中考定语从句知识总结(全面)(共6页)

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上定语从句考点总结1. 概念修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句教定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后面。用通俗的说法讲就是：用一个句子说明主句中某个名/代词的特征。因此定语从句一定有一个先行词。2. 先行词Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.The coat that I put on the desk is blue.The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.The film which we saw la

2、st night was wonderful.The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 3. 关系词关系词用于引导定语从句，在从句中一个成分。（讲解每个词的含义who/whom/whose/which/that）(1) 关系代词：who/whom/whose/which/that在从句中做主语、宾语、定语含义：that 可以指人也可以指物Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. Which用于指物The building which stands near the tra

3、in station is a supermarket. Which 和 whom 用于指人， who是主语，whom是宾语。The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. That is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to. Whose可以指人也可以指物（指物的时候只表示所有格）表达“的”意思They live in a room whose window opens to the south.The woman whose hair is long is my mother.

4、The book whose cover is green is mine.做主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。All that is needed is a supply of oil. (that 在句中作主语)A plane is a machine that can fly.The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.They planted the trees which didnt need much water.作宾语关系代词在从句中当宾语，口语中可省略。The

5、noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.The fish (which) we bought was not fresh.The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (不可省略)（讲介词宾语，例子见最后） 作定语Whose在定语从句中做定语。Miss Brown is the teacher whose house caught fire last night.This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher.关系代词whose在从句中与它所有修饰的词一起

6、做几次宾语的时候可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。The boss in whose company Mr. Kang worked called at the hospital.that 和which区别That 指物时一般可以与which互换。（例子见真题）只能用that的情况A. 先行词为序数词或形容词最高级Its the first time that I have been here.This is the best book that I have ever read.B. 先行词为不定代词（all anything）That is all that I want to know.Do

7、 you have anything that you want to tell me?C. 先行词由不定代词修饰He mentioned all the books that were laid on the table.D. 先行词有the only, the very, the last修饰It is the very dictionary that I need.This is the only pen that I have.E. 先行词既有人又有物He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.只能用whic

8、h的情况：A. 介词后面This is the factory in which my father works.The tall tree behind which lies a big stone is still there.B. 非限制性定语从句中I have a book, which is very interesting.I was late for school again, which made the teacher angry.(2) 关系副词：when/where/why在句中做状语,充当副词的作用。When指时间，修饰表示时间的先行词，在从句中做时间状语July an

9、d August are the months when the weather is hot. (讲为什么不用which)Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours？Where 指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在从句中做地点状语。After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.I can st

10、ill remember the sitting-room where my mother and I used to sit in the evening.She will go home where she can rest. 这里的home是副词Where引导状语从句。She will go to the house where she can rest.这里的house是名词，where引导的是定语从句。I will go where is hot.(判断这句是不是定语从句)One morning, an elephant was led down the road where the

11、y stood.先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时， 关系词不一定都用when或where。如果关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，就要用关系代词which或that。This is the factory that/which we visited last year.I wont forget the time that we spent in the countryside.Why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中做原因状语。This is the reason why he did so.Do you know the reason why he left early?关系副词&关系代

12、词区别：Where=in which when= in which why=of whichThis is the factory (that /which/when/where) we visited yesterday.This is the factory (that/which/when/where ) Tom was injured.I remembered the day (that/which/when /where) we lived there.I remembered the day (that /which/when/where) I spent there.三种方法总结

13、：A. 看从句中是否缺少主语宾语或者定语三种成分。关系词指的就是先行词，看先行词在从句中做什么成分。如果是状语，那就是“在（先行词）之中”“在（先行词）期间”等意思。B. 先行词往后放，看看挨上挨不上。挨上用which，挨不上用where，whenC. 如果从句中的动作发生在先行词之内，用关系副词；如果从句中的动作的对象是先行词，用关系代词。练习：The factory _ you worked last year is very large.A. which B. that C. when D.whereThat is the year _ my little sister was born

14、.A. Which B. that C.when D. whereThe little girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour.A. Which B. that C. when D.whereWe live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A. Which B. that C. when D. whereBy

15、 16:30 _ was almost closing time; nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. Which B. that C. when D. where4. 非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句&非限制性定语从句My son who studied at Cambridge is in Chengdu at the moment.My son, who studied at Cambridge, is in Chengdu at the moment.限制性：从一个大的范围中限制出一个小的出来起限定说明作用非限制性：起补充说明作用例：My

16、mother who is 86 lives in Beijing. (错误)知识补充介词宾语：放在介词后面（被介词所指）的词。名词：He never goes out at night. 他晚上从不出去。动名词：She is quick at learning languages. 她学语言学得很快。He makes a living by teaching. 他以教书为生。 In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。从句：He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话，他很吃惊。不定式（只有

17、except和but）：It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。副词：I cant stay for long. 我不能久呆。数词：I get up at six. 我6点起床。介词短语：Choose a book from among these. 从这些书中选一本吧。状语从句知识点总结定义：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。就是表示分类中的内容的从句。自己总结：_分类：（九大类）时间 原因 目的 结果 条件 比较 地点 让步 方式位置：If you go to the party

18、, you will have a good time.You will have a good time if you go to the party.引导词：时间：after, before, when, while, until, since, as soon as, no soonerthan, hardlywhen原因: because, as, since, or, now that目的: so that, in order that, in case结果: so(that), so that, such that条件:if, unless, as long as比较: (见比较句

19、) 主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中原级：asas（和一样），not so（as）as （和不一样）；比较级：morethan（更）；最高级：The mostin/of， the + 形容词+estof/in。常用引导词：as（同级比较），than（不同程度的比较）；特殊引导词：the more the more ； no more than；not A so much as B。地点: where, wherever让步:although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whoever方式：as, (just

20、) asso, as if, as though, by, with时间状语从句考点：1. 部分引导词的用法与含义Mother was cooking dinner when I reached home.While the girl was shopping, the UFO landed.As he was reading, he was listening to the radio.After I had done my homework, I went to bed.The Greens has lived here since they came to china.I will wr

21、ite to you as soon as I get to Beijing.I didnt leave until/till she came back. (until后接短暂性动词)2. 状语从句的时态问题（重点）The Greens has lived here since they came to china.（since引导，若从句一般过去时，主句则用现在完成时）I will write to you as soon as I get to Beijing. (主将从现)练习：I will tell him when he came/comes/will come back. I w

22、ont go to bed until I finished/finish/will finish my homework.条件状语从句考点：1. 部分引导词的用法与含义If I am free, I will call you.You will be late for class unless you go right now.2. 时态（主将从现）If you dont hurry up, you will be late.You will be late unless you hurry up.练习：If you dont _(study) harder, you will fail the exam.让步状语从句：Although 与 but不能连用Though I like looking after her, she doesnt let me do it.地点状语从句：Where ever=no matter where专心-专注-专业