the asphalt. “The grass wrote that sign! The grass has a face!” Translation 9 在公园散步的行人，多半还会见到这样一块告示牌，立在草地旁，上面写着：“我喜欢你的微笑。但是不希望你把你的鞋子放在我的脸上。” 10

47、“我的天啊!”行人抽回脚步，连忙跳回到柏油马路上，心中纳闷，“告示牌是小草写的！小草还长着一张脸孔呢！” erect: vt. 竖立e.g. This city has erected a monument to the past mayor. Several wooden crosses were erected at the foot of the mountain. Questions about Paras. 9-10 asphalt: n. U 沥青；柏油e.g. Asphalt is used for making road surfaces. 2. Text: Chinglish

48、 Ban in Beijing 27上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 5. How would you interpret “不喜欢你把鞋子踩在我 的脸上”? A possible interpretation is: Please Keep Off the Grass. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 28上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext11 This is the beauty of Chinglish: It makes you laugh and think at the same time. 12 It

49、crackles with puzzling advice, like “Dont Press The Glass To Get Hurt!” and, “If You Are Stolen, Call The Police At Once!” Translation11 这便是中式英语的妙处：它带来笑声，同时也激发想象。12 还有下列令人费解的忠告：“为了受伤不要挤压玻璃！”，以及“如果你被偷走了，请立即报警！” Questions about Paras. 11-12 crackle: vi. 发出噼啪声e.g. The fire suddenly crackled and spat sp

50、arks. e.g. Attraction and opposition were crackling between them. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing When beauty is used in the context like the beauty of something, it refers to a particularly good quality that makes something especially suitable or useful, i.e. an advantage.e.g. The beauty of the p

51、lan consists in its simplicity. 29上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 6. What is the beauty of Chinglish according to the writer?Chinglish sometimes is entertaining, and simultaneously, thought provoking. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 30上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 13 In North America, parents saunter through mal

52、ls with kids, rarely thinking about the hidden dangers of escalators or staircases. They would after stumbling upon cryptic messages such as: When Old Mans Child Go Up Hand Ladder Temporary N e e d T h e F a m i l y To Accompany.NextBackTranslation 13 在北美洲，父母带着孩子逛购物中心，很少会想到自动扶梯或楼梯潜伏着危险。然而，在他们巧遇了晦涩的提

53、示语“老人的小孩上扶梯时暂时须有家人陪同”之后, 恐怕就会想一想了。 saunter: vi. 闲逛，漫步e.g. He sauntered along the street looking in the shop windows. 他在街上闲逛，眼睛扫视着商店橱窗。 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 31上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 14 They would also feel very suspicious when they see such common signs put up at a supermarket as “Should you

54、 lose your balance, Slip And Fall Down Carefully”, “Dont Forget To Carry Your Thing!” 15 You may decide against an impulse pedicure after learning one of the services offered at the salon was, Trim the Foot. And disabled travelers would have seen no humour in the “Deformed Man Toilet!” placard hangi

55、ng outside restrooms.NextBackTranslation suspicious: a. 1) 怀疑的e.g. He gave her a suspicious look. 2) 怀疑有罪的 e.g. His reluctance to answer the questions made the police suspicious. balance: n. 平衡e.g. The girl lost her balance and fell off the balance beam. With a good sense of balance, she learned to

56、ski quickly. vt. 1) 保持平衡 e.g. Can you balance yourself on skates? 2) 权衡，比较balance something against something: 比较（两个相对的事物）；权衡重要性e.g. Measures are taken to balance stable, fast economic growth against inflation control. impulse: 1) 冲动 a sudden impulse to laugh Marges first impulse was to run. 2) （电）脉

57、冲e.g. nerve impulses 神经脉冲 trim: vt. 1) 修剪e.g. Trim away/off any excess glue with a knife. 2) 降低，减少e.g. The company trimmed 46,000 euros from its advertising budget. 3) 装饰e.g. She wears a beautiful dress trimmed with lace. a. neat and well cared for 整洁的e.g. He wore a trim suit and looked smart. 2. Te

58、xt: Chinglish Ban in Beijing impulse: 1) 冲动 a sudden impulse to laugh Marges first impulse was to run. 2) （电）脉冲e.g. nerve impulses 神经脉冲14 另外，当他们在超市里看到诸如“如果失去平衡，请小心地滑倒”和“别忘了拿你的东西”等司空见惯的标示语时，人们也难免会疑惑丛生。 15 当你一时心血来潮，想做一做足疗，来到美容院看到其中的一项服务是“剪脚”，也许你会立即打消修脚的念头。当残疾游客看到“畸形人厕所”的标示牌悬于厕所门口时，想必也不会觉得有什么幽默。32上海交通大

59、上海交通大学学出版社出版社 16 As the use of English as l a n g u a g e o f g l o b a l communication is on the rise, an increasing number of conversations in English happen between non-native speakers. 17 English is the second most spoken language in the world, and it is estimated that by 2020 native speakers wi

60、ll make up only 15% of those using or learning the language. NextBackTranslation 16 作为一种全球沟通语言的英语使用得越来越多。非英语母语使用者之间用英语交谈的次数越来越多。 17 英语是世界上使用者人数位居第二的语言。据估测，到2020年，英语母语使用者人数将只占使用或学习这门语言人数的15%。 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 33authority: n. 1) 当局e.g. British police are cooperating with the Malaysian

61、 authority. 2) 权威e.g. people in (positions of) authority Could I speak to someone in authority (=who has a position of power) please? e.g. Im not an authority on civil rights. e.g. The authorities are most likely to permit us to import your products. 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 18 But dont worry; the Chinese

62、 government is on it. The English language press in China routinely calls for people to send in examples of Chinglish in an attempt to clear up bad English. Beijing city authorities have issued new translation guides and the booklets have been handed out to hotels and shopping malls, on public t r a

63、 n s p o r t a n d a t t o u r i s t attractions. (to be continued)NextBackTranslation Meaning: Government organizations in Beijing changed over 6,500 posters that had laughable errors in the English translation versions.Meaning: But there is no need t o w o r r y a b o u t t h e inconveniences caus

64、ed by bad E n g l i s h . T h e C h i n e s e government is making attempts to deal with the problem of Chinglish. clear up: 清理e.g. The White House hopes these problems can be cleared up soon. There are a couple of points we need to clear up before the meeting begins. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beiji

65、ng Meaning: Some scholars believe that such ill-formed Chinese English will soon disappear/be eradicated. Chinglishs days are soon to be gone and it will not be long before Chinglish is cleared up. e.g. I knew my days were numbered at that firm. 18 不过，无须忧虑，中国政府已经行动起来了。中国的英语出版界经常鼓励人们举报中式英语，以期根除不规范英语。

66、北京市政府已经发布了新的翻译规则手册，同时在饭店和购物中心，公共交通站点和景点发放小册子。34上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Authorities have replaced more than 6,500 signs in Beijing that were once gloriously lost in translation. Restaurants are now working from a standardized list, renaming menu items such as Husband and Wifes Lung Slices to Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce. Some scholars believe that Chinglishs days are numbered.NextBackTranslation18. . 有关部门已经撤换了北京市内6500块译文荒诞可笑的指示牌。餐馆正着手对照标准，重新命名菜单上的菜名，如把“丈夫和妻子的肺片”修改为“辣味猪肺片”。一些学者认为根除中式英语指日可待。 Meaning: Gover