高二英语 第一单元虚拟语气课件选修6

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1、The Subjunctive MoodThe Subjunctive MoodI. 概念概念: 语气是用来表示谈话人的态度和看法的语气是用来表示谈话人的态度和看法的动动词形式词形式. 英语有三种语气英语有三种语气: 陈述语气陈述语气(同陈述句同陈述句) 祈使语气祈使语气(同祈使句同祈使句), 虚拟语气虚拟语气. 虚拟语气不表示一个事实虚拟语气不表示一个事实,而是表示一种假而是表示一种假设情况设情况. (愿望愿望，建议，建议，假设，假设)1). 与现在情况相反的假设与现在情况相反的假设 If everyone knew first aid, many lives would be saved.

2、 (If) did, would do ( should / could / might ) If I_(be) you,I would go to the cinema tonight. If you saw the film,you _ ( be) very excited. If they_ (come) ,we could go there together. If we _ ( go ) together,we would have a good time. If I _ (have ) enough money, I could buy a new house. were woul

3、d becamewenthad 2). 与过去情况相反的假设与过去情况相反的假设1) If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, there would have been more deaths.2) If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam.(If) had done, would have done ( should / could / might )If you _ ( come ) earlier, you wouldnt have been late.If

4、 I had taken money with me yesterday, I _(repair ) my watch.If I _ (repair ) my watch, I would have got up early.If I_ (get up ) early, I wouldnt have been late.had comewould have repairedhad repairedhad got up3). 与将来情与将来情 况相反的假设：况相反的假设：If you should come tomorrow, I would go fishing with you.If you

5、 were to come tomorrow, If you came tomorrow, should do,(If) were to do, would do(should / could / might) didIf it should rain tomorrow, I _ ( stay ) at home.If I were to stay at home, I _ ( have ) a good rest.If I _ a good rest, I could put my heart into study next week.would staywould haveshould h

6、ave / were to have / had时时 间间 If If 条件从句条件从句主主 句句与现在事与现在事实相反实相反 与过去事与过去事实相反实相反与将来事与将来事实相反实相反1. 用于用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句中中:did/werewould/should/could/might +dohad donewould/should/could/might+ have done1.should do2.were to do3.did / werewould/should/could/might +do4)错综时间条件句：错综时间条件句：主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其主句和从句

7、的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定动词形式要根据时间而定If I had studied harder , I would not teach here now.如果他如果他当时当时听了我的话，听了我的话，现在现在就不会遇到麻烦就不会遇到麻烦If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now.5)含蓄条件句：不是用条件句，而是由含蓄条件句：不是用条件句，而是由 介词短语介词短语(without, but for 要不是要不是), otherwise(否则）或上否则）或上下文来表示某种假设下文来表示某种假设

8、But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded. Without your help, I wouldnt have passed the exam.She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.1.He _ (tell) you if he _ (know), Im sure.2. If I _ (have) more time, I _ (learn) another foreign language.3.I _ (ask) him

9、 to ring you up if I _ (see) him.4.If I _ (receive) your e-mail, I _ _ (answer) it long ago.5.If I _ (know) your address, I _ _(write) to you then.Practice:Fill in the blanks with proper forms:would tellknewhadwould learnwould asksaw / should see / were to seehad knownwouldhave writtenhad receivedwo

10、uldhave answered1) 用于宾语从句中用于宾语从句中:2. 用于名词性从句中用于名词性从句中:(1)在在insist, order, command, advise, propose, suggest demand, desire, request, require后用后用should + 动词原形动词原形, should可省略可省略: He suggested we (should) start off early the next day. We insisted they not be present at such meeting. He ordered that all

11、 (should) take part in the work. They requested that we (should) have lunch with them.（一坚持二命令三建议四要求）（一坚持二命令三建议四要求）但是但是: 当当suggest表示表示“暗示暗示,表明表明” insist表示表示“坚坚 持认持认为为”时时,不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气:(2)在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句1)与现在事实相反，从句的谓动词用过去式与现在事实相反，从句的谓动词用过去式2)和过去事实相反，用和过去事实相反，用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：句

12、子结构为：had done3)表示将来的主观愿望，用表示将来的主观愿望，用would/could/might+动原形动原形How I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky! I wish I had not made so many mistakes in the last exam.(3)在在would rather后的宾语从句后的宾语从句表示表示宁愿做什么宁愿做什么”或或对过去做的事的懊悔。对过去做的事的懊悔。 1)表示与现在或将来事实相反用表示与现在或将来事实相反用did I would rather you paid me

13、 now. 2)表示与过去事实相反用表示与过去事实相反用had done I would rather you had gone, too.) ) 用于主语从句中用于主语从句中: :(1)用在用在 It is suggested / requested / demanded ordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted + that 从句中从句中, 从句用从句用 (should) + 动词原形动词原形: Its suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. It was ord

14、ered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once.(2)用在用在 It is necessary / important / strange / natural / surprising / essential /shocking / sad / a pity / a shame / no wonder / + that 从句中从句中, 从从句用句用 (should) + 动动 词原形词原形 : eg: It is necessary that the customs of all national min

15、orities be respected. It is strange that he should have said so. Its a pity that I should do it again.It is not surprising that Alfred should have married Amy. 但但(2)部分也可不用虚拟语气部分也可不用虚拟语气: eg: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.3) 用于表语从句中用于表语从句中:(

16、1) 在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的表语从句中等后面的表语从句中: My advice is that he wait till next week. Her suggestion is that we (should) learn all the texts by heart. The generals order was that all the soldiers reach the border in ten hours. (2) 当当as if, as though 引导表语从句时引导表语从句时:e

17、g. He looks as if he were an artist. They appear as though they had been friends for years. 4) 用于同位语从句中用于同位语从句中: 在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的同位语从句中等后面的同位语从句中, 如如:We all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing. Order came that the soldiers b

18、e sent to the border. Here is the doctors advice that you should take the medicine 4 times a day.3. 用于定语从句中用于定语从句中: 在在It is (high) time that 句型中句型中, 定语从句定语从句的谓语动词用过去时的谓语动词用过去时, 或或should + 动词原形动词原形(should不能省略不能省略): It is (high) time that you went to school. Its time you did something about it. It is

19、(high) time that we should start out.4. 用于其它状语语从句中用于其它状语语从句中:1)当当as if, as though, even if, even though 引导引导 状语从句时状语从句时,从句用动词的从句用动词的过去式过去式或或过去完成时过去完成时. She spoke English so well as if she had studied English in America. Even if he were here, he couldnt solve the problem. 注意：注意：Even if I have to walk

20、 all the way, Ill get there. 2) 当当in case, lest(以免）以免）, for fear that等引导状等引导状语从句时语从句时, 从句用从句用(should +) 原形动词原形动词. 如如 :Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. I shall ring you up lest you (should) forget to come. I took an umbrella along with me for fear that it should/might rain. 在此类情况中在此类情况中, in

21、 case引导状语从句也可不引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气用虚拟语气, 如如: Take your umbrella, in case it rains. 5. 用于用于 if only (要是要是多好多好)引导的感叹句中引导的感叹句中, 如如: If only I were a bird! If only I had known her telephone number ! If only I hadnt lost the book! If only the letter had arrived on time! 6. May + 动词原形，表示祝愿动词原形，表示祝愿.如如: May the

22、friendship between our two countries last forever! May you succeed! May the plan work!1. 虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。1、陈述语气与虚拟语气、陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题典型例题1) The volleyball

23、match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained2) - Would you have called her up _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. had it been wasB. if it was were C. if it had been had beenD. if it were would beBA高考题点击高考题点击1) You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, y

24、ou _ so tired. （96 N） A. drovedidnt getB. had drivenwouldnt have got C. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get 2) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(02 上海) A. wouldnt have fallenB. had not fa

25、llen C. should fallD. were to fallBB 3、条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况、条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况1)虚拟倒装句虚拟倒装句What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? (01 上海)A.Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther2) 错综时间条件句错综时间条件句If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do n

26、ow. A.asked would knowB. had asked would have knownC. asked him knowD. had asked would knowCD4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。考题点击：考题点击：1. The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished

27、 B. be finished C. should finish D. finish2. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must haveB. hadC. haveD. had hadBCB、主语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：基本句型：a. It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (

28、should) do b. It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative c. It is a pity, a shame, no wonder 考题点击：考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had t

29、old D. has toldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 考题点击：考题点击：1. His suggestion

30、is that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can tryA5. 虚拟语气在其它情况下的使用虚拟语气在其它情况下的使用 1) wish 后的虚拟语气：后的虚拟语气：高考题点击：高考题点击：How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海) A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had2) as if 从句：从句：高考题点击：高考题点击： When a pencil is pa

31、rtly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (95 N) A. breaksB. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenBC3) Its time 从句：从句： It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. 类似的结构为 woul

32、d rather 从句： I would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon.考题点击：考题点击：1. - Do you mind if I leave the window open? - Well, Id rather you _ . A. dontB. didntC. wontD. mustnt2. Its half past eleven. Its high time _ home. A. wellB. wedC. were going D. we wentBD高考实战高考实战: :1. - If he _, he _ that

33、 food. (NMET 93) - Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (NMET 96) A. break

34、s B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken3. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. (NMET96) A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got4. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. (NM

35、ET 98) A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed5. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden. (NMET Shanghai 2002) A. has B. had C. will have D. had hadII. 形式形式: 虚拟语气的动词形式在条件状语从句中虚拟语气的动词形式在条件状语从句中, 其其 主从句形式有较固定的形式要求主从句形式有较固定的形式要求,在在 名词性从句名词性从句中多用中多用sh

36、ould +原形原形, 在在定语从句定语从句, wish后面所接的后面所接的宾语从句宾语从句, 以及其它以及其它状语从句状语从句 中用中用过去时过去时.Practice:I. Fill in the blanks with proper forms:1. He _ (tell) you if he _ (know), Im sure.2. If I _ (have) more time, I _ (learn) another foreign language.3. If he _ (be) here, he _ (show) us how to perform the experiment.

37、4. If I _ (be) you, I _ (pay) more attention to English idioms.5. I _ (help) you if I _ (can).6. If I _ (receive) your e-mail, I _ _ (answer) it long ago.would tellknewhadwould learnwerewerecouldwould showwould paywould helphad receivedwouldhave answered7. If you _ (start) the work earlier, you _ (f

38、inish) it by now.8. If we _ (not rely) on our own streng-th we _ (die) of starvation.9. If I _ (know) your address, I _ _(write) to you then.10. If I _ (not be) busy, I _ (come) to help.11. If we _ (start) out five minutes later, we _ (miss) the train.12. You _ (meet) the famous scientist if you _ (

39、come) yesterday.had startedwould have finishedhadnt reliedwould have diedhad knownhadnt beenwould have missedwouldwould have comehad startedhad comewould have methave written13. If I _ (tell) him, he _ (be) greatly surprised.14. If I _ (do) it, I _ probably _ (do) it in the same way.15. If he _ (be)

40、 here tomorrow, you _ (ask) him about it yourself.16. We _ (be) very pleased if you _ _ (attend) the gathering tonight.17. I _ (ask) him to ring you up if I _ (see) him.18. If you _ (can get) back next week, we _ (go) camping together.were to tellwould bewouldwere / should bewerewould askcould askwo

41、uld beto attendsaw / should see / were to seecould getwould gowere to dodo5) 比较比较if only与与only if only if 表示“只有”；if only 则表示“如果就好了”。 If only 也可用于陈述语气。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。 3)含蓄条件句含蓄条件句：不是用条件句

42、，而是由：不是用条件句，而是由 介词短语介词短语(without, but for), otherwise(否则）或上下文来表示某种假否则）或上下文来表示某种假设设 But for /without your help, we couldnt have succeeded. They wouldnt have reached the agreement so easily without that common ground.Suppose there were no gravitational force, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.高考题点击：高考题点击： Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me. (N 97) A. mustnt have arrivedB. shouldnt have arrived C. couldnt have arrivedD. neednt have arrivedC