中考必备语法副词(共8页)

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考必备语法副词二、考点跟踪解读1.掌握常用副词的用法。2.掌握副词等级的各种句型。3.掌握易混淆的副词用法辨析。特别是应记住频度副词always，often，usually，sometimes，never，时间副词already，yet，still，just，疑问副词how，why，when，where，程度副词enough，quite以及too，also，either等的用法区别。三、要点精讲全解副词是用来表示动作的特征和状态的特征，它可以修饰动词、形容词、句子和其它的副词。在句子中主要作状语。如：This kind of skirt looks nice and

2、 sells well这种衬衫看上去不错，很好卖。 It rained hardPeople could hardly go out雨下的很大，人们几乎不能出去。 （一）副词的构成副词大多数是由形容词加-ly构成的，其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀： 一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。1.一般在形容词的词尾后直接加-ly。如：warmwarmly, quickquickly, nicenicely.2.以“元音e”结尾的：去掉e然后加-ly，如：truetruly3.以“辅音字母y”结尾的,先将y改成i,再加ly。如：happyhappily , busybusi

3、ly, angryangrily, easyeasily. 但单音节词直接加ly。如：shyshyly。4.以“辅音字母le”结尾的，变le为ly。如：ableably, terrible-terribly, gentle-gently但以“元音+le”结尾的加ly。如：solesolely。（二）副词的种类1.时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, then, ago, already, just, early, late, finally等。如：He has already had breakfas

4、t. 他吃过早饭了。What are we going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算干什么？2.地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, somewhere, abroad等。如：It very cold outside .Youd better put on your coat. 外面很冷，你最好穿上袄。I met an old friend of mine on my way home. 我在回家的路上遇见

5、了我的一个老朋友。3.方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly, happily, angrily, badly, loudly, politely, successfully等。如：How hard they are working! 他们工作的多么努力啊！Please listen to the teacher carefully. 请仔细听老师讲。4.程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和

6、副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, a little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, nearly, almost, hardly等。如：She sings quite well. 她唱的很好。I can hardly agree with you. 我几乎不能同意你。5.频度副词说明动作发生的频度，常见的有always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never。如：6.疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, whe

7、n, where, why等。如：Where were you yesterday? 昨天你去哪里了？Why did you arrive late for class yesterday? 昨天你为什么上学迟到了？7.连接副词主要用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式，连接副词主要有when, why, where, how, whether等。如：Tell me when we shall leave.告诉我什么时候离开。I dont know how to find him. 我不知道如何找到他。（三）副词在句子中的位置1. 多数副词可以放在动词后面，如果是及物动词，一般放在宾语之后。如：

8、Dont worry. The boy can do it very well别担心，这个男孩能把它做的很好。 The picture is too small. I cant see it clearly. 图画太小了，我看不清楚。 2. 频度副词always，often，sometimes，usually等通常放在行为动词之前，助动词、be动词或情态动词之后。如： The first class always begins at eight第一节课总是八点开始。 How do you usually go to school？你平时是怎样上学的？ The boy is often late

9、 for class那个男孩经常迟到。 3. enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所修饰的词之后。如： He wasnt careful enough with the knifeHe cut himself. Jack didnt run quickly enough to catch the bus.4. 副词修饰形容词和其它副词时放在被修饰之前。You must study much harder now.你必须现在学习更加努力。This problem is too difficult.这个问题太难了。5. 按一般规则，如果有几个时间状语，单位大的应放在单位小的后面。如：The

10、 film will begin at seven oclock this evening. 电影今晚7点开演。I was born at two oclock on the morning of May15.6. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如：We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon.我们昨天下午在教室开会了。He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。（四）副词比较等级的构成副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规

11、则变化和不规则变化两种情况。1.规则变化单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est; 多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词（early中的-ly不是后缀，应除外），前面须加more 或most. 如：hardharder hardest, fastfaster fastest, latelater latest, early earlier earliestcarefullymore carefullymost carefully,quicklymore quicklymost quickly 2.不规则变化原形比较级 最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmo

12、remostlittle lessleast far fartherfarthest(表示距离)further furthest(表示抽象概念)（五）副词比较等级的用法：1.原级的用法：程度相同两者之间的比较。 肯定句：as+副词原级+as；否定句：not as（so）+副词原级+asHe walks as slowly as you do. 他走路像你一样慢。I cant speak so（as）fast as you. 我没法说得像你这么快。2.比较级的用法：两者不同程度的比较。（1）常用句式是：行为动词+副词的比较级+than。如：I got up earlier than my mot

13、her this morning. 今天早晨，我起得比我妈妈早。She drives more carefully than her husband. 她开车比她丈夫小心。（2）比较级前可用much, a little , a bit, still, even等来修饰。May I keep the book a little longer？我可以借这本书再长一点时间吗？He sings much better than I.他唱得比我好。（3）比较级的其它常用句型： 比较级+and+比较级 “ 越来越” The+比较级，the+比较级 “越，越” The worlds population i

14、s growing faster and faster.世界的人口正增长的越来越快。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多，懂的就越多。（4）比较级的句型转换主要有：比较级比较级（反义词）Li Ming runs faster than my brother.My brother runs more slowly than Li Ming.I get up earlier than you. You get up later than I.比较级 not as+副词的原级+asLi Ming runs faster than my broth

15、er. My brother does not run as fast as Li Ming.（5）最高级的用法 三者或三者以上的比较，用副词最高级，副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the，副词最高级常出现比较范围的短语： of/ among同类，in地点。如：Tom can run（the） fastest in my school.汤姆在我们学校跑得最快。She can dance（the） best of all. 她在所有人中跳舞跳得最好。He laughs best who laughs last. (谚语) 谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。（六）常见副词用法辨析1. already, yeta

16、lready用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”；yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句或否定句句末。如：He had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到你的尺子了吗？I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。注：already还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末。如：Has your son gone to school already？你的儿子已经上学了吗？(表示很惊讶)2. so, such （1）so形容词或副词，s

17、uch名词。如：My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。（2）so形容词a/an可数名词单数，such（a/an）形容词名词。 He is so clever a boy. He is such a clever boy. 他是如此聪明的男孩。It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。They are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。（3）so many/ few+可数名词的复数； so much/littl

18、e +不可数名词。 There are so many people in the park. 在公园里有那么多的人。 There is so much water in the bowl. 碗里水真多.3. also, too, as well, either also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。如:My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My

19、 mother is a teacher as well.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.我爸爸是一名老师，我妈妈也是。I cant speak French. Jenny cant speak French，either.我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。4.sometime，sometimes，some time与some times sometime某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时。sometimes有时，不时的some time一段时间some times几次，几倍Well have a test someti

20、me next month.下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。5. ago, before ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，“一段时间ago”，常与一般过去时连用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，也可单独使用。如：I saw him

21、ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。6. very，much，very much.very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much。如：John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。Thank you very much.非常感谢你7. now，just，just nownow “现在”，常与一般

22、现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用；just“刚刚”，常与在完成时连用；just nowa moment ago“刚才”，过与一般去时连用。Where does he live now？他现在住哪里？We have just seen the film.我们刚看过这场电影。He was here just now.他刚才在这里。8. too, enough(1) too用在形容词或副词的前面，表示“过分，非常”。如：You have watched too much TV. 你电视看的太多。The ice is too thin to skate on. 冰太薄，不能在上面溜冰。（2）enou

23、gh作为副词，放在被修饰的形容词、副词或动词之后。如：Is the ice hard enough to skate on? 这冰硬的足以在上面滑冰吗？Have you talked enough? 你们说够了吗？She is not old enough. 她年龄不够。9. how often, how soon, how long这三个疑问词组都来询问时间，但意义各不相同。how often指动作发生的频率，即每隔多少时间一次，与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是three times a day, every two days, twice a week。how soon指还要多久将

24、发生某个动作或达到某种状态，与一般将来时连用，回答一般是介词in加表示时间段的名词。如：in several months, in two days, in three hours。how long指某个动作或状态持续了多久，与延续性动词的一般时或完成时连用。回答一般是for a long time, for two days/ weeks/ years。如：How often do you take this medicine? 你每隔多久吃一次这种药？Every four hours. 每隔四小时。How soon will Mr. Li come back? 李先生什么时候回来？In a

25、 week. 一周后。How long have you been in Xian? 你在西安呆了多久？For five years. 五年了。四、思维误区警示1.副词的用法【例题解析】1.（厦门）Dont worry, sir. Im sure I can turn _ to catch up with them. A. fast enough B. enough fast C. slowly enough D. enough slowly答案：A。此题考查了副词enough在句中的位置。enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时要放在所修饰的词之后，先可排除选项B和D；由“先生，别着急”推出题干

26、下文意思为“我确信我能跑得足够快且追上他们”，所缺词意为“够快地”，用fast enough。2. （哈尔滨） Please read every sentence _. The more _ you are, the fewer mistakes youll make. A. carefully; carefully B. careful; careful C. carefully; careful 答案：C。本题考查形容词careful 和副词carefully的用法。修饰行为动词read用副词，用作表语用形容词。3. （威海）What do you think of Zhou Jielu

27、n?Oh, he is my favorite singer. I think no one can sing _.A. good B. well C. better D. best答案：C。题干意思为“你认为周杰伦怎样？”，“噢，他是我最喜欢的歌手。我想没有人能（比他）唱的更好了”，所缺词的意思为“（比他唱得）更好地”，题干省略了than和被比较的对象，用副词well的比较级形式。【易错知识点解析】分清形容词和副词的区别，副词在句子中用来作状语，用来修饰行为动词，形容词或副词，而形容词主要在句中作表语或定语。2.副词等级的各种句型。【例题解析】1. (无锡) This morning Jac

28、k came to school _ than _ student in his class. A. much late; any B. much late; any other C. much later; any D. much later; any other 答案：D。出现than用比较级。much可用来修饰形容词的比较级，any other后接可数名词的单数形式。2. (成都)Alice ran _ Lucy, so she got to the end _. A. as fast as; earlier B. faster than; earlier C. faster than;

29、 the earliest 答案：B。两者比较用比较级，根据句意，Alice跑的比Lucy快，所以到达终点早一些。3. (长沙)Who runs _, Tom or Jim? A. fast B. faster C. fastest答案：B。出现“特殊疑问句，A or B？”实际是两者之间比较，用比较级。【易错知识点解析】副词的比较等级考查一般有下面三点：（1）比较级和最高级的构成形式，一般词尾加-er或-est，部分双音节和多音节词前加more和most，某些单词的不规则变形要特殊记。（2）几种句式。甲乙若是一个样，用asas上，甲不如乙加not；两者相比用than连接；三者或三者以上比较用

30、最高级，并和in或of连用。（3）含有介词短语.of the two时，要用比较级，且比较级前要加the；表示“越来越”时，要用“比较级+and +比较级”形式，若比较级是“more+原级”构成的，需用“more and more+原级形式”； 表示“越，就越” 时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”形式；副词的最高级前可以不加the，；可以修饰原级或比较级的修饰语；比较级和最高级间的互变形式。3.副词辨析【例题解析】1.（淮阴）There was _snow last night, and it is_cold now.A. too many; much too B, much too;

31、too many C. too much; much too D. much too; too much答案：C。本题考查much too的用法。much too意为“很，非常,过于”，常用于形容词或副词之前；too much意为“太，很”，常用来修饰不可数名词或位于不及物动词之后来修饰动词。snow是不可数名词，应用too much来修饰，而cold为形容词，应该用much too 修饰。2. （海南）Its seven oclock in the afternoon, but they are _ having a meeting. A. already B. still C. yet D

32、. ever答案：B。此题考查副词already，still，yet和ever的区别。already用于肯定句，表示“已经”，用于疑问句或否定句常有惊讶的意味；still可放在动词前或后，表示动作或状态的持续，yet意思为“仍然”，用于比较级前，表示程度；yet用于否定句作“还”讲，用于疑问句作“已经”讲，用于比较级前，表示程度；ever用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句，意为“在任何时候，曾经”，用于肯定句，意为“常常”。由题干前半句“已经是下午七点了”和转折连词but可推出后半句意思为“但他们仍然(still)在开会”。3. Peter was _ tired that he couldnt

33、 continue running. （2006 成都） A. very B. too C. so答案：C。so 和that是个常见的词组，副词so修饰形容词。【易错知识点解析】记住几组副词的用法辨析，是解决此类题的关键。首先要根据上下文，判断用合适的词，特别是记住频度副词在句中的位置。always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never等副词一般要要放在行为动词之前，系动词之后。【中考演练】I. 单项选择。1. It is _ to work out this problem. You neednt go to the teacher.

34、A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily 2. If you dont want to go swimming, I wont, _. A. too B. also C. either D. neither 3.This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me _, Wang lin? Sure. A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to w

35、ork out it 4.He thinks _ of others than of himself. Thats why everyone likes to make friends with him. A. more B. less C. much D. little 5. Does Lin Hua ever guess the meanings of English words? He _ guesses the meanings of new words. He uses his dictionary all the time. A. usually B. always C. neve

36、r D. sometimes II.根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式完成句子。1.Who jumps _ (far) in your class，Zhang Ming?2. In the high jump. Wang Hai did _ (bad) of all. 3. Mike and I started to learn painting at the same time, but now he can paint much_(good) than I. 4. The boss left his office _(angry)without saying a word.5. The g

37、irls are singing _(happy) under the hall tree.6. Though it was raining _ (hard), the policeman was still standing at the crossing. 7. Its _ (danger) to stand outside, for the wind is blowing _ (strong).8. He did the work as _ (careful)as most of us.9. Li Lei and Lin Tao are working much _ (hard) tha

38、n before to improve themselves.10. English is _ (wide)used in the world.III.按照要求进行句型转换，每空一词。1. She runs fastest in her class.（改为同义句） She runs faster than _ _ student in her class. 2. She works so hard that she can catch up with others. （改为同义句） She works _ _to catch up with others. 3. My brother goes

39、 bike riding once a week. （对划线部分提问） does your brother go bike riding?4. It took me half an hour to do my homework last night. （对划线部分提问） _ _did it take you to do your homework?5. He has already had dinner. （改为否定句） He _had dinner_. IV. 根据汉语，完成英语句子。1.每个人工作越努力，我们的国家就越强大。_ _everyone works, _ _ our countr

40、y will be. 2. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。I study English _ _ _ my brother. 3.我相信他跑的够快，能赶上我们。 Im sure I can run _ _ to catch up with us. 4. 你打得不好，他打得更差，我打得最差。 You played _, he played _ and I played _.5. 他说英语不如他姐姐说得好。 He cant speak English _ _ _ his sister.第八章 副词I. 15CCCACII. 1. farthest 2.worst 3. better 4. angrily 5. happily 6. hard 7. dangerous, strongly 8. carefully 9. harder 10. widely III. 1. any other 2. hard enough 3. How often 4. How long 5. hasnt yet IV. 1. The harder, the stronger 2. as hard as 3.fast enough 4. badly, worse, worst 5. as well as 专心-专注-专业