高中英语过去分词作表语和定语新人教必修

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1、会计学1高中英语过去分词作表语和定语新人教高中英语过去分词作表语和定语新人教必修必修过去分词的否定形式：not done思考：_ in the country, he found everything in the countryside interesting.A. Not bringing up B. Not brought upC. Being not brought up D. Having not brought up第1页/共38页写出下列动词的过去分词:clean- stay-update- study- come- find- comefoundcleanedupdatedst

2、udied规则:1.规则动词:a.一般情况加-ed b.以e结尾加-d c.辅音+ y,把变i,再加-ed2. 不规则动词: P195-197stayed第2页/共38页过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别：1. 过去分词done表示被动和完成；2. 现在分词的主动式doing表示主动的、正在进行的动作；3. 现在分词的被动式being done表示被动的、正在进行的动作；4. 不定式的主动式to do表示一个将要发生的主动动作(有时也可表被动)；5. 不定式的被动式to be done则表示一个将要发生的被动动作 第3页/共38页过去分词作表语 She looked worried.I am

3、 interested in the book.Your idea seems good.He was lost in thought.The door remained locked.第4页/共38页第5页/共38页思考：什么是连系动词？1、be 动词2、表示变化的动词:become, get, turn, go, grow等3、感官动词:look, feel, smell, taste, sound等4、还有seem, appear, stay, keep, remain, turn out等第6页/共38页有的已成为固定搭配 ：be covered with be lost in tho

4、ughtbe caught in the rain be separated frombe interested in被覆盖陷入沉思被雨淋从分离对感兴趣第7页/共38页3.作表语例3 NMET1998第23题Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.第8页/共38页1

5、. As we joined the big crowd , I got _ from my friends.( NMET 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _ by the hour . ( NMET 98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 第9页/共38页过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别作表语时表示主语的特征和所处的状态；被动语态表示一个动作。The glass is broken .The glass was br

6、oken by my sister.The novel is well-written .The novel is written by Lu Xun.第10页/共38页一、作定语 动词的过去分词作定语时表示动作的被动和完成，单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，而过去分词短语则要位于名词之后。过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般

7、由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。第11页/共38页第12页/共38页EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITEXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOODEXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLENADDICTED INTERESTE

8、D IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOODEXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLENADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOODEXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLENADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOODEXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DR

9、EAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLENADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOODpleased boreddisappointedsatisfiedscaredannoyed第13页/共38页What do “Attribute” and “Predictive” mean? Can you give us some examples?I.过去分词作定语Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest.A letter posted today will

10、 reach him the day after.So, 过去分词（短语）作定语， 与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的_关系，且表示该动作_。单个的过去分词作定语，通常置于被修饰词的_，而_作定语，则需置于被修饰词之后。被动已经完成前面分词短语第14页/共38页个别过去分词做前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。 Can you work out the meanings of these phrases?in the given time with the words givena wanted person waitresses wanteda concerned look the people c

11、oncerned注意：过去分词、现在分词的被动语态和动词不定式的被动语态作定语意义的不同。Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates.The shopping centre being built was designed by Mr. Wang.The building to be finished next year will be our new theatre.在既定的时间内 用所给的单词 被通缉的人 招聘女服务员 关切的表情 有关人士 第15页/共38页过去分词作定语，表示分词的动作_, 现在分词的被动语态作

12、定语，表示分词的被动动作_，动词不定式的被动语态作定语，表示动词不定式的被动动作_.已经完成 正在发生 将要发生 注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语意义的不同。（P91, Exercise 2) 过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有_关系，表示该动作的_或者_; 现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的_关系，表示该动作的_或者_.动宾 被动 完成主谓 主动 进行 第16页/共38页a falling treea fallen treeboiling waterboiled waterfalling leavesfallen leavesa flying birdprepared break

13、fasta snow-covered city第17页/共38页 The broken window made the house very ugly.The window which was broken made the house very ugly.过去分词作定语可以转换为一个定语从句 Where shall we put the flowers gathered this morning?Where shall we put the flowers which were gathered this morning?What is the language that is spoken

14、 in Italy?What is the language spoken in Italy?Do you know all the artists invited to the party?Do you know all the artists who were invited to the party?第18页/共38页II. 过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，有被动意味，相当于一个形容词。常用来作表语的过去分词有：interested, excited, impressed, disappointed, bored, delighted, discouraged, drunk, am

15、used, astonished, tired, surprised, pleased, satisfied, worried, married, frustrated, frightened, scared等.e.g. Hearing what he said, we were all deeply impressed. The little boy was very excited at the sight of the tiger.第19页/共38页注意：过去分词作表语和被动语态不同The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Jack.用作表

16、语的过去分词主要表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个_词。被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子的主语是动作的_者，后常跟_引导的短语。形容词承受by注意：过去分词和现在分词作表语的不同意义。The story is exciting, so you will be excited when you read it.过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的_, 主语往往是_, 常译为_；现在分词作表语，往往表示主语所具有的_,主语一般是_, 常译成_.心理状态 人 “感到的” 特征 物 “令人的” 第20页/共38页过去分词作定语 a.过去分词作定语 ，具有形容词的性质 。一般说来 ：单个过去分词作前置定

17、语 :He is a respected leader.过去分词短语作后置定语 :Young people brought up in the new society cant imagine the bitter life in the old days.第21页/共38页b.作定语时可用定语从句代替 He is a respected leader.= He is a leader _.Young people brought up in the new society cant imagine the bitter life in the old days.= Yong people _

18、 cant imagine the bitter life in the old days. who is respected who were brought up in the new society第22页/共38页2.作定语例2 NMET1997第17题The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing解析 过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是

19、动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.第23页/共38页例如： He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：fallen leaves 落叶 retired wo

20、rkers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳 Prices of daily goods _through a computer can be lower than store prices.（2002春招） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 第24页/共38页1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices . ( NMET 2002 ) A. are bought B. bought C. been boug

21、ht D. buying2. The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century .( NMET 94)A. Having written B. to be written C. being written D. written第25页/共38页过去分词的基本特点 ：1.从语态 上讲 ：及物动词的过去分词一般表被动 。2.从时态上讲 ：及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成的动作 ；不及物动词表示完成的意思而非表被动 。第26页/共38页简而言之，过去分词的特点即:

22、1. The ceiling has fallen down.2. The letter was written.3. The glass has been broken.完成被动完成,被动第27页/共38页过去分词与现在分词的区别 过去分词具有_和_之意 现在分词具有_和_之意作定语的区别falling leavesfallen leaves作表语的区别I am interested in the book.The book is interesting . 被动完成主动进行进行完成被动主动第28页/共38页1. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, so

23、unded fantastic at the party that night. （04上海）A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. （04浙江）A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known第29页/共38页3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from So

24、uth Africa. (90NMET)A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited4. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers _ by her mother. (93上海)A.buying B. being bought C. were bought D. bought第30页/共38页5. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with sp

25、ecific knowledge. (93上海)A.being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known6. The computer center,_ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. ( 93NMET) A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened第31页/共38页7. Cleaning women in big cities get _ by the hour. (98NMET)A.pay B.

26、 paying C. paid D. to pay8. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (2001NMET)A.separated B. spared C. lost D. missed第32页/共38页9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. （05上海春招）A.seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating10. Sarah, hurry

27、 up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. （04全国I）A.get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change第33页/共38页巩固练习1. The students, _ at the way the question was put, didnt know how to answer it.A. being surprised B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised2. The first textb

28、ooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94)A.having written B. to be writtenC. being written D. written第34页/共38页3. Look at the note_ to the door, you will see that someone paid a visit when we are away.A.pinning B. pinned C. being pinned D. is pinned4. I

29、 was very _ to find all the tickets had been sold out when I got there.A.disappoint B. to disappoint C. disappointing D. disappointed第35页/共38页5.- A woman was killed. - Where is the body of the _ woman?A. murder B. murdered C. murdering D. having murdered6. _ English is as important as _ English.A. Written; spoken B. Writing; spoke C. To write; speaking D. Written; speaking第36页/共38页第37页/共38页