高中英语 Unit 15 warmup & Lesson 4 Understanding课件 北师大版必修5

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1、Lesson 4Understanding一、阅读理解1How did most people learn about things in the 17th century?_DAThey learned things by asking questions.BThey learned things by observing the world around them.CThey were used to thinking and testing.DThey accepted religious belief and what Aristotle had said.2How do most p

2、eople today get answers to things accordingto the writer?_AAThey turn to the Internet.BThey like people in the ancient times get answers to thingsby turning to the religious beliefs.C They fail to get the answers to the questions without thehelp of a computer.D Francis Bacons suggestion for getting

3、answers is notsuitable for todays scientists and thinkers.3 Which of the following statements is TRUE about FrancisBacon?_DA Francis Bacon held an important rank under the rule ofHenry .BWhat Francis Bacon was very interested in was the day today bureaucratic details of the government.CHe preferred

4、to make assumptions about the world based onthe experience of others.D He put forward that asking questions, thinking, observingand testing were the main features for learning.4 Why did people choose to believe in religion and greatpeople like Aristotle?_DABecause they wanted to believe the ancient

5、views.BBecause what the great men said was absolutely true.CBecause they were so ignorant that they chose to believe thechurch.D Because they didnt want to search for their ownunderstanding or educate themselves.5Which of the following images is NOT used to explainhow men like Bacon and Galileo help

6、ed educate people?_AShadows.BKingdoms.CCivilization.DWar and money.C二、概括课文大意(30 词左右)人们通过各种学习活动获得知识和理解。不过在古代，多数人是保守不敢挑战权威的。幸亏有了像培根和伽利略这样的人，我们今天的文明才得以建立起来。【答案】People gain knowledge and understanding through differentactivities of study today.However, in the ancient time most peoplewere too conservativ

7、e to challenge authority ideas.Thanks to peoplelike Bacon and Galileo, modern civilization has been set up.It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge andunderstanding.(P42, Para 1)我们如何获取知识和理解现在似乎显而易见。1acquire vt.获得，得到典例辨析He acquired a good reputation.他获得了好名声。acquire/obtain/gain(1)acquire 指经过不懈努力获

8、得技术、知识等抽象的东西。(2)obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间而得到所需要的东西。(3)gain 指需要做出比 obtain 更大的努力，往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西；另外也可指通过一点一滴的积累而获得某事物的过程。运用用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空(1)He_ a good knowledge of biology.acquired(2)He failed to _ a scholarship.obtain(3)He has _ rich experience in these years.gainedAlthough today we are more accu

9、stomed to typing afew key words into a search engine.(P42, Para 1)虽然今天我们更习惯于在一个搜索引擎里打出几个关键词2be accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事点拨be/get accustomed to (doing) sth. be/get used to(doing) sth.，意为“习惯于(做)某事”。如：He was a person who was accustomed/used to having 5 hourssleep a night.他是那种习惯每晚只睡五个小时的人。运用完成句

10、子 (1)I _ (已经习惯) going to work on foot. (2)You should _ ( 适 应 ) the job as soon aspossible.have been accustomed/used tobe accustomed to3tend to 经常做，倾向于典例People tend to need less sleep as they get older.人上了年纪，往往会睡得更少。运用完成句子tend toWomen _ (往往会) live longer than men.4ignore vt.忽视，不顾典例I tried to tell her

11、 but she ignored me.我打算告诉她，可是她不理我。The church and many people tended to ignore thefacts and were unwilling to challenge what they had alwayscomfortably believed.(P42, Para 2)教会以及很多人倾向于忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。(2)overlook 指由于草率或没有注意到而忽视某事，其后一般接名词或动名词。(3)neglect 指没有给予或很少给予必要的注意或关心，尤指因粗心或遗忘而没有做某事，是非故意行

12、为，后可接名词、不定式或动名词。运用用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空(1)I smiled at her but she just _ me.(2)It is easy to _ a small detail like that.(3)He has _ to reply to the invitation.ignoredoverlookneglected辨析ignore/overlook/neglect(1)ignore 指有意识地拒绝、不愿给予注意或故意不予理会，后面只可接名词、代词或动名词，不可接不定式。At first, people approved of his studies a

13、nd urged himto continue.(P42, Para 3)一开始，人们赞成他的研究，并力劝他继续5approve of 赞成，赞许点拨approve 在此为不及物动词，后接宾语要带介词 of。如：Mother doesnt approve of her idea.母亲不赞成她的想法。拓展approve 还可作及物动词，意为“批准；赞成”。如：The boss approved his plan.老板批准了他的计划。运用完成句子approved of(1)None of my relatives_ ( 赞成 ) mymarriage.has approved(2)The city

14、 council_ (已批准) the new law.6urge vt.力劝，强烈要求n强烈的欲望；迫切的要求典例典例My friends urged that I (should) apply for the job.朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.假期快到了，我很想外出旅行。拓展urge sb.to do sth.怂恿/力劝某人做某事urge that-clause 强烈要求urge sth.on/upon sb.向某人强烈要求某事have an urge to do sth.迫切想做某事运

15、用完成句子(1)She _ (催促我) take a rest.(2)My parents _ ( 力劝 ) I should studyharder.(3)When spring comes, I _ ( 迫切想 ) beoutside.urged me tourged thathave an urge to.more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind,some might say, than all the money in the world.(P43, Para5)一些人可能会说，和全世界所有的金钱相比，(知识和理解)对一个人

16、更重要，对人类更有益。7beneficial adj.有用的，有益的典例One or two glasses of wine a day can be beneficial.每天喝一两杯葡萄酒是有益的。拓展be beneficial to 对有益benefit from 受益于运用完成句子is beneficial to(1)Fresh air _ (有益于) our health.(2)People will _ (受益于)the new invention.benefit from 本课时单词 拓展词汇 构词法小结 acquire vt. 获得，得到 acquisition n 习得；学得

17、 1.-tion 和-cy 为名词 后缀，表示“行为， 性质，状态”。如： civilization 文明； bankruptcy 破产。 2-ous、-sive、-al 和-ent 为形容词后 缀，表示“属于 religion n宗教 religious adj. 宗教的；虔诚的 defence n 保卫，保护 defensive adj. 保护的，保卫的 defenceless adj. 无保护的 unwilling adj. 不情愿的 willing adj.情愿的 的，倾向于的”。 如：anxious expensive 昂贵的； beneficial 有用的， 有益的； differ

18、ent 不同的。 3un-为否定前缀。 如：unnecessary 不 必要的。 4-less 为否定缀。 assumption n 假定，假设 assume vt.假定，假设 urge vt. 力劝，强烈要求 urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫 的 urgency n紧急，紧迫 conventional adj. 传统的，保守的 convention n习俗，惯例担忧的； 如：careless 粗心的。运用用所给单词的适当形式填空1Its _ (urge), come quick!2This is a matter of great _ (urge)3Our parents were ver

19、y _ (religion) and verypatriotic.4A city without guns or water is _ (defence) beforean army.5He devotes his time to the _ (acquire) ofknowledge.6.He is stubborn and _ (willing) to take advice.7.I _ (assumption) that he had gone for a walk.8.“Good morning” is a _ (convention) greeting.urgenturgencyre

20、ligiousdefencelessacquisitionunwillingassumedconventional1 It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge andunderstanding.(P42, Para 1)我们如何获取知识和理解现在似乎显而易见。点拨本句中， It 是形式主语，真正的主语是从句“howwe acquire knowledge and understanding”。在英语中，较长的主语从句可以后置，而用 it 作形式主语。如：It is not clear yet who should be responsible

21、for this matter.谁应该为这件事负责还不清楚。 It is said that the serious earthquake may cause about $200billion in loss in Japan. 据说这次严重的地震可能导致日本损失约 2000 亿美元。运用完成句子 (1)_ ( 必要的) that we should learn English well. (2)_ ( 据报道 ) no passengers were injuredin the accident.It is necessaryIt is/was reported that2 At that

22、 time, people believed more in religion than infacts and people like Galileo Galilei (1564 1642), who provedscientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of theuniverse” ， were often punished by the church with no onecoming to their defense.(P42，Para 2)那时人们更多地相信宗教而不是事实，像伽利略(15641642)这样证明了例如“

23、地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常会受到教会惩罚，没有人来保护他们。点拨本句是由 and 连接的并列复合句。 前一个分句是简单句；后一个分句是主从复合句，其中“people like Galileo Galileiwere often punished by.to their defense” 是 主 句 ， 主 句 中 含 有“with宾语v.-ing”的结构； “who proved .the Earth is notthe centre of the universe”是非限制性定语从句， 修饰 people。拓展with 构成的常见复合结构如下：(1)with名词/代词现在分词He

24、 looks nervous with everyone staring at him.每个人都盯着他，他看上去很紧张。(2)with名词/代词过去分词With her money lost, she was at a loss what to do.她的钱丢了，她茫然无措，不知道该做什么。(3)with名词/代词副词The naughty boy stood there before his teacher with his headdown.这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。(4)with名词/代词不定式With you to help us, we will finish the tas

25、k in time.有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。(5)with名词/代词形容词She walked out in the rain, with her clothes all wet.她走进雨中，衣服全湿了。(6)with名词/代词介词短语He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.他手托着下巴，坐在那儿沉思。运用完成句子(1)The student always listens to the teacher_(睁大双眼)(2)He left his room _ (灯开着)(3)Mary felt shy with the whol

26、e class _ ( 看着她)(4)With the old man _ ( 带路), we are sureto get there on time.(5)The thief sat in the corner, with his hands _ (被绑在椅子上)(6)The teacher entered the classroom with_(手里拿着一本书)with his eyes wide openwith the light onlooking at herto lead the waytied to a chaira book in his hand3 It is not s

27、urprising that people wanted to believe theseancient views as they had been put forward by the greatphilosopher Aristotle.(P42, Para 3)毫不惊奇，人们愿意相信这些古老的观点，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出来的。点拨“It is not surprising that.”是主语从句，意为“是毫不奇怪的”；主语从句中 as 引导原因状语从句。运用完成句子Its not surprising_ (毫不奇怪) that nowadays more and morep

28、eople like surfing the Net, _(因为) the Net helps them getthe information (that) they need as quickly as possible.as我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，他们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，也许永远也不会全懂，如果那样，那将意味着世界上没有问题了。4 We need to thank the great men of the past for thewisdom to know that we dont know it all and probably neverwill, for that woul

29、d mean a world without questions.(P43, Para 2)点拨本句中有两个 for, 第二个 for 引导原因状语从句，其前面部分为主句；主句中的主干部分是“We need to thank thegreat men for the wisdom to know that.”，其中不定式作后置定语修饰 wisdom, that 引导宾语从句。 英语中，for 引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因， 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。 如：He could not have seen me, for I w

30、as not there.他不可能见过我，因为我不在那里。运用完成句子for she is late againShe must get up late, _ (因为她又迟到了)1 1精彩文段采撷It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge andunderstanding.To start with, you need questions.Then, to findanswers, you observe the world around you and study thefacts.After that you consider possibl

31、e answers and test each to findthe right ones.Although today we are more accustomed to typing afew key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet tospit the answer out for us, modern scientists and thinkers are stillsolving the worlds problems with this type of analysisluckily forus.我们如

32、何获取知识和理解现在似乎显而易见。开始时，你需要问题。然后，为了找到答案，你观察自己周围的世界，并且一一加以测试来找出正确的答案。虽然今天我们更习惯于在一个搜索引擎里打出几个关键词，然后等待互联网为我们吐出答案，现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世界的问题这对我们来说很幸运。2解析主题句：It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge andunderstanding.拓展句 1：To start with, you need questions.(说明主题句)拓展句 2：Then, to find answers, you obser

33、ve the world aroundyou and study the facts.(说明主题句)拓展句 3 ：After that you consider possible answers and testeach to find the right ones.(说明主题句)次 要 拓 展 句 ： Although today we are more accustomed totyping a few key words into a search engine and waiting for theInternet to spit the answer out for us, mode

34、rn scientists and thinkersare still solving the worlds problems with this type ofanalysisluckily for us.(进一步说明拓展句)3仿写原作文材料主题句：学生考试作弊的原因。拓展句 1：考试偏多、偏难。拓展句 2：学生学习不用功、懒惰。拓展主题句：学生考试作弊的原因。拓展句 1：考试偏多、偏难，(次要拓展句)想取悦父母、老 师。拓展句 2：学生学习不用功、懒惰，(次要拓展句)考试作弊导致学习上更加懒惰。【参考范文】It is known to us all that there are sever

35、al reasons for studentsto cheat in examinations at school.Firstly, as students, they oftentake examinations at school, but sometimes they have too manyexams which are too hard for them.In order to get better examresults to please their parents and teachers, they take risks to cheatin the exams.Secondly, instead of working hard to achieve their aim,they idle their time away.So when taking exams, they sometimescheat, which leads to their further laziness in study.