医学复习资料：儿科名解整理-

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1、名词解释：Hypotonic dehydration 45Hypotonic dehydration is usually due to a combination of sodium and water loss and water retention to compensate for the volume depletion, with a sodium concentration less than 130mmol/L.Isotonic dehydration 45Isotonic dehydrationis usually due to a combination of sodium

2、 and water loss with the normal proportion, the fluid lost is mainly composed of extracellular fluid, with a sodium concentration between 130mmol/L and 150mmol/L.Underweight 86 body weight be lower than normal mean weight-for-age minus two standard deviations, the same sex (moderate: mean -3SD body

3、weight mean -2SD, severe: body weight mean -3SD). This index indicate that the child has acute or chronic malnutrition.Stunting 86height be lower than normal mean height-for-age minus two standard deviations, the same sex (moderate: mean -3SD height mean -2SD, severe: height mean -3SD). This index i

4、ndicate that the child has chronic malnutrition.Wasting 86 body weight be lower than normal mean weight-for-height minus two standard deviations, the same sex (moderate: mean -3SD body weight mean -2SD, severe: body weight 20sec) accompanied by heart rate 13-15mg/dl (term13, preterm15) or Bili incre

5、ase5mg/dl/day3. Increased conjugated Bili. 2mg/dl 4. Last longer , 2 weeks in term or 4 weeks in preterm 5. Bili. Increase progressively or Jaundice reappear after disappearing just one of the above five can make the diagnosis of pathological jaundice.Physiological Jaundice 138 1. Appear after 1st d

6、ay 2. level of Bili.13-15mg/dl (term13, preterm15) and Bili increase50mg/kg/24h) （1分）, hypoalbuminemia(5.72mmol/L) （1分）edema（1分）.Extramedullary hematopoiesis 373When hematopoietic demand increases after birth, especially in the infant period, the liver, spleen and lymph nodes come back to the status

7、 to produce blood cells, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenectasis appears, and there are immature erythrocytes and granulocytes in circulating blood. It is the specific phenomena only appearing in infant and toddler. It will recover to normal when infection and anemia are cured.Physiological

8、hemolysis 373Normal newborns have higher hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and A shortened survival of the fetal RBCs contributes to the development of physiologic anemia.Physiological anemia 373In infants 2-3 months after birth, the RBC decrease to 31012 /L and the Hb decrease to 110 g/L as a result

9、 of the decreased level of EPO, the increase of circulation volume and the physiological hemolysis. The process is self- limited. It usually has no clinical manifestations and will recover within 6 months.Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone(SIADH) 425in bacterial meningitis,w

10、hen hypothalamus or posterior pituitary gland is involved, ADH secretion abnormal, resulting in hyponatremia, hyposmolality and aggravating brain edema, conscious disturbance and convulsion.Down syndrome is the most frequent genetic cause of mental retardation and congenital anomalies , It is a chro

11、mosomal disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome .Hypothyroidism results from deficient production of thyroid hormone or a defect in thyroid hormonal receptor activity. Classification: Congenital hypothyroidism (Cretinism) ,acquired hypothyroidismPKU usually is caused by a defective gene for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Children with this condition tend to be fair haired and blue eyed, mental retardation, sweat and urine of an affected child has a musty odour.