2013年北京大学考博英语真题及答案(共8页)

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案Part Two: Structure and Written Expression20Directions: In each question decide which of four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET.21.The nuclear family _ a self-contained, self-sati

2、sfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A. refers toB. definesC. describesD. devotes to22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are_ by social isolation and loneliness.A. reproachedB. favoredC. plaguedD. reprehended23.In addition to

3、bettering group and individual performance, cooperation _ the quality of interpersonal relationship.A. ascendsB. compelsC. enhancesD. prefers24.In the past 50 years, there _ a great increase in the amount of research _on the human brain.A. wasdidB. has beento be doneC. wasdoingD. has beendone25.“I m

4、ust have eaten something wrong. I feel like _ .” “We told you not to eat at a restaurant. Youd better _ at home when you are not in the shape.”A. to throw upto eatB. throwing upeatingC. to throw upeatD. throwing upeat 26. Parent shave to show due concerns to their childrens creativity and emotional

5、output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably _ their enthusiasm and aspirations.A. hold backB. hold toC. hold downD. hold over27. According to psychoanalysis, a persons attention is attracted _ by the intensity of different signals _ by their context, significance, and inf

6、ormation content.A. not less thanasB. asjust asC. so muchasD. not so muchas28.They moved to Portland in1998 and lived in a big house, _ to the south.A. the windows of which openedB. the windows of it opened C. its windows openedD. the windows of which opening29.The lady who has_ for a night in the d

7、ead of the winter later turned out to be a distant relation of his.A. put him upB. put him outC. put him onD. put him in 30.By standers,_,_ as they walked past lines of ambulances.A. bloody and covered with dust, looking dazedB. bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazedC. bloody and covered with

8、dust, looked dazedD. bloodied and covered with dust, looking dazed31. Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US_ closed for an apparent security review.A. ConsulationB. ConstitutionC. ConsulateD. Consular32. American fans have selected Yao in a vote

9、for the All-Star game _the legendary ONeal, who _ the “Great Wall” at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers.A. in head of, ran onB. in head of, ran intoC. ahead of, ran ontoD. ahead of, ran into33. Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in o

10、ther formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in _ computers.A. abstractB. obsoleteC. obstinateD. obese34. She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house. “I actually think theres something about the_ of paper that feels more comforting.” She said.A. tangib

11、ilityB. tanglednessC. tangentD. tantalization35.“They said what we always knew,” said an administration source,_.A. he asked not to be namedB. who asked not to be namedC. who asked not be namedD. who asked not named36.In Germany, the industrial giants Daimler Chrysler and Siemens recently_ their uni

12、ons into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.A. muscledB. movedC. mushedD. muted37. He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness, and has left the country_.A. energizedB. EnervatedC. NervedD. enacted38. The more people hear his demented rants, the more

13、they see that he is a terrorist_.A. who is pure and simpleB. being pure and simpleC. pure and simpleD. as pure and simple39. This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and to a rapid and terrible _ in the character of the population.A. determinationB. deteriorationC.

14、desolationD. desperation 40._ a declining birthrate, there will be an over-supply of 27,000 primary school places by 2010, _ leaving 35 school sidle.B. Coupling with, equivalent toC. Coupled with, equivalent toD. Coupling with, equals to Part Three: Reading Comprehension10Passage OneThe HeroMy mothe

15、rs parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany. Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in German. Every morning, before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper,

16、which was American owned and published in New York.My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his only son had to go, it wou

17、ld be cousin fighting against cousin. In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an Amer

18、ican newspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.One day, the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very upset,

19、 but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a

20、loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a s

21、mall American flag, cheering the boys, as they left.The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had had any training, but who had never the less all been issued uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which

22、 it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their flags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station.It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt. The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in

23、 wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station. It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted, “Its the armistice. The war is over.” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men l

24、ined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read

25、 until the day he died.41. Where was the narrators family when this story took place?A. In Germany.B. In Hungary.C. In the United StatesD. In New York.42.His grandfather _.A. could not speak and read English well enoughB. knew nine languages equally wellC. knew a number of languages, but felt more k

26、in to GermanD. loved German best because it made him think of home43. His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because _.A. it was war time and Germans were their enemyB. the neighbors would mistake them as pro-GermanC. it was easier to get newspapers in English

27、 in AmericaD. nobody else read newspapers in German during the wartime44. The narrators mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war, because_.A. like everybody else at the wartime, she was very patrioticB. she hated the war and the Germans very muchC. all her friends had relatives in war and

28、 she wanted to be like themD. she liked to have a brother she could think of as a heroPassage Two Waking Up from the American Dreams There has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of “Wal-Martization” of America, which refers to the attempt of Americas giant Wal-Mart chain store company to k

29、eep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs, such as hiring temps (temporary workers) and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and

30、 abroad.While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices, theyre costly in other ways. More than a quarter of the labor force, about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs. Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities,

31、too, as companies shift work to subcontract or sand temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India. The result has been an erosion of one of Americas most cherished value: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their life times. Historically, most Americans,

32、even low-skilled ones, were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middleclass as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in 1970s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s a

33、s globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decried schools in adequacy for years, but fixing them is a long, arduous struggle. Similarly, there have been plenty of warnings about

34、 declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.45. The American dream in this passage mainly refers to_.A. there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the societyB. Americans can always move up the pay ladderC. American young

35、people can have access to college, even they are poorD. the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs46. Wal-Mart strategy, according to this passage, is to_.A. hire temps and part-timers to reduce its costB. outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home and abroadC. hold do

36、wn its consumer price by controlling its labor costsD. dismantle the career ladder and stop peoples mobility upward47. Which of the following statements is NOTTRUE?A. Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.B. Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impo

37、ssible in the U.S.C. More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India.D. Although people know how to restore American mobility, its difficult to change the present situation.Passage Three Seniors and the CityTens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban

38、 areas and fashioningtheir own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city. They are looking for what most older people want: a home with no stairs and low crime rates. And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of g

39、ood restaurants. Spying an opportunity, major real-estate developer shave broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburban retirees. These seniors are already changing the face of big cities. One developer, Fran Mc Carthy asks: “Who ever thought that suburban flight would be roundtri

40、p?” The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream. While some cities, especially those with few cultural offerings, have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets. Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to-75-year-olds in

41、 downtown Chicago rose 17 percent. Austin, New Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well. There may be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging- social isolation. In the next six years, dow

42、ntowns are expected to grow even grayer. For affluent retirees, city life is an increasingly popular option.48. Retired seniors are moving back into the city because_.A. they find there are too many crimes in the suburbsB. unlike the flats in the city, their country house have stairs to climbC. they

43、 are no longer interested in playing golfD. in the city, they have more social and cultural life against loneliness49. From the passage we can infer that_.A. the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of construction with senior retireesB. a life in the downtown city is expensiv

44、e, and most of those retirees who moved back into the city are very well-offC. with more older people living in the city, the city will become gray and less beautifulD. very soon the American suburban areas will face their low population crisis50. Fran Mc Carthys question means: nobody ever thought

45、that_.A. people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move backB. suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take roundtripC. suburban flight years ago would go in circlesD. senior peoples moving back into the city would take place all over the United StatesDirections: Read the

46、following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWERSHEET(2)15(51) Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says.There searchers gathered data on more than 2,400 acciden

47、t victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patients emotional state just before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results with a control group

48、 of uninjured people.(52)Despite widespread belief in “road rage,” anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.(53)Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic

49、 accidents also showed strong associations with anger.(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.(55)Why anger correlates with injury is no

50、t known. “I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,” said the studys lead author. Part Four: Cloze Test10Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each num

51、bered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWERSHEET (2).Last year French drivers killed(56)_ than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely(57)_ the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nations high ways since 2003, w

52、hich experts reckon(58)_ 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans to install 500(59)_radar devices this year.So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses(60)_ the seeds of an

53、Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last years London bombing, in which video cameras(61)_a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spuraseachange. A month(62)_ the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet provider

54、s and telecoms to store all e-mail, Internet and phone data for “anti-terror”(63)_.In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were(64)_ to give up some civil liberty to improve(65)_.Part Five: Proof reading 10Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in

55、each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash(/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you

56、delete a word, cross it out with a slash(/). Put your answer on ANSWERSHEET(2).Examples:eg.1(66)The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(66) begunbeganeg.2(67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the ANS

57、WERSHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely) had (they)eg.3(68)Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(68)not(66)Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country.(67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and stand

58、ardized test scores.(68)But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once a major component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that informat

59、ion, concluding it could harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.(70)Canny college officials,in turn, have found a tactical way to response.(71) Using broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class, they essentially rec

60、reate an applicants class rank.(72)The process has left them exasperating.(73)“If were looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school, with a rank we dont necessarily know that,” said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore C

61、ollege.(74)Admissions directors say strategy can backfire.When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores o

62、n the SAT and other standardized exams. Part Six: Writing15Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. Write it neatly on ANSWERSHEET(2).Recently, a newspaper carried an article entitled: “We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in

63、 National Politics”. The article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the Peoples Congress or the Peoples Political Consultative Conference, and they should not be forced to do so. What do you think?56. fewer 57. to 58. saved 59. more 60. as 61. played 62. after 63. purposes 64. ready/ willing 65. security北京大学2006年博士入学考试试题答案Listening0.5each)1-5BCAAD6-10BADCA11-15CBADA16-20BDCBC1:immuneC11:insufficientC2:rangeC12:accidentsC3:quarterC13:wheelC4:uninterruptedC14:shiftC5:tossingC15:riskC6:destined