高考化学方程式汇总专题

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1、高中常见化学方程式汇总(共58页)总 目 录-分 目 录 表一、无机化学方程式6A6Ag6Al6Al6Al2O3、Al(OH)37铝盐7As7B7Ba7Be8Br8C8C8C8CO9CO29Ca10Cl10Cu10F11F211Fe11Fe11FeO12Fe2O312Fe3O412Fe(OH)2、Fe(OH)312FeCl212FeCl312FeS13其它Fe化合物13H13H213Hg13HF14HCl14HBr14HI14H2O14H2O215H2S15H2CO315HClO15HNO315H3PO416H2SO316H2SO417I18K18K18K2O、K2O218KOH18K2CO3

2、18KHCO319KClO319KI19KAl(SO4)219KMnO419KSCN20KH20L20Li20Li2O20LiOH20Li2CO320LiHCO320M21Mg21MgO21Mg(OH)221MgCO321Mg(HCO3)221MgSO422MnO222N22N222NO、NO2、N2O522NH323NH4HCO3、(NH4)2CO323NH4Cl23NH4NO324(NH4)2SO3、(NH4)2SO424Na、Na2O、Na2O224NaH24NaOH25NaAlO225NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、NaI25Na2CO3、NaHCO326NaNO3、NaNO226Na

3、3PO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO426Na2S、NaHS26Na2SO4、Na2SO3、Na2S2O327Na2SiO327C6H5ONa27O27O227O328P28P28P2O3、P2O528Pb、PbO229铅盐29R29S29S29SO230SO330Si31SiO231Z31Zn31ZnO32Zn(OH)232二、热化学方程式32B32C32H33N33P34S34三、有机反应方程式34(一)、烷烃34(二)、烯烃34(三)、炔烃35(四)、芳香烃35(五)、石油35(六)、卤代烃35(七)、醇类36(八)、酚类36(九)、醛类36(十)、羧酸37(十一)、糖类37(十二)、

4、油脂38(十三)、氨基酸38四、离子反应方程式39A39Al39Ag40As40B40Ba40Br41C41C41Ca41Cl42CN42Cr42Cu43CxHyOz43F43F243Fe44H45H+45H2O45H2O245H2CO3系列45H3PO4系列46H2S系列46H2SO3系列47I47L47M47Mg47Mn48N48Na48NN3系列48NO2-、NO3-49O49P49S50S50Si50Z51五、电极反应方程式51(一)、原电池电极反应方程式511CuH2SO4Zn原电池512CuFeCl3C原电池513钢铁在潮湿的空气中发生吸氧腐蚀524氢氧燃料电池（中性介质）525氢

5、氧燃料电池（酸性介质）526氢氧燃料电池（碱性介质）527铅蓄电池（放电）528AlNaOHMg原电池539CH4燃料电池(碱性介质)5310熔融碳酸盐燃料电池5311银锌纽扣电池(碱性介质)53(二)、电解电极反应方程式531电解CuCl2溶液532电解精炼铜543电镀铜544电解饱和食盐水545电解HCl溶液546电解NaOH溶液547电解H2SO4溶液548电解KNO3溶液559电解CuSO4溶液5510电解AgNO3溶液5511铅蓄电池充电55正文部分 一、无机化学方程式AAgAg+2HNO3(浓)AgNO3+NO2+H2O2AgCl2Ag+Cl2(见光或受热)AgNO3+NaClAg

6、Cl+NaNO3AgNO3+NaBrAgBr+NaNO3AgNO3+NaIAgI+NaNO32AgNO3+H2SAg2S+2HNO3Ag3PO4+3HNO3H3PO4+3AgNO3AlAlAl+3O22Al2O3(纯氧) 2Al+3SAl2S3 2Al+3Cl22AlCl34Al(固)+3O2(气)2Al2O3(固)+3349.3 kJmol-14Al+3MnO22Al2O3+3Mn 2Al+Cr2O3Al2O3+2Cr2Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+2Fe 2Al+3FeOAl2O3+3Fe2Al + 6HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3H2 2Al+3H2SO4Al2(SO4)3+3H22Al

7、+6H2SO4(浓)Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O Al+4HNO3(稀)Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O (Al、Fe在冷、浓的H2SO4、HNO3中钝化)2Al+2NaOH+2H2O2NaAlO2+3H2Al2O3、Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2SO4Al2(SO4)3+3H2O (Al2O3是两性氧化物)Al2O3+2NaOH2NaAlO2+H2O2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2OAl(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O 2Al(OH)3+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+6H2O Al(OH)3+NaOHNaAlO2+2H2O铝盐AlCl3+3NaOHAl(OH)3+

8、3NaClAlCl3+3NH3H2OAl(OH)3+3NH4Cl2AlCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O2Al(OH)3+3CO2+6NaClAlCl3+3NaHCO3Al(OH)3+3CO2AlCl3+3NaAlO2+ 6H2O4Al(OH)3AlCl3+4NaOHNaAl(OH)4+3NaClAl2(SO4)3+3Na2S+ 6H2O2Al(OH)3+3H2SAl4C3+12H2O4Al(OH)3+3CH4 AsAs2O3+6Zn+12HCl2AsH3+6ZnCl2+3H2O3As2S3+28HNO3(稀)+4H2O6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28NOAs2S3+28HNO3(浓)2H3A

9、sO4+3H2SO4+28NO2+8H2OBBaBa(OH)2+CO2BaCO3+H2OBa(OH)2+2CO2(过量)Ba(HCO3)2Ba(OH)2+H2SO4BaSO4+2H2O 3Ba(OH)2+2H3PO3Ba3(PO4)2+6H2OBaCl2+H2SO4BaSO4+2HCl BaCl2+Na2SO4BaSO4+2NaClBaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+CO2+H2OBaCO3+2HNO3=Ba(NO3)2+CO2+H2OBaO2+H2SO4(稀)BaSO4+H2O2)Be Be+2HCl=BaCl2+H2 Be+2NaOH=Na2BO2+H2BeCl2+2NaOH=Be(OH)2

10、+2H2OBe(OH)2+2HCl=BeCl2+2H2OBe(OH)2+2NaOH=Na2BO2+2H2OBrBr2+H22HBr Br2+FeFeBr3Br2+2FeBr22FeBr3 Br2+NaINaBr+I2 Br2+HIHBr+I2Br2+H2OHBr+HBrOBr2+NaOHNaBr+NaBrO + H2OBr2+SO2 +2H2OH2SO4 +2HBrBr2+H2SS +2HBr2Br2+3Na2CO3+H2O2NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaBr+CO2CCCC+2F2CF4C+2Cl2CCl42C+O2(少量)2COC+O2(足量)CO2C+CO22COC+H2OCO+H2

11、(生成水煤气)2C+SiO2Si+2CO(制得粗硅)C+SisiC(金刚砂)C +2SCS23C+CaOCaC2+CO3C+SiO2SiC+2COC+2H2SO4(浓)CO2+2SO2+2H2OC +4HNO3(浓)CO2+4NO2+2H2OCO2CO+O22CO2CO+CuOCu+CO23CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2CO+H2OCO2+H2CO2CO2+2Mg2MgO+CCO2+H2OH2CO3CO2+2NaOH(过量)Na2CO3+H2OCO2(过量)+NaOHNaHCO3CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)CaCO3+H2O2CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2Ca(HCO3)2CO2+2NaA

12、lO2+3H2O2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3CO2+C6H5ONa+H2OC6H5OH+NaHCO3CO2+Na2ONa2CO32CO2+2Na2O22Na2CO3+O2CO2+NH3+NaCl+H2ONaHCO3+NH4Cl(侯氏制碱法)CaCaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2CaO+SiO2CaSiO32Ca(OH)2+2Cl2CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2OCa(OH)2 +SO3CaSO4+H2OCaCO3+2HNO3Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2(用HNO3和浓H2SO4不能制备H2S、HI、HBr、(SO2)等还原性气体)CaCO3+SiO2CaSiO3+CO2CaF2+H2S

13、O4(浓)CaSO4+2HFCa3(PO4)2+3H2SO4(浓)3CaSO4+2H3PO4Ca3(PO4)2+2H2SO4(浓)2CaSO4+Ca(H2PO4)2Ca3(PO4)2+4H3PO43Ca(H2PO4)2(重钙)CaH2+2H2OCa(OH)2+2H2ClCl2 +H2 2HCl (光照或点燃) Cl2 +2Na2NaCl 3Cl2 +2P2PCl3Cl2 +PCl3PCl53Cl2 +2Fe2FeCl3Cl2+CuCuCl2Cl2 +2FeCl22FeCl32Cl2+2NaBr2NaCl+Br2Cl2 +2KI 2KCl+I2* 5Cl2+I2+6H2O2HIO3+10HClC

14、l2 +Na2S2NaCl+SCl2 +H2S2HCl+SCl2+SO2 +2H2OH2SO4 +2HClCl2+H2SO3+ H2OH2SO4+2HClCl2+H2OHCl+HClOCl2 +H2O2 2HCl+O2Cl2+2NaOHNaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O3Cl2+6KOH(热、浓)5KCl+KClO3+3H2OCu2Cu +O22CuO 2Cu +SCu2SCu+ Cl2CuCl23CuO+2NH33Cu+N2+3H2OCuO+2HClCuCl2+H2OCuO+H2SO4CuSO4+H2OCu(OH)2+2HClCuCl

15、2+2H2OCu(OH)2+H2SO4CuSO4+2H2OCu(OH)2CuO + H2OCuCl2+H2SCuS+2HClCuCl2+2NaOHCu(OH)2+2NaClCuSO4+H2SCuS+H2SO4CuSO4+2NaOHCu(OH)2+Na2SO4CuSO4+Ba(OH)2Cu(OH)2+BaSO4FF2F2 + H2 = 2HF2F2 + 2H2O = 4HF + O2FeFe2Fe + 3Cl22FeCl33Fe +2O2Fe3O4Fe +SFeS2Fe+3Br22FeBr3Fe+I2FeI2Fe+SFeS3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2HClFeCl2+H2Fe

16、+CuCl2FeCl2+CuFe+SnCl4FeCl2+SnCl2Fe+ H2SFeS+H22Fe +6H2SO4(浓)Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2OFe +H2SO4(稀)FeSO4+H2Fe +6HNO3Fe(NO3)3+3NO2+3H2OFe +4HNO3Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O8Fe +30HNO38Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O10Fe +36HNO310Fe(NO3)3+3N2+18H2O8Fe +30HNO38Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFe(Al) +H2SO4(浓)室温下钝化Fe+(CH3COO)2CuCu+(CH3COO)2FeFeO3

17、FeO +2AlAl2O3+3Fe6FeO+O22Fe3O4FeO+4HNO3Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2OFe2O3Fe2O3+2AlAl2O3+2FeFe2O3+3CO2Fe+3CO2Fe2O3+3H22Fe+3H2O (制还原铁粉)Fe2O3+6HCl2FeCl3+3H2OFe3O4Fe3O4+4H23Fe+4H2OFe3O4+8HCl(浓)FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2OFe(OH)2、Fe(OH)34Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O = 4 Fe(OH)32Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2OFeCl22FeCl2 + Cl22FeCl3FeCl2+MgFe+MgCl2Fe

18、Cl32FeCl3+Fe3FeCl22FeCl3+Cu2FeCl2+CuCl2(用于雕刻铜线路版)2FeCl3+H2SO3+H2OH2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl2FeCl3+Zn2FeCl2+ZnCl22FeCl3+H2S2FeCl2+2HCl+S2FeCl3+2KI2FeCl2+2KCl+I2FeCl3+3NH3H2OFe(OH)3+3NH4Cl2FeCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O2Fe(OH)3+3CO2+6NaClFeCl3+3NaHCO3Fe(OH)3+3CO22FeCl3+SO2+2H2O2FeCl2+H2SO4+2HClBaCl2+H2SO4BaSO4+2HClFeCl3 +

19、 3KSCN = Fe(SCN)3 + 3KClFeSFeS + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2S FeS + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2S4FeS2 + 11O2 = 2Fe2O2 + 8SO2其它Fe化合物Fe2(SO4)3+2AgFeSO4+Ag2SO4(较难反应)Fe(NO3)3+Ag 不反应HH2H2 +F2 2HF (冷暗处爆炸)H2+Cl2 2HCl (光照或点燃) 3H2+N22NH3H2+SH2S6H2+P44PH32H2+SiCl4Si(纯)+4HClH2+2Na2NaH3H2+Fe2O32Fe+3H2O (制还原铁粉)4H2+Fe3O43Fe+4H2O 2H

20、2+SiO2Si+2H2OHg3Hg + 8HNO3(稀) = 3Hg(NO3)2 + 2NO2+ 4H2OHg + 4HNO3(浓) = Hg(NO3)2 + 2NO2+ 2H2OHF4HF+SiO2SiF4+2H2OHCl6HCl +2Al2AlCl3+3H22HCl +FeFeCl2+H24HCl(浓)+MnO2MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O4HCl(g)+O22Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO42KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O14HCl+K2Cr2O72KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2OHCl +NH3NH4Cl(白烟)2HCl +FeOFeCl2+3H2O6HCl

21、 +Fe2O32FeCl3+3H2O8HCl(浓) +Fe3O4FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2OHCl +Na3PO4Na2HPO4+NaClHCl +Na2HPO4NaH2PO4+NaClHCl +NaH2PO4H3PO4+NaClHCl +Na2CO3NaHCO3+NaClHCl +NaHCO3NaCl+H2O+CO2HBrHBr + NaOH = NaBr + H2O2HBr + Cl2 = 2HCl + Br2HI2HIH2+I22HI + Cl2 = 2HCl + I2 HI + NaOH = NaI + H2OH2O2F2 +2H2O4HF+O2Cl2+H2OHCl+HClO2N

22、a+2H2O2NaOH+H2Mg+2H2OMg(OH)2+H23Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H22H2O2H2+O2SO2+H2OH2SO3SO3+H2OH2SO43NO2+H2O2HNO3+NON2O5+H2O2HNO3P2O5+H2O(冷)2HPO3P2O5+3H2O(热)2H3PO4CO2+H2OH2CO3H2O22H2O22H2O+O2H2O2+ Cl22HCl+O25H2O2+2KMnO4 + 6HCl 2MnCl2+ 2KCl+ 5O2+ 8H2OH2SH2S +Cl22HCl+SH2S +MgMgS+H22H2S+3O2(足量)2SO2+2H2O2H2S+O2(少量)2S+

23、2H2O2H2S+SO23S+2H2OH2S+H2SO4(浓)S+SO2+2H2OH2SH2+S3H2S+2HNO3(稀)3S+2NO+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO42MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O* 3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O* H2S+4Na2O2+2H2ONa2SO4+6NaOHH2S+FeFeS+H2H2S+CuCl2CuS+2HClH2S+2AgNO3Ag2S+2HNO3H2S+HgCl2HgS+2HClH2S+Pb(NO3)2PbS+2HNO3H2S +4NO24NO+SO3+H2OH2CO3H2CO3

24、=CO2+H2OHClOHClO=HCl + O2HNO33HNO3+Ag3PO4H3PO4+3AgNO3Al+4HNO3(稀)Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O3As2S3+28HNO3+4H2O6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28NO4HNO3(浓)+CCO2+4NO2+2H2O2HNO3+CaCO3Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO26HNO3+FeFe(NO3)3+3NO2+3H2O4HNO3+FeFe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O30HNO3+8Fe8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O36HNO3+10Fe10Fe(NO3)3+3N2+18H2O30HNO3+8Fe8Fe(NO3)3+3N

25、H4NO3+9H2OFeO+4HNO3Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2O3H2S+2HNO3(稀)3S+2NO+4H2O4HNO34NO2+O2+2H2O(见光或受热分解)NH3+HNO3NH4NO3(白烟)(用HNO3和浓H2SO4不能制备H2S、HI、HBr、(SO2)3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)6NaNO3+2NO+3S+4H2O3Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O* 5HNO3(浓)+PH3PO4+5NO2+H2OP4+20HNO3(浓)4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OS+6HNO3(浓)H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3S+4 HNO3(稀)3SO2+4NO

26、+2H2O* S +6HNO3(浓)H2SO4+6NO2+2H2OH3PO44H3PO4+Ca3(PO4)23Ca(H2PO4)2(重钙)H3PO4(浓)+NaBrNaH2PO4+HBrH3PO4(浓)+NaINaH2PO4+HIH2SO3H2SO3+X2+H2OH2SO4+2HX(X表示Cl2、Br2、I2)2H2SO3+O22H2SO4H2SO3+H2O2H2SO4+H2O5H2SO3+2KMnO42MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2OH2SO3+2FeCl3+H2OH2SO4+2FeCl2+2HClH2SO3H2O+SO22H2SO3+2H2S3S+2H2OH2SO4Zn +H

27、2SO4ZnSO4+H2Fe +H2SO4FeSO4+H2Mg+H2SO4MgSO4+H22Al+3H2SO4Al2(SO4)3+3H22Al+6H2SO4(浓)Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O2NH3+H2SO4(NH4)2SO42Al+6H2SO4(浓)Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2OH2S+H2SO4(浓)S+SO2+2H2OP2O5+3H2SO4(浓)2H3PO4+3SO3BaO2+H2SO4(稀)BaSO4+H2O2)Na2O2+H2SO4(冷、稀)Na2SO4+H2O2MgO+H2SO4MgSO4+H2OAl2O3+3H2SO4Al2(SO4)3+3H2O2H2SO4(

28、浓)+CCO2+2SO2+2H2O2H2SO4(浓)+S3SO2+2H2OH2SO4(浓)+Fe(Al) 室温下钝化6H2SO4(浓)+2FeFe2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O2H2SO4(浓)+CuCuSO4+SO2+2H2OH2SO4(浓)+2HBrSO2+Br2+2H2OH2SO4(浓)+2HISO2+I2+2H2OH2SO4(浓) +CaF2CaSO4+2HFH2SO4(浓)+NaClNaHSO4+HClH2SO4(浓) +2NaClNa2SO4+2HClH2SO4(浓)+NaNO3NaHSO4+HNO3(微热)3H2SO4(浓)+Ca3(PO4)23CaSO4+2H3PO42H2

29、SO4(浓)+Ca3(PO4)22CaSO4+ Ca(H2PO4)2II2 + H2 2HII2 +Fe FeI2I2 + 2NaOH = NaI + NaIO +H2OKKK +O2KO22K + 2H2O = 2KOH + H2K2O、K2O2K2O + H2O = 2KOHK2O + CO2 = K2CO32K2O2 + 2CO2 = K2CO3 +O22K2O2 + 2H2O = 4KOH +O2KOH2KOH +CO2 = K2CO3 +H2OKOH +CO2 = KHCO3K2CO3K2CO3 +2HCl = 2KCl + CO2+ H2OK2CO3 +CaCl2 = CaCO3+

30、 2KCK2CO3 +2AgNO3 = Ag2CO3+ 2KNO3KHCO3KHCO3 +HCl = KCl + CO2+ H2O2KHCO3K2CO3 + CO2+ H2OKClO32KClO3 2KCl + 3O2KClO3 +6HCl = KCl +3Cl2 + 3H2OKI2KI + Cl2 = 2KCl + I2KI + AgNO3 = AgI+ KNO3KAl(SO4)22KAl(SO4)2 + 6NaOH = K2SO4 +3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)32KAl(SO4)2 + 3Ba(OH)2 = K2SO4 + 3BaSO4+ 2Al(OH)3KAl(SO4)2 + 2

31、Ba(OH)2 = KAlO2 +2BaSO4KMnO42KMnO4K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O22KMnO4 +16HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl2 +5Cl2 + 8H2O2KMnO4 + 5H2O2 + 6HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl2 +5O2 + 8H2OKSCN3KSCN + FeCl3 = Fe(SCN)3 + 3KClKHKH + H2O = KOH + H2LLiLi +O2Li2O2Li + 2H2O = 2LiOH + H2Li2OLi2O + CO2 = Li2CO3Li2O + H2O = 2LiOHLiOH2LiOH +CO2 = Li2CO3

32、+H2OLiOH +CO2 = LiHCO3Li2CO3Li2CO3 +2HCl = 2LiCl + CO2+ H2OLiHCO3LiHCO3 +HCl = LiCl + CO2+ H2O2LiHCO3Li2CO3 + CO2+ H2OMMg2Mg+O22MgOMg + 2H2O = 2Mg(OH)2 + H2Mg+Cl2MgCl22Mg+CO22MgO+CMg+SMgSMg+Br2MgBr2Mg+2HClMgCl2+H2Mg+H2SO4MgSO4+H22Mg+TiCl4(熔融)Ti+2MgCl2Mg+2RbCl(熔融)MgCl2+2RbMgOMgO + 2HCl = MgCl2 +H2OMg

33、O + H2O = Mg(OH)2Mg(OH)2Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl = MgCl2 +2H2OMgCO3MgCO3 +2HCl = 2MgCl2 + CO2+ H2OMgCO3 +2H2OMg(OH)2+ CO2MgCO3CO2+ MgOMg(HCO3)2Mg(HCO3)2 + 2HCl = MgCl2 + 2CO2+ 2H2O2Mg(HCO3)2Mg(OH)2 + CO2+ H2OMgSO4MgSO4 + Ba(OH)2 = Mg(OH)2 + BaSO4MgSO4 + 2NaOH = Mg(OH)2 + Na2SO4MnO2MnO2 + 4HCl(浓)MnCl2 + Cl2+ 2

34、H2ONN2N2+3H22NH3N2+O22NON2+3MgMg3N2N2+6Na2Na3NNO、NO2、N2O52NO+O22NO2NO+NO2+2NaOH2NaNO2(用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和NO2)6NO+4NH35N2+6H2ONO2+2KI+H2ONO+I2+2KOH(不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别溴蒸气和NO2)4NO2+H2S4NO+SO3+H2ONO2+SO2SO3+NO3NO2+H2O2HNO3+NON2O5+H2O2HNO3NH32NH3+3CuO3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3Cl2N2+6HCl8NH3+3Cl2N2+6NH4Cl4NH3+3O2(纯氧)2N2+6H

35、2O4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O4NH3+6NO5N2+6HO(用氨清除NO)NH3+HClNH4Cl(白烟)NH3+HNO3NH4NO3(白烟)2NH3+H2SO4(NH4)2SO4NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2NaHCO3+NH4Cl(侯氏制碱法)2NH3+SO2+H2O(NH4)2SO3NH3H2ONH3+H2ONH3 + H2ONH3H2ONH4+ + OH-NH4HCO3、(NH4)2CO3NH4HCO3NH3+H2O+CO2(NH4)2CO32NH3+H2O+CO2NH4ClNH4ClNH3+HCl2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2CaCl2 + NH3+H2ONH4Cl +

36、NaOH NaCl + NH3+H2ONH4Cl + NaOH = NaCl + NH3H2ONH4NO3NH4 NO3 + NaOH = Na NO3 + NH3H2ONH4 NO3 + NaOH Na NO3 + NH3+H2O5NH4NO32HNO3 + 4N2 + 9H2O(NH4)2SO3、(NH4)2SO4(NH4)2SO3+SO2+H2O2NH4HSO3(NH4)2SO4+ 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2 NH3H2O (NH4)2SO4+ 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2NH3+ 2H2ONa、Na2O、Na2O24Na+O22Na2O2Na+O2Na2O2Cl2 +2N

37、a2NaCl2Na+SNa2S(爆炸) 2Na+2H2O2NaOH+H22Na+H22NaH2Na+2NH32NaNH2+H2 4Na+TiCl4(熔融)4NaCl+TiNa2O+H2O2NaOH2Na2O+O22Na2O2Na2O+SO3Na2SO4Na2O+CO2Na2CO3Na2O+2HCl2NaCl+H2ONa2O2+2Na2Na2O(此反应用于制备Na2O)2Na2O2+2H2O4NaOH+O2(此反应分两步Na2O2+2H2O2NaOH+H2O2；2H2O22H2O+O2。H2O2的制备可利用类似的反应)2Na2O2+2CO22Na2CO3+O2Na2O2+H2SO4(冷、稀)Na

38、2SO4+H2O2NaHNaH + H2O = NaOH + H2NaOH2NaOH+Si+H2ONa2SiO3+2H26NaOH +3S2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O2NaOH+2Al+2H2O2NaAlO2+3H22NaOH(过量) +CO2Na2CO3+H2ONaOH +CO2(过量)NaHCO32NaOH +SiO2Na2SiO3+H2O(常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃)2NaOH+Al2O32NaAlO2+H2O2NaOH+Cl2NaCl+NaClO+H2ONaOH+HClNaCl+H2ONaOH+H2S(足量)NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S(少量)Na2S+2H2O3NaOH+Al

39、Cl3Al(OH)3+3NaClNaOH+Al(OH)3NaAlO2+2H2ONaOH+NH4ClNaCl+NH3+H2O4NaOH+AlCl3NaAl(OH)4+3NaCl2NaOH +P2O52NaPO3+H2O6NaOH+P2O52Na3PO3+3H2ONaAlO22NaAlO2+CO2+3H2O2Al(OH)3+Na2CO33NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O4Al(OH)3NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、NaINaCl +H2SO4(浓)NaHSO4+HClH2SO4(浓) +2NaClNa2SO4+2HCl2NaI+Cl22NaCl+I2NaBr +H3PO4(浓)NaH2PO4+

40、HBrNaI+ H3PO4(浓)NaH2PO4+HINa2CO3、NaHCO3Na2CO3+SiO2Na2SiO3+CO2Na2CO3+HClNaHCO3+NaClNaHCO3+HClNaCl+H2O+CO23Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O2Al(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O2Fe(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl3NaHCO3+AlCl3Al(OH)3+3CO23NaHCO3+FeCl3Fe(OH)3+3CO2NaHCO3 +HCl = NaCl + CO2+ H2O2NaHCO3Na2CO3 + CO2+ H2O3Na2CO3+2Br2+H2O2

41、NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaBr+CO2NaHCO3+Br2NaBr+HBrO+CO2NaNO3、NaNO22NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2H2SO4(浓)+NaNO3NaHSO4+HNO3(微热)KClO3 +6HCl = KCl +3Cl2 + 3H2ONaNO2 + NH4Cl = NaCl + N2 + 2H2ONa3PO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4Na3PO4+HClNa2HPO4+NaClNa2HPO4+HClNaH2PO4+NaClNaH2PO4+HClH3PO4+NaClNa2S、NaHSNa2S + Cl22NaCl+S3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)6NaNO3

42、+2NO+3S+4H2O3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O2Al(OH)3+3H2SNa2SO4、Na2SO3、Na2S2O33Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O2Na2SO3+O22Na2SO4Na2S2O3+H2SO4Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2ONa2SO3+SO2+H2O2NaHSO32NaHSO3Na2SO3+SO2+H2ONa2SiO3Na2SiO3 + 2HCl = H2SiO3+ 2NaClC6H5ONaC6H5ONa+CO2+ H2OC6H5OH+NaHCO3OO2O2 +2H22H2OO2+K KO22O2 +3FeFe3O4O2+SSO2

43、O2+N22NO 3O22O34P+5O2P4O10(常写成P2O5)C+O2(足量)CO2Si(粉)+O2SiO24Na+O22Na2O2Na2O+O22Na2O22Na+O2Na2O22Mg+O22MgO4Al+3O22Al2O3(钝化)4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O2SO2+O22SO32CO+O22CO26FeO+O22Fe3O42H2SO3+O22H2SO44Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O4Fe(OH)32Na2SO3+O22Na2SO4O32O3 = 3O2O3 + 2HI = I2 + O2 + H2OPP2P +3Cl22PCl3PCl3 + Cl2PCl5P4+6H24PH

44、34P+5O2P4O10(常写成P2O5)P4+20HNO3(浓)4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O11P+15CuSO4+24H2O5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4PH3 + 2O2 = H3PO4P2O3、P2O5P2O5+H2O(冷)2HPO3P2O5+3H2O(热)2H3PO4(P2O5极易吸水、可作气体干燥剂* P2O5+3H2SO4(浓)2H3PO4+3SO3P2O5+2NaOH2NaPO3+H2OP2O5+6NaOH2Na3PO3+3H2OPb、PbO2Pb + 2HCl = PbCl2 + H2PbO2+4HCl(浓)PbCl2+Cl2+2H2O铅盐Pb(NO3)2+H

45、2SPbS+2HNO3(CH3COO)2Pb + H2S = PbS + CH3COOHR2Rb + 2H2O = 2RbOH + H2RbOH + HCl = RbCl + H2OSSS+H2H2S2S+CCS2S+FeFeSS+2CuCu2S3S+2AlAl2S3S+ZnZnSS+O2SO2S+6HNO3(浓)H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3S+4 HNO3(稀)3SO2+4NO+2H2O3S+6NaOH2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2OS+ 2NaNa2S(爆炸)S +MgMgSS+ FeFeSS+ 2H2SO4(浓)3SO2+2H2OSO2SO2+2H2S3S+2H2O2SO2+O22

46、SO32SO2+O2+2H2O2H2SO4SO2+Cl2+2H2OH2SO4+2HClSO2+Br2+2H2OH2SO4+2HBrSO2+I2+2H2OH2SO4+2HI* SO2+NO2SO3+NOSO2+2H2S3S+2H2OSO2+H2OH2SO3SO2+2NH3+H2O(NH4)2SO3SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O2NH4HSO3SO2+Ca(OH)2CaSO3+H2O(不能用澄清石灰水鉴别SO2和CO2.可用品红鉴别)2NaOH+SO2(少量)Na2SO3+H2ONaOH+SO2(足量)NaHSO3Cl2+SO2 +2H2OH2SO4 +2HClSO3SO3+H2OH2SO4S

47、O3+MgOMgSO4SO3+Ca(OH)2CaSO4+H2OSO3+Na2ONa2SO4* SO3+2KIK2SO3+I2SiSi(粗)+2Cl2SiCl4SiCl4+2H2Si(纯)+4HClSi(粉)+O2SiO2Si+CsiC(金刚砂)Si+2NaOH+H2ONa2SiO3+2H2SiO22C+SiO2Si+2CO(制得粗硅)3C+SiO2SiC+2CO2Mg+SiO22MgO+Si4HF+SiO2SiF4+2H2OSiO2+2H2Si+2H2O* SiO2+2Mg2MgO+SiSiO2+CaOCaSiO3SiO2+2NaOHNa2SiO3+H2O(常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃)SiO2+N

48、a2CO3Na2SiO3+CO2SiO2+CaCO3CaSiO3+CO22NaOH+SiO2Na2SiO3+H2OZZnZn +SZnSZn+ 2HCl ZnCl2+H2Zn+ H2SO4ZnSO4+H2Zn+ 2NaOH Na2ZnO2+H2Zn+ 2FeCl32FeCl2+ZnCl2ZnOZnO + 2HCl = ZnCl2 + H2OZnO + 2NaOH = Na2ZnO2 + H2O Zn(OH)2Zn(OH)2 +2HCl = ZnCl2 + 2H2OZn(OH)2 + 2NaOH = Na2ZnO2 + 2H2OZn(OH)2 + 4NH3H2O = Zn(NH3)4(OH)2

49、+ 4H2OZn(OH)2 ZnO + H2O二、热化学方程式BB2H6(g)+ 3O2(g)=B2O3(s)+ 3H2O(l)；H= - 2165 kJmol-1CC(石墨，s)+O2(g)= CO2(g)；H= - 393.5kJmol-1C(金刚石，s)+O2(g)= CO2(g)；H= - 395.4kJmol-1C(金刚石，s) = C(石墨，s)； H= - 1.90 kJmol-1C(s)+H2O(g)= CO(g) + H2(g)；H= + 131.3kJmol-1C(s)+ 1/2 O2(g)= CO(g)；H= - 110.5kJmol-1C(s)+O2(g)= CO2(g

50、)；H= - 393.5kJmol-1CO (g) + 1/2O2(g) = CO2 (g)；H = - 283 kJmol-1CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l) = C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(s)；H = - 127 kJmol-1CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(l)；H= - 890.3 kJmol-1C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) = 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)；H = - 1411 kJmol-1C2H2(g) + 5/2O2(g) = 2CO2(g) + H2O(l)；H = - 1300 kJmol-1C3H8(g)+5O2(g)=3CO2(

51、g)+4H2O(l)；H= - 2220.0 kJmol-1C8H18 (l)+25/2O2(g)= 8CO2(g)+ 9H2O(l)；H= - 5518 kJmol-1CH3OH (l) + 3/2O2(g) = CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)；H = - 725.8 kJmol-1C2H5OH (l) + 3O2(g) = 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)；H = - 1367 kJmol-1C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2(g) = 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)；H = - 2800 kJmol-1HH2 (g) + Cl2 (g) = 2HCl (g)；H = - 184.

52、6 kJmol-12H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g)；H= - 483.6 molL-1H2(g)+ 1/2O2(g)=H2O(l)；H= - 241.8 kJmol-12H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l)；H= - 571.6kJmol-1H2(g)+ 1/2O2(g)=H2O(l)；H= - 285.8 kJmol-12H2O(g)=2H2(g)+O2(g)；H= + 483.6 kJmol-1H2O(g)=H2(g)+ 1/2O2(g)；H= + 241.8 kJmol-12H2O(l)=2H2(g)+O2(g)；H= +571.6 kJmol-1H2O(l)=H2(g)+ 1

53、/2O2(g)；H= +285.8 kJmol-1H2O(l) = H2O(g)；H= + 44kJmol-1H2O(g) = H2O(l)；H= - 44kJmol-1HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) = NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)；H= - 57.3kJmol-1H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) = H2O (l)；H= - 57.3kJmol-1NN2(g)+ O2(g)=NO2(g)；H= + 180.7kJmol-1N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)；H= - 92.4kJmol-14 NH3(g)+5O2(g)4NO(g) +6H2O(g)；H = -

54、907 kJmol-12NO(g) +O2(g) 2NO2(g)；H = - 113 kJmol-13NO2(g) +H2O(l) 2HNO3(l) +NO(g)；H = - 136 kJmol-1N2H4(g) + O2(g) = N2(g) + 2H2O(g)；H = - 534 kJmol-1N2H4(l) + 2H2O2(l) = N2(g) + 4H2O(g)；H = - 641.6 kJmol-12N2H4(g) + 2NO2(g) = 3N2(g) + 4H2O(g)；H = - 1135.7 kJmol-1PP4(白磷，s) = 4P(红磷，s)；H = - 66.8 kJmo

55、l-1SS(g)+O2(g) SO2(g)；H= - 297kJmol-1FeS2(s) + 11/4O2(g) 1/2Fe2O3(s) + 2SO2(g)；H = - 853 kJmol-1SO2(g)+ 1/2O2(g) SO3(g)；H= - 98.3kJmol-1SO3(g)+H2O(l) = H2SO4(l)；H= - 130.3kJmol-1三、有机反应方程式(一)、烷烃CH4 +2O2CO2 + 2H2OCH4 + 2Cl2CH2Cl2 + 2HClCH4 + 3Cl2CHCl3+ 3HClCH4 + 4Cl2CCl4 + 4HClCH4 C + 2H2(二)、烯烃C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2OCH2CH2 + Br2CH2BrCH2BrCH2CH2 + H2OCH3CH2OHCH2CH2 +H2CH3CH3CH2CH2 +HClCH3CH2ClnCH2CH2CH3CH2OH CH2CH2 + H2O(三)、炔烃CaC2 + 2H2OC2H2 + Ca(OH)22C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2OCHCH + Br2 CHBrCHBrCHBrCHBr + Br2 CHBr2CHBr2CHCH +HCl H2CCHCln H2CCHCl (四)、芳香烃2C6H6+15O2 12CO2 + 6H2O+ Br2 + HBr+H