语法专题17--代词

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1、代词高频考点清单O代词的分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe, she, itweyouthey宾格meyouhim, her, itusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis, her, itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis, hers, itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself,herself, itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词this, that, these, those, such, the same疑问代词连接

2、代词who, whom, whose, what, which关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that不定代词some, any, every, each, many, much, a few, a little, all, none, both, either,neither, other, another相互代词each other, one another代词分为九类，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。O代词的核心考点1 .人称代词(1) 人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下五种情况： 作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这

3、种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。一Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing. 句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。This is our new car.I bought it yesterday.(用 it 彳弋替 our new car) 作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I

4、met in the hospital. 在比较级的句子中than, as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me.但在下列句子中有区别：I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too. 用来表示感叹时，用代词的宾格代替主格形式。Dear me!(2) 两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三一(人称)。宾格me也一样。You, she

5、 and I will be in charge of the case.Mr Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.2.物主代词(1) 注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。(2) one, s own. = .of one, s own 的转换。(3) 某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。take sb.by the arm, be wounded in the leg3 .反身代词(1) 反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语。(2) 反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。devote oneself to 致力于dress on

6、eself自 己穿衣enjoy oneself过得快乐feel oneself觉得身体正常(3) 反身代词还可和某些介词连用。for oneself为自己；独立地of oneself自然地；自动地by oneself独自地in oneself 本身4. 相互代词(each other, one another)相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other s, oneanother s,用作定语。一般来说,each other指两者之间,one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。5. 指示代词(this, that, these, tho

7、se, such, the same)指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语或表语等。(1) 指示代词 this(these)和 that(those)的区别。 this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days women could not go to school. this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this： the En

8、glish party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday.That, s why he didn t come. 为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍；that用于询问对方；this和that还可以当副词用，意思相当于副词s。Hello.T

9、his is Lily speaking.Who? s that?Can hard work change a person that much?(2) such和same的用法。 such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。Such was the story.We have never seen such a tall building. the same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。The same can be said of the other article.Whether he can do it or not, it is all the same t

10、o me.6. 疑问代词(who, whom, which, what, whose)疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。(l)who/what 询问姓名或关系。Who is he?一He is my brother./He is Henry.询问职业或地位。What is he?一He is a lawyer/teacher. what/who作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。What is/are on the table?Who is/are in the library?（2）which 与 who, whatwhich表示在一定范围内，而who, wh

11、at则无此限制。I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?7. 连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who, whom, whose, what, which以及它们与-ever合成的代词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，由连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加thato关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who, whom, whose, which, that等。这两类代词的用法

12、详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。8 .不定代词不定*弋词主要有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many,much, other, another, some, any, no 等。还有由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every, no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别：（l）some 与 any一般用法：some, any可与单、复数可数

13、名词及不可数名词连用。some 般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。特殊用法： any用于肯定句表示“任何”。Any child can do that.（定语）You may take any of them.（宾语） some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一” oSmith went to some place in England定语） 在期待对方回答yes时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Mum, could you give me some money?（请求）Would you like some bananas?（邀请） some用于否定句表示部分否定。I don t

14、 know some of the students宾语） some和any还有副词的词性，在句中可作状语。some意为大约”,相当于about；而any则表示程度，意为“稍微，丝毫”。There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?(2) one, both, all 。ne作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”，其复数为。nes；指人时,其所有格是one s,反身代词是oneselfoOne should try one, s best to serve the people主语、定语)Thi

15、s is not the one I want.(表语) one, ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复。one, ones前面分别可以用：this, that；these, those 或 the, which 等词修饰。Here are three pens.Which one is yours, this one or that one or the one in the pencil case?These books are more interesting than those ones. both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”。注意：both用于

16、否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the, these, those, my等之后,而应放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.Both the boys are tall. all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语或同位语，指“全部的；整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用；除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用；与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的，全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物

17、。注意：all用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定用noneoNot all the ants go out for food.(or： All the ants don t go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚊都出去觅食。None of the money is mine.这钱没有一分是我的。(3) many 和 muchmany和much都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。much有时用作状语。(4) few, little, a few, a littlefew和little表示“没有多少”，含否

18、定意义；而a few和a little表示“有一些，有几个”,含肯定意义。另外，few, a few修饰可数名词；little, a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。(5) no 和 noneno = not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语。none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意：none既可以指人又可以指物；no one只能指人。（6）each 和 everyeach（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、

19、定语和同位语;every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。Each of them has been there.（主语）The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook宾语）We each got a ticket.（同位语）Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）Every student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调班上所有的人”）（7）either 和 neithereither是“两者中任

20、何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词；neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句中作主语、宾语或定语。Here are two pens.You may take either of them.（宾吾）Neither boy knows French定语）注意:either用作副词，意为也”,用于否定句的句末。He doesn, t like tea, and I don teither.（状语）either与or连用构成连词，意为“不是就是”或“要么要么” o He is either Japanese or Chinese. neither 用作副

21、词，意为“也不”，即“not.either” oHe can, t do it, neither can I.neither 可与 nor 连用构成连词，意为“既不也不” o Neither he nor you are a student.（8）the other 和 another, the others 和 others the other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other+复数可数名词”及the others表示“其他的全部人或物”。others及other +复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。He got two books； on

22、e is a textbook, and the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red； the others （the other pens） are yellow.Some are singing； others are dancing. another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三者或三者以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。This coat is too dark.Please show me another.（宾i吾）Please give me another book.（定语）注意：another修

23、饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。Please give me another ten minutes.=Please give me ten more minutes.O写作中代词易错点聚焦1. 主格、宾格混乱（误）You and us should join hands to do it.（iE）You and we should join hands to do it.2. 语序错误（误）1 and my family all like playing golf.（正）My family and I all like playing golf.3 .称谓指代混乱（误）Everyone sho

24、uld take an umbrella with yourself.（lE）Everyone should take an umbrella with himself or herself.重温高考真题考向1人称、物主与反身代词单句语法填空1. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them（they） alive.（2018-全国 III）解析 此处作find的宾语，所以用宾格themo2. Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter ca

25、me running from the house. “She thought I hadhurt myself（I）, says Pahlsson.（2017-浙江）解析 句意为：她原本以为我伤到了自己。根据句意可知用I的反身代词myselfo3.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its（it） mother.（2016-全国 I ）解析 根据空格后的名词及前面的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。4.Now it

26、 occurred to him（he） that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was abit ofluck.（2015-广东）解析It occurred to sb.that.某人突然想到,固定句型，此句型中sb.为宾语，应用宾格形式，故填him。考向2替代词及不定代词单句语法填空1 .Running is cheap.If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the samebenefits as other sp

27、orts, so perhaps we should all give it/running a try.（2018全国 I ）解析 此处号召我们都应该试试跑步。give sth.a try尝试一下某事。此处可填running,也可用it指代。2.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than25,000 people were using it every day.（2017-全国 II）解析 use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，此

28、处用it指代上文提到的the railwayo|技法指导|无提示词的语法填空题，当句子缺主语或宾语时，因为在句中充当主语或宾语的多是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中是不要求考生填名词的，所以只能填代词（如例1、2、3）o在确定填代词后，再根据语境，弄清所缺主语或宾语具体指代的上文或下文中的内容。结合不同代词的意义和用法，确定填哪个代词。在选择代词时，我们要从人称、性别、单复数等方面进行考虑，是指代人还是指代物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数（如例4）。彳列 1 I am sorry 1 can t lend the bike to you, for Tom is using it.彳列 2 He

29、len is studying in the library.You can find her there.例 3 The problem is difficult to deal with.I can t solve it by myself.热考点集训I .单句语法填空I .It s a tiring job.I have to work whenever there are dogs at home, and no time to enjoy myself（I）.2. Jack and Tom are good friends and they are in the same class

30、.3. When living overseas in a place where people speak a different language, it can be difficult tomake yourself understood.4. The cost of renting a house in central Xi an is higher than that in any other area of the city.5. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them w

31、ants to, because theyhave work to do.II .语法填空（代词专练）I can t believe I made l.it into San Francisco at last!This morning, I went to the airport by 2.myself（I） to catch my 10:00 a.m.flight.I got thereearly to go through security.Since I had an electronic ticket, 3.which was more convenient, I thenwent

32、straight to the boarding gate.When I got there, I couldn t believe 4.my ears一it wasannounced that the flight was put off for two hours!I made a decision to look at the flight monitors to see 5.if/whether there was an earlier flight toSan Francisco.I saw that there was 6.another flight that would lea

33、ve in 40 minutes, so I ran to theboarding gate of 7.that flight.When I got there, I asked the gate agent if I could get on that flightinstead.She said that I needed to stay in the gate area and wait for my name to be called if 8.theyhad a seat available.So, I waited, and waited, and waited.9.All the

34、 passengers were waitingimpatiently.The gate agent began calling out names.Guess what? I found 10.nobody was behind me.Thelast name called was 11 .mine.The last seat left on the plane was a middle seat and I usually prefer12.one near a window, but I was just happy to get on board.I didnt want my vacation to getdelayed because of a late flight.