UnitOneHittheNailontheHead教案新部编本河南师范大学

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1、精品教学教案设计| Excellent teaching plan教师学科教案20 -20学年度第一学期任教学科:任教年级:任教老师:xx市实验学校精品教学教案设计| Excellent teaching planUnit One Hit the Nail on the Head 2009-2-28教学时数： 4学时教 学 目 的 与 要 求 ：通 过 本 单 元 的 学 习 ，要 求 学 生 熟 悉 课 文 内 容 ，掌 握 新 的 英 语 词 汇 和 理 解 课 文 基 本 大 意 ，能 够 对 课 文 的 主 旨 进 行 简 单 总 结 和 评 论 ，并 独 立 完 成 本 单元练习题。

2、教学重点：重点句子的理解。教 学 难 点 ： creep, loiter, march, meander, pace, patrol, plod, prowl,ramble, roam, saunter, shuffle, stagger, stalk, step, tread, trudge,and walk 的 词 义 辨 析 。About Style 语 体 ( 文 体 ； 风 格 )1. variati on in a person s speech or writing. Style usually varies fromcasual to formal according to t

3、he type of situation, the person orpersons addressed, the location, the topic discussed, etc. a particularstyle, e.g. a formal style or a colloquial style, is sometimes referred toas a stylistic variety( 语 体 类 型 ) 。 Some linguists use the term“ register ” for a stylistic variety whilst others differ

4、entiate between thetwo.2. Style can also refer to a particular person s use of speech or writingat all times or to a way of speaking or writing at a particular period oftime, e.g. Dickens s style, the style of Shakespeare, an 18th centurystyle of writing.About the author:Alan Warner(1912- ), English

5、 teacher at Makerere College, Kampala,Uganda. The selection is Chapter 7 of his bookA Short Guide to EnglishStyle (1961), which consists of three parts: Part One, How to writeclean English; Part Two, the development of English style; and PartThree, English styles today. In writing the book, the auth

6、or has triedto keep in mind the special needs and difficulties of those students forwhom English is not the mother tongue.I Background Information1. Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), French novelist, was associatedwith, thought not representative of, the movement of naturalism andknown as one of the gre

7、atest realists of nineteenth-century France. Hedevoted his life to long hours spent in heavy toil over his work. Hiswriting is marked by exactness and accuracy of observation, extremeimpersonality and objectivity of treatment, and precision and expressiveness in style, or the principle of the mot ju

8、ste.As2. Mrs. Malaprop is a famous character in Sheridan s comedy TheRivals (1775). She is noted for her blunders in the use of words.headstrong as an allegory (alligator) on the banks of the Nile” is oneof her grotesque misapplications. She also requests that no delusions(allusions) to the past be

9、made. She has given us the word malapropism as a name for such mistakes.( 谢 里 丹 Sheridan ， Richard Brinsley, 英 国 剧 作 家 ， 政 治 家 。 1751 年 10 月 30 日 生 于 爱 尔 兰 ， 卒 于 1816 年 7 月 7 日 。 谢 里 丹 先 入 哈 罗 中 学 ， 后 学 法 律 。 从 1775 年 他 的 第 一 部 剧 作 上 演 ，到1779年 共 写 了7 部 剧 本 。 自 1776年 至1809年 一 直 经 营 朱 瑞 巷 剧院 。 1780年 后

10、 主 要 从 事 政治 活 动 ，当 过 议 员， 并 在外 交部 、财 政 部 和 海 军 内 任过 要 职，拥护 自由 民 主 ，反对 不 义 战争 和 反 对压 迫 平民 。谢里 丹 最 有 名 的 剧 作造 谣 学校 是 英国 风 俗 喜 剧最 佳 作 品之 一 。他的 全 部作品几乎都是以明快的机智嘲弄当时那个感情脆 弱的社会 ，并以卓越 的性格 描绘 著 称 。其 他 作 品 有 喜 剧 情 敌 、喜 歌 剧 陪 媪 、据 17 世 纪 末 英 国 剧 作 家 范 布 勒 失 足 改 写 的 喜 剧 斯 卡 巴 勒 之 行 、滑 稽 剧 批 评 家 以 及 据 同 时 代 德 国剧

11、 作家科 采布 秘鲁的西班牙人 改编的悲剧 皮扎罗 等)3. Hindi is a literary and official language of northern India. Swahili isa Bantu language that is a trade the governmental language overmuch of East Africa and in the Congo region. Bantus are peoplebelonging to a group of tribes found in equatorial and southern Africa.4.

12、 Carpenter The chief work of the carpenter is to cut, shape, andfasten lumber, timbers, and other materials according to the intentionof the designer. Building plans show dimensions and locations, butrarely give the carpenter all the necessary information. A carpentermust draw on experience and inge

13、nuity of many part of the job. Mostcarpenters work in crews of general contractors or a re employed asmaintenance workers in buildings, factories, or institutions.5. Christmas is the festival celebrating the birth of Christ. In mostcountries it is observed on December 25. Christian churchesthroughou

14、t the world hold special services on Christmas Day to givethinks for the birth of Christ. In addition to religious observances,Christmas is a time of merrymaking and feasting. Wherever Christmasis celebrated, there is a spirit of kindness and giving, in keeping withthe Biblical message:Glory to God

15、in the highest;and on earth peace, good will toward men.6. Dickens, Charles (1812-1870), an English novelist. He tried in hiswork not only to entertain but to bring about social reforms. In hisnovels Dickens attacked such evils as poorhouses, unjust courts,greedy employers, faulty schools, and impri

16、sonment for debt.7. Shakespeare, William (1564-1616), an English poet and playwright.He has long been recognized as the world s finest dramatist and a poetof high rank, and most modern critics consider him the worldgreatest literary figure. His plays have been translated into all majorlanguages and

17、numerous minor ones; performed repeatedly in almostevery country; and in Europe and America staged oftener than thoseof any other playwright. His plays have been made into motion picture,radio, and television productions and have formed the basis for operasand musicals.II. Teaching PointsPara 1:1. T

18、he sentence “ So with language; . . . firmly and directly establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word.2. Paraphrase: A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English.A wr

19、iter who is particular about the exactness of an expression inEnglish will never feel happy with a word which fails to express an idea accurately.Para 2:1. Paraphrase: Choosing words is part of realization, of defining our thought and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our

20、 words.To a certain extent, the process of finding the right words to use is a process of perfection where you try to search for words that may most accurately make your thoughts and feelings, and words that may most effectively make your listeners and readers understand your thoughts and feelings.P

21、ara 3:2. Paraphrase: It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings.Finding the most suitable word to use is no case easy. But there isnothing like the delight we shall experience whensuch a word islocated.3. Paraphrase: The exact use

22、of language gives us mastery over the material we are dealing with.Once we are able to use language accurately, we are in a position tofully understand our subject matter.4. How can I know what I think till I see what I say? This sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it.It sounds irra

23、tional that a person does not know what he himself thinks before he sees what he says. But as a matter of fact, it is quite true that unless we have found the exact words to verbalize our own thoughts we can never be very sure of what our thoughts are; without words, our thoughts cannot be defined o

24、r stated in a clear and precise manner.Para 4:1. human and humanehuman relating or characteristic of humankind or people; of, characterizing, or relating to manhumane having or showing compassion or benevolence;characterized by kindness, mercy, sympathy. Humane is an earlierform of human. The two wo

25、rds are of the same origin.Para 7:1. Malapropism: the unintentional misuse of a word by confusing itwith one that resembles it, such ashuman for humane , singularity forsingleness . （ 音 近 词 的 滑 稽 误 用 ）Para 9:1. But the misuse ofim“prison” is a different case. It is wrongly chosenbecause the user has

26、 failed to recognize its connotation.Para 10:1. March: walk with firm regular steps like a soldier齐 步 前 进 ， 行 军Pace: walk with slow, steady steps, especially backwards and forwards 踱方步Patrol: go at regular times round an area, building, etc.巡 逻Stalk: walk stiffly, proudly, or with long steps高 视 阔 步

27、地 走Stride: walk with long steps or cross with one long step大 踏 步 地 走Tread on: step on 踩 ， 践 踏Tramp: walk with firm heavy steps用 沉 重 的 脚 步 走Step out: (U.S.) go outside or go somewhere暂 时 走 开Prance: move quickly, happily, or proudly with a springing step 欢 跃的走Strut: walk proudly or stiffly, especially

28、 with the chest pushed forwardand trying to look important趾 高 气 扬 地 走Prowl: move about an area quietly, trying not to be seen or heard徘徊，潜行Plod: walk slowly along (trudge)沉 重 缓 慢 的 走Stroll: walk a short distance, slowly or lazily, especially for pleasure.闲逛散步Shuffle: walk by dragging ones feet slowl

29、y along拖 着 脚 走Stagger: walk or move unsteadily and with great difficulty, almostfalling 蹒 跚Sidle: move uncertainly or secretively, as if really to turn and go theother way 侧 身 而 行Trudge: walk with heavy steps, slowly and with effort (plod)步 履 艰 难的走Toddle: walk with short, unsteady steps, as a small

30、child does蹒 跚 行走Ramble: go on a walk for enjoyment漫 步Roam: wander with not very clear purpose漫 步Saunter: walk with an unhurried way, and especially in a confidentmanner (lounge) 闲 逛Meander: wander in a slow easy way漫 步 散 步Lounge: move in a leisurely, indolent manner (saunter)闲 荡Loiter: move slowly o

31、r keep stopping when one should be goingforward 走 走 停 停Creep: move slowly, quietly, and carefully so as not to attract attention 蹑 手 蹑 脚 地 走SEE: behold, look at, glimpse, glanced at, view, survey, perceive,notice, observe, discern, distinguish, remark, comprehend,understand, know死的表示法：亡，故，卒，毙，薨，陨，崩，

32、故世，献身，长眠，逝世，寿终， 没 了 ，入 土 ，断 气 ，溘 逝 ，驾 崩 ，大 行 ，回 老 家 ，玩 儿 完 ，填 沟 壑 ，翘 辫 子 ，见 马 克 思 ，一 命 呜 呼 ，三 长 两 短 ，香 消 玉 陨 ，呜 呼 哀 哉 ，跨 鹤 西 游 ，吹 灯 拔 蜡 ，去 极乐世界。III. Organization and Development1. Structure:Para. 1 Introductionit is an analogy between the hammering of nailsand the use of language to express oneself.

33、 A man with a poorcommand of a language, not sure what words to use to expresshimself, is just like a man clumsy with a hammer, unsuccessful in hiseffort to strike a nail right into a box. / A man with a good commandof a language, just like a skillful carpenter who easily drives home thenail with a

34、few firm, deft blows, will drive home his point firmly andexactly with the right words and expressions.Language useClumsy carpenter(get half of the nail into a box)Skillful carpenter(hit the nail squarely on the head)CarpentryGood craftsman(choose words that will drive home his point firmly & exactl

35、y)Bad craftsman(more-or-less-right words, loose phrases, ambiguous expressions,vague adjectives)CC : SCGC : BCPara. 2-3 The significance of finding the right wordsParas. 4-7 Semantic difference between words sharing the same rootParas. 8 Wrong choice of words caused by failure to recognize their con

36、notationsPara. 9 stylistic differences between synonymsPara. 10 The abundance of specific words in English for generalnotionsPars. 11 ConclusionEnglish has a large vocabulary, however, onlyaround 12,000 words are used today. Thus choose the words precisely and exactly.te way to2. Analogy:An analogy

37、is a special kind of comparison and a more concreexplain things. It can help to make some vast, remote, abstract, orspecialized thing clear. Of the two things being compared, one is anunfamiliar subject, usually a difficult or abstract subject the writermakes a point of clarifying, and the other a f

38、amiliar subject, an easy subject the writer utilizes to help explain his unfamiliar subject.IV. Interactive Activity1. Oral practice: Use the way of analogy to illustrate your ideas ofdormitory life/ your love for your parents/ the friendship between youand one of your best friendsWritten work: writ

39、e a short summary of Hit the nail on the head,making clear how the writer uses analogy to illustrate an abstractpoint.Add-on materialsV Proverbs and IdiomsEnglish proverbs and idioms: (very important because of their specificcultural connotations)1. Hit the nail on the head2. To play by ear凭 听 觉 记 忆

40、 演 奏Neil sat at the piano and began playing, by ear, the music hed heardhis older sister practicing.In hot water 遇 到 麻 烦 ； 处 于 困 境The company has already been in hot water over high prices this year.(like) Water off a duck s back 不 起 作 用 , 毫 无 影 响Close to the vest 把 . 保 守 秘 密 ; 避 免 不 必 要 的 危 险 play

41、(it) close to the vestA vest is a piece of underwear which you can wear on the top half ofyour body in order to keep warm. (BRIT; in AM use undershirt)The shoe is on the other foot情 况 完 全 不 同 了 ； 责 任 在 别 人 身 上 ； 情 况 相 反 ；地位倒转；位置对调To keep an ear to the groundTo be on the watch for new trends or infor

42、mation.敏 锐 ， 精 明 ： 注 意 新动向或信息To bark up the wrong treeTo misdirect ones energies or attention.找 错 目 标 ： 精 力 或 注 意 力 集 中在错误地方To fly off handle 美 口 冒 火 , 激 动 ； 死 , 翘辫子To twist someone s armTo coerce by or as if by physical force:向 某 人 施 加 压 力 ， 用 或 好 象 用 施 加压力的办法来强迫某人服从To charge someone an arm and a l

43、egan arm and a leg 【 俚 语 】 : An excessively high price非 常 高 的 价 格 ：a cruise that cost an arm and a leg.Taking candy from a babyHed take a candy from a baby. 美 口 他 是 个 贪 得 无 厌 的 人Bottom lineThe line in a financial statement that shows net income or loss.帐 本底线，盈亏一览结算线：在财务报表中用此线标明净收益或净损失The final resul

44、t or statement; upshot结 果 ， 结 局 ： 最 后 结 果 或 声 明 ； 结果：“ The bottom line, however, is that he has escaped” (David Wise)然而，最后的结局是他逃掉了 ”戴维怀斯)The main or essential point要 点 或 关 键 之 处 ：“ A lot can happen between now and December, but the bottomline for now is that the city is still heading toward default”

45、 (NewYork)“从现在 到十二 月份 会 发生很多变化 ， 但是现在的实质 问题 是， 这 个城 市还是不 准 备 参 赛 ”( 纽 约 )Just for laughs (laugh: amusing incident or person)If you do something for a laugh or for laughs, you do it as a joke or for fun.To laugh up one s sleeve: be secretly amused (at sb.)暗 笑 ； 窃 喜To rejoice or exult in secret, as at

46、 anothers error or defeat.幸 灾 乐 祸 ：偷偷地欣喜或高兴，如对他人的错误或失败(have/get) The last laugh笑 在 最 后 ; 取 得 最 后 胜 利A BLACK SHEEP 败 家 子 , 败 类 , 害 群 之 马If you describe someone as theblack sheep of their family or of agroup that they are a member of, you mean that they are consideredbad or worthless by other people i

47、n that family or group.A dark horseIf you describe someone as adark horse , you mean that people knowvery little about them, although they may have recently had success or may be about to have success.Until recently A. S. Byatt was a dark horse, known only by thosesteeped in literature.A white lieIf

48、 you refer to an untrue statement as awhite lie , you mean that it ismade to avoid hurting someones feelings or to avoid trouble, and not for an evil purpose.VI Dictation (write a synonym and an antonym):Dismay; toddle; imprison; maintain; singularity; expire; scrupulous;indigent; epitomizeWrite thr

49、ee specific words for say :VII Vocabulary: Generic and Specific wordsSay: speak; tell; declare; pronounce; express; state; argue; affirm;blurt; drawl; stammer; splatter; sputter; orate; etc.See: behold; look at; glimpse; glance at; view; survey; contemplate;perceive; notice; observe; discern; distin

50、guish; remark; comprehend; understand; etc.Beverage: liquor; wine; beer; tea; coffee; milk; drink; soft drink; etc.Excitement: agitation; perturbation; commotion; disturbance;tension; bustle; stir; flutter; sensation; etc.Delight: joy; gladness; satisfaction; charm; rapture; ecstasy;gratification; e

51、tc.Skillful: apt; ingenious; handy; ready; quick; smart; expert; gifted;talented; dexterous; clever; etc.VIII Some problems to considerOrganization and Development of Text 1the double function of the correct choice of wordssemantic differences between words having the same rootwrong choice of words

52、caused by failure to recognize their connotationsstylistic differences between synonymsthe un-translatability of culturally specific wordsthe abundance of specific words in English for general notionsWay of Analysis: Analogy Comparison & Contrast (similarities &dissimilarities)Analogy as an extended comparison: e.g. the learning of a foreignlanguage versus swimming, bike-riding, etc.The un-translatability of culturally specific words:e.g. le mot juste chicahimsasafarisamsaranevanaweltanschauungSome Chinese words that are also un-translatable?育人犹如春风化雨，授业不惜蜡炬成灰