初中英语被动语态

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1、Passive Voice 被动语态被动语态永丰学校王金继 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动被动) 汉语中常用汉语中常用“被被”、“给给”、“由由”、“受受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：等词用来表示被动，而英语用：构成

2、。构成。 一一. 何时使用被动语态何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 Paper is made from wood. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时需要强调动作的承受者时 Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3 3. .为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语

3、用被动语 态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. . 什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？主语是动作的执行者就用主动语态主语是动作的执行者就用主动语态主语是动作的承受者就用被动语态主语是动作的承受者就用被动语态We study English at school.Engl

4、ish is studied by us at school.我们用木头做家具。我们用木头做家具。 那只老鼠被猫抓住了那只老鼠被猫抓住了 相机是用来照相的。相机是用来照相的。 Discusion 1: the active voice 主动语态主动语态 & the passive voice被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态by many students.1.Many students study English.English is studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are madeby themin

5、 that factory.by the teacher.Heis asked questions1. 主动语态中的宾语转换为被动语态中的主语主动语态中的宾语转换为被动语态中的主语2. 主动语态中的动词改为被动形式，即主动语态中的动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词过去分词3. 主动语态中的主语如果需要放在主动语态中的主语如果需要放在by后面后面4. 其他成分其他成分 保持不变保持不变 主动变被动解题步骤主动变被动解题步骤1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that fac

6、tory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词过去分词3Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词4.They will finish th

7、e work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词过去分词1.They play basketball in their school.(改为被动语态改为被动语态) Basketball_ _in their school by them.is played2. The naughty boy broke the window. The window _ _ by the naughty boy.3. People speak English all over

8、 the world. English _ _ by people all over the world.Exercise ：was brokenis spokenExercise ：translate the following sentences1. 这些照片是上星期拍的这些照片是上星期拍的 。2. 这本书是鲁迅写的。这本书是鲁迅写的。3. 史密斯一家被邀请参加了派对。史密斯一家被邀请参加了派对。4. 长江也叫扬子江。长江也叫扬子江。These photos were taken last week.This book was written by Lu Xun.The Smiths we

9、re invited to the party.The Changjiang River is also called theYangteze River.被动语态: 我们知道, 被动语态是由be + done(动词的过去分词)构成的被动语态构成比较一般现在时 主 + am / is / are + done 一般过去时主 + was / were + done 含情态动词主 + 情态动词 + be done一般将来时主 + will be + done 现在完成时主 + have/has been + done 过去完成时主 +had been + done 现在进行时主 +am/is/ar

10、e being + done 过去进行时主 + was/were being + done 过去将来时主 + would be + done 说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词 1. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义有些动词用主动形式表被动含义. . The goods sells well. The door cant open. 2.有些词如有些词如want,need,requirewant,need,require和和 be worthbe worth后面后面 v-ingv-ing形式形式 为主动，意义为被动。为主动，意义为被动。 The room needs/wa

11、nts/requires cleaning. The book is worth reading. 3.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使 用形式替代用形式替代 词词it. it. We know that Britain is an island country. Its known that Britain is an island country. 4.主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 感官动词：感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seemseem等等主语是物主语是物时

12、；时； 一些一些vi主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义open, close, shut, read, write, translate, open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell,wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc. 不定式不定式to blame,to let（出租）作表语时，（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义 You are to blame. The house is to let.表（表（sth）需要的）需要的need ,want, require等后的动名词用等后的动名词用 主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义 The house needs /wants/require repairingbe worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义后的动名词主动形式表被动含义 The book is worth reading.