高考英语 专题解析基础写作 正反论证课件

《高考英语 专题解析基础写作 正反论证课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语 专题解析基础写作 正反论证课件（41页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、相关短语相关短语1. the minority/majority of. 少数少数/大多数大多数2. traffic safety 交通安全交通安全3. disapprove of 不同意；不赞成不同意；不赞成4. persuade sb. not to do. 说服某人不做说服某人不做5. follow the advice 听从劝告听从劝告6. as far as I am concerned 就我所知就我所知7. carry out 实施实施8. think highly of 高度评价高度评价9. a good solution to. 一个做一个做的解决的解决好办法好办法10. in

2、 addition 此外此外11. become more rebellious 变得更加叛变得更加叛逆逆12. from my perspective 在我看来在我看来13. be suitable for 适合适合14. have a heated discussion 进行一次热进行一次热烈的讨论烈的讨论15. provide a stage for sb. 给某人提供一给某人提供一个舞台个舞台16. draw the conclusion that. 得出结论得出结论17. key to success 成功的秘诀成功的秘诀18. focus more on. 更加关注更加关注相关句式

3、相关句式1. Recently we have had a discussion about whether parents should accompany their children at school. 最最近我们讨论了父母是否该在学校陪读。近我们讨论了父母是否该在学校陪读。2. Nearly 70% of us disagree because they think it makes them fall into the habit of dependence.我们中有将近我们中有将近70%的人不赞同的人不赞同,因为他们认为这会使他们养因为他们认为这会使他们养成依赖性。成依赖性。3.

4、 While about 30% of my classmates think it necessary for our parents to accompany us.而我的同学中大约而我的同学中大约30%的人认为父母有的人认为父母有必要陪读。必要陪读。4. Some people say yes, who think that the Internet helps make friends on line. 有些人有些人同意同意, 他们认为互联网有助于网上交友。他们认为互联网有助于网上交友。5. My opinion is that students should place their

5、study, health and safety before other things.我的意见是学生应我的意见是学生应该把学习、健康、和安全放在其他事该把学习、健康、和安全放在其他事情之前。情之前。1. 基础写作是根据所给的内容组织成文基础写作是根据所给的内容组织成文, 不是自由发挥。部分考生喜欢在文章中使不是自由发挥。部分考生喜欢在文章中使用用 “Every coin has two sides”过渡过渡, 但是但是这个句子并不包含任何信息点这个句子并不包含任何信息点, 不适合在不适合在基础写作中使用。基础写作中使用。2. 正反论证的议论文要注意使用转折和对正反论证的议论文要注意使用转折

6、和对比的词比的词, 如如however, in contrast, compared with等。等。3. 如果文章最后要求考生发表自己观点如果文章最后要求考生发表自己观点, 考考生不能简单地说生不能简单地说I agree with.或者或者I disagree with., 而是要言之有物而是要言之有物, 有理有据。有理有据。你班同学开展了一场你班同学开展了一场“司机醉驾是否应该处罚乘客司机醉驾是否应该处罚乘客”的讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息的讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息, 给报社写一封信给报社写一封信, 介绍讨论的情况介绍讨论的情况, 并发表你的看法。并发表你的看法。写作内容写作内容少数同

7、学赞成处罚乘客少数同学赞成处罚乘客大多数同学反对处罚乘客大多数同学反对处罚乘客1. 减少交通事故减少交通事故,促进促进交通安全交通安全2. 不乘坐醉酒司机的车不乘坐醉酒司机的车,不仅是对自己负责不仅是对自己负责, 也也是对司机和路人负责是对司机和路人负责1. 乘客难以判断司机是否乘客难以判断司机是否醉酒醉酒2. 即使乘客知道司机饮即使乘客知道司机饮酒酒, 如果司机不听从乘客的如果司机不听从乘客的劝诫劝诫, 处罚乘客是不公平的处罚乘客是不公平的你的看法：你的看法：例题导写例题导写1. 确定文体结构。本文是正反论证确定文体结构。本文是正反论证, 因此正反观点之间因此正反观点之间的论证应该是属于并列

8、关系的论证应该是属于并列关系, 而双方观点的论点和分论而双方观点的论点和分论点则为总分关系。而最后，考题要求考生写出自己的点则为总分关系。而最后，考题要求考生写出自己的观点观点, 这个属于对全文的总结。因此这个属于对全文的总结。因此, 文章的信息点划文章的信息点划分非常明确分非常明确, 正反观点各占两个句子正反观点各占两个句子, 考生的观点应该考生的观点应该为最后一个句子。考生可以采用两种方法使自己的观为最后一个句子。考生可以采用两种方法使自己的观点明确。第一种：第一句的信息点可以包含点明确。第一种：第一句的信息点可以包含“少数同少数同学赞成处罚乘客学赞成处罚乘客”(总起总起)和第一个原因和第

9、一个原因, 而第二句则讲而第二句则讲述第二个原因述第二个原因(递进递进); 第二种：第一句为总起，第二句第二种：第一句为总起，第二句则包含了两个赞成的理由。陈述则包含了两个赞成的理由。陈述“大多数同学反对处大多数同学反对处罚乘客罚乘客”这方面也是同理。这方面也是同理。2. 词汇整理词汇整理句句1：(1) 少数同学少数同学: the minority of students句句2：(2) 交通事故交通事故 : traffic accidents(3) 交通安全交通安全 : traffic safety(4) 对对负责任负责任 : be responsible for句句3：(4) 大部分学生大部

10、分学生 :the majority of students句句4：(5) 劝说某人做某事劝说某人做某事 : persuade sb. to do sth. (6) 听从某人的劝说听从某人的劝说 : follow ones advice3. 难句翻译难句翻译 句句2：不乘坐醉酒司机的车：不乘坐醉酒司机的车, 不仅是对自己不仅是对自己负责负责,也是对司机和路人负责。也是对司机和路人负责。分析：本句的主语是分析：本句的主语是 “不乘坐醉酒司机不乘坐醉酒司机的车的车”, 因此考生可以考虑使用动词不定因此考生可以考虑使用动词不定式式not to do sth.作主语。不仅作主语。不仅也也可以使用可以使用

11、not only.but also.或者或者as well as这些短语。这些短语。翻译翻译 : Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road. / Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is responsible for passengers themsel

12、ves as well as the drivers and other people on the road.句句4：即使乘客知道司机饮酒：即使乘客知道司机饮酒, 如果司机不听如果司机不听从乘客的劝诫从乘客的劝诫, 处罚乘客是不公平的。处罚乘客是不公平的。分析：本句的主句是分析：本句的主句是“处罚乘客是不公平的处罚乘客是不公平的”, 考生可以考虑用考生可以考虑用it作形式主语的句型作形式主语的句型it is unfair to.，而，而“即使即使”可以使用可以使用even if引引导的让步状语从句。导的让步状语从句。翻译翻译: Even if the passenger knows the

13、driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice.4. 连句成文连句成文 (1)不同意某个观点不同意某个观点:disagree with sb. /be against the opinion that /disapprove of the idea(2)表述表述“转折转折”的连接词的连接词:although /instead

14、/rather than/ nevertheless/otherwise / on the one hand.on the other hand.(3) 表示表示“对照对照”的连接词的连接词(3)whereas /in contrast /unlike /on the contrary /while / by contrast /compared with(4) 表示表示“让步让步”的连接词的连接词(4)after all /in spite of /still /provided / while it is true.参考范文参考范文 Dear Editor， Im writing to t

15、ell you about the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. The minority of the students hold the opinion that punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety. Not to ride in a car driven by a

16、drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road. The majority of the students, however, disapprove of the idea, stating that it is difficult for common passengers to know whether the driver has been drinking or not. Wh

17、ats more, even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice. As far as I am concerned, punishing passengers as well as the drivers is not only unfair but is a

18、lso hard to carry out. Yours sincerely， Li Hua能力提高能力提高1. 短语翻译短语翻译(1)尽管尽管: despite / in spite of / although / though(2)由于由于: due to / because of / owing to / on account of(3)然而然而: however / yet(4) 因为因为 :because / since / as(5) 此外此外 : Besides / Whats more / In addition / Furthermore / Moreover(6) 即使即使

19、 :even if / even though(7) 总之总之 : In general /In short /All in all / To draw a conclusion / On the whole(8) 但是但是 :but(9) 导致导致 :bring about/give rise to / lead to /result in(10) 与与无法相比无法相比: cant be compared with2. 作文填空作文填空 We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars a

20、nd we have different opinions. Some believe that we should give money to those who are in bad need of our help. Among these beggars are the elderly， drop-outs and the disabled, who can hardly make a living 1 _ old age, poverty or physical inability. due to/because of /owing toMany more students, 2 _

21、, think we shouldnt give them money 3 _ most of the beggars are begging in the hope of earning some easy money. 4 _, to give money would encourage them to be lazy 5 _ _ they have the ability to work. 6 _, _we should help the people of the inferior group, 7 _ we should remain sensible when giving the

22、m money.buthoweverbecause/since/as Besides/Whats more/In addition/Furthermoreeven if /eventhoughIn general/In short/All in all/To draw aconclusion3. 翻译句子翻译句子 (8) 尽管自行车有很多明显的优点尽管自行车有很多明显的优点, 但是它也存但是它也存在它的问题在它的问题, 因为在速度和舒适度等方面因为在速度和舒适度等方面, 自行自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。Despite many obv

23、ious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problems because bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.(9)很多人存在这样的误解很多人存在这样的误解, 认为离开学校认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然, 他们忽他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。A large number of peo

24、ple tend to live under the illusion that /wrongly believe that they have completed their education when they finish their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.(10)越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设

25、起到积极作用。然而起到积极作用。然而, 越来越多的城市居民越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了他们抱怨民工给城市带来了很多严重的问题很多严重的问题, 如：犯罪等。如：犯罪等。An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will have positive effects on the construction of cities. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who

26、complain that the migrants have brought about /given rise to /led to / resulted in many serious problems like crime.最近一则关于最近一则关于“狼爸狼爸”通过严厉的家教通过严厉的家教, 甚至鞭打子甚至鞭打子女促使他们考上北大的报道掀起了讨论的热潮。你女促使他们考上北大的报道掀起了讨论的热潮。你们学校上周末也因此开展了一场们学校上周末也因此开展了一场“Is Wolf Dad approach wrong?”的讨论的讨论, 你对辩论赛作了一份总结。你对辩论赛作了一份总结。20%的学生认

27、为的学生认为“狼狼爸爸”方法正确方法正确80%的学生不赞成这种方法的学生不赞成这种方法1. 教会孩子自律教会孩子自律2. 解决中国父母过分解决中国父母过分溺爱孩子的问题溺爱孩子的问题1. 方法粗暴方法粗暴, 甚至是违法的甚至是违法的2. 使孩子更叛逆使孩子更叛逆3. 孩子童年快乐更重要孩子童年快乐更重要写作内容写作内容 1. 以上表格的内容；以上表格的内容； 2. 你的看法。你的看法。参考词汇：参考词汇：rebellious adj. 叛逆的叛逆的参考范文参考范文 Last weekend, a debate was held in my school about whether Wolf D

28、ad approach is wrong and students hold different opinions. 20% of the students think highly of Wolf Dad approach because they firmly believe that it can teach a child self-discipline, which is very important for their growth. What is more, too many Chinese children are ruined with excessive love and

29、 care so Wolf Dad approach is a good solution to this big problem. However, the majority of the students disapprove of this approach, believing that it is rude and even illegal. In addition, children may become more rebellious and it is more important for them to have a happy childhood. From my pers

30、pective, Wolf Dad approach is too extreme and is not suitable for every family.精华点评精华点评 在正反论证的议论文中在正反论证的议论文中, 在表达观在表达观点的时候点的时候, 很多考生只是会用很多考生只是会用they think, agree, disagree等简单低级的词汇。考等简单低级的词汇。考生要注意语言的丰富性。在而本范文则生要注意语言的丰富性。在而本范文则使用了多个不同的词组：使用了多个不同的词组：think highly of, firmly believe that, disapprove of和和

31、believing that。 另外考生不要把基础写作看成简单的翻译另外考生不要把基础写作看成简单的翻译, 如如“解决中国父母过分溺爱孩子的问题解决中国父母过分溺爱孩子的问题”倘若简倘若简单翻译为单翻译为solve the problem of Chinese parents spoiling their children, 语法上虽然没有错语法上虽然没有错, 但是但是并不地道并不地道,因此可以根据信息点的语意和内在逻因此可以根据信息点的语意和内在逻辑对句子改造为辑对句子改造为“孩子受到过分的宠爱孩子受到过分的宠爱, 而而狼狼爸爸方法可以解决这个问题：方法可以解决这个问题：Too many C

32、hinese children are ruined with excessive love and care so Wolf Dad approach is a good solution to this big problem.如今如今, 选美比赛在青少年中越来越普及选美比赛在青少年中越来越普及, 因此你们因此你们班就此开展了一场班就此开展了一场“Should beauty contests be held among teenagers?”的讨论的讨论, 请你根据下面表请你根据下面表格内容写一份总结。格内容写一份总结。一些同学认为一些同学认为另一部分同学认为另一部分同学认为1. 爱美之心

33、是人之常情爱美之心是人之常情2. 提供了展示美和欣赏美提供了展示美和欣赏美的平台的平台3. 提高青少年审美品味提高青少年审美品味, 如如在重要场所应该如何穿衣在重要场所应该如何穿衣1. 着重外貌，麻木追求着重外貌，麻木追求外表美外表美2. 商业化，参与比赛浪商业化，参与比赛浪费时间和金钱费时间和金钱总结：外貌并非成功的关键，应注重内在美总结：外貌并非成功的关键，应注重内在美参考范文参考范文 Recently our class has had a heated discussion about whether beauty contests should be held among teena

34、gers. Some students hold the opinion that love of beauty is part of human nature, so beauty contests not only provide a stage for people to show off their beauty but also a good chance to appreciate beauty. Beauty contests, in their opinion, can help improve teenagers tastes like helping them choose

35、 the right clothes for important occasions. However, other students disagree because they are afraid that most beauty contests focus on contestants appearance, which encourages teenagers to run blindly after appearances. Moreover, many beauty contests are too commercialized and it is a waste of time

36、 and money to take part. Although our classmates opinions vary, we can still safely draw the conclusion that a good face is not the key to success and we should focus more on inner beauty.精华点评精华点评 首先首先, 本文的语言比较丰富和地道本文的语言比较丰富和地道, 如如“人之常情人之常情”可以翻译为可以翻译为human nature, “提供平台提供平台”可以翻译为可以翻译为provide a stage

37、 for sb., “提高品位提高品位”可以翻译为可以翻译为“improve ones taste”, 而而“麻木追求麻木追求”可以翻译为可以翻译为“run blindly after”。因此。因此, 考生在平时的考生在平时的学习中应该多点积累丰富的词汇短语。学习中应该多点积累丰富的词汇短语。 另外另外, 本文的句型也比较丰富本文的句型也比较丰富, 第一句使第一句使用了用了not only.but also.的句型的句型; 第二句第二句把把in their opinion 放在句子中间放在句子中间, 使句子使句子显得更灵活显得更灵活; 第三句用了第三句用了because原因状原因状语从句语从句; 第四句是并列句第四句是并列句; 而最后一句则而最后一句则使用了一个使用了一个Although our classmates opinions vary.“让步状语从句让步状语从句+主句主句”的的复合句句型。复合句句型。