Lesson01APumaatlarge解析

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1、Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音,然后回答以下问题。Where must the puma have come from?Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into LondonZoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they w

2、ere not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberri

3、es saw a lcat onlfyive yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away

4、in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of -like noisecsat at night and a businessman on a fishing tripsaw the puma up a tr

5、ee. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but

6、the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. New words and expressions 生词 和短语 puma(title)/pju:m+/n. 美洲狮 corner(1. 9)/k&:n+/v. 使走投无路,使陷入困境 spot(1. 2)/sp&t/v. 看出,发现 trail(1. 11)/treil/n. 一串,一系列 evidence(1. 4)/evid+ns/n 证据 p

7、rint(1. 12)/print/n. 印痕 accumulate(1. 4)/ekju:mjuleit/v. 积累,积聚 cling(1. 12)/kliR/(clung/kl)R/, clung)v. 粘 oblige(1. 5)/+blaid/v. 使感到必须 convince。. 14)/k+nvins/v.使信服hunt(1. 7)/h)nt/n. 追猎;寻找 somehow(1. 16)/s)mha(/adv. 不知怎么搞地,不 blackberry(1. 8)/bl$kb+ri/n. 黑莓 知什么原因 human being(1. 9)/?hju:m+n-bi:iR/ 人类 d

8、isturb(1. 17)/dist*:b/v. 令人不安 Notes on the text 课文注释 1 at large 是介词短语,此处表示“逍遥自在” 、 “行动自由”的意思。2 When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, 当伦敦动物园接到报告说,在伦敦以南 45 英里的地方发现一头野生美洲狮时。这 个从句中以 that 引导的从句是reports 的同位语,用于进一步说明报告的内容。3 feel obliged to do

9、sth. 是“感到不得不做某事”的意思。4 it left behind it a trail of,它身后留下一串。a trail of 作 left 的宾语, behind it 是状语,提到宾语之前是为了使句子结构更紧凑。5 puma fur was found clinging to bushes 中, clinging 是现在分词,此处作主语puma fur 的主语补足语。下文中 As no pumas had been reported missing句中, missing 也是现在分词作 主语补足语。6 in the possession of,为所有。美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动

10、物,产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说,在伦敦以南45 英里处发现一只美洲狮时, 这些报告并没有受到重视。可是,随着证据越来越多,动物园的专 家们感到有必要进行一番调查, 因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。 那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时看见 “一只大猫” ,离她仅 5 码远,她刚看见它,它就立刻逃走了。专家证实,美洲狮除非被逼得走投无路,是决不会伤人的。 事实上搜寻工作很困难, 因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮, 晚上却在20 英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走到哪儿,一路上总会留下一串死鹿以及死兔子之类的小动物。 在许多地方看见了爪

11、印, 灌木丛中也发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。 有人抱怨说夜里听见了“像猫一样的叫声” ;一位商人去钓鱼,看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮, 但它是从哪儿来的呢?由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮, 因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏家豢养的, 不知怎么设法逃出来了。 搜寻工作进行了好几个星期, 但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。 想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继 续逍遥流窜,真令人担心。Summary writing 摘要写作In not more than 80 words describe how experts came to the conclusion tha

12、t the animal seen by many people really was a puma. Do not include anything that is not in the passage.Answer these questions in note form to get your points:1 What sort of reports were received by London Zoo?2 Were the reports similar in nature or not?3 Who saw it first?4 Did it stay in one place,o

13、r did it move from place to place?5 What did it leave behind it?6 Were paw prints and puma fur found as well or not?7 What was heard at night?8 Was the animal seen up a tree or not?9 Were experts now sure that the animal really was a puma or not?Vocabulary 词汇Give another word or phrase to replace th

14、e following words as they are used in the passage:spotted(1. 2);accumulate(1. 4); obliged to(1. 5); claimed(1. 6); extraordinarily similar(1. 6); immediately(1. 8); convinced(1. 15).Composition 作文Describe the occasion when the woman picking blackberries saw the puma. Expand the following into a para

15、graph of about 150 words.Mrs. Stone had spent the whole morning It was nearly lunch time, so she decided Shevas just whenshe heard a noise in Thenshe saw an animal which Sheknew it was not a cat because The animal suddenly ancshe thought it was going to Shedropped her basketand Hearing the sound, th

16、e animalafter which, Mrs. Stone and they (86 words)Letter writing 书信写作On a full page, show the exact position of each of the following:The address and date;the beginning of the letter;the Introduction;the Purpose;the Conclusion;the letter-ending;the signature;the postscript. Supply all necessary ful

17、l stops and commas.Key structures 关键句型Simple, Compound and Complex Statements. 简单句、并列句和复合句( IKS 73 ) (参见第 2册第 73 课关键句型)Exercise 练习Underline all the joining words in the passage. Note carefully how simple statements have beenjoined to make compound or complex statements.Special difficulties 难点过去曾有一种传

18、统的规定, 认为英文句子不允许以介词结尾。 现在, 这种所谓的禁忌早以破除。在现代英语中,除正体书面语体外,以介词结尾的句子很多,在口语中更为常见。Where had it come from? (1. 14)Instead of saying:It is better to say:About whom are you talking?Who(m)are you talking about?That is the film about which I told you.That is the film I told you about.(Compare ISD 28) (对比第 2 册第 2

19、8 课难点)Exercises 练习A Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one:1 What are you looking ?2 Where is your mother going ?3 Whom has the letter been sent ?4 This is the house I was born .5 What does your decision depend ?B Write these sentences again changing the position o

20、f the words in italics. Where possible, omit the words whom or which.1 He is the man about whom we have heard so much.2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed.3 From whom did you receive a letter?4 This is the road by which we came.5 Where is the pencil with which you were playing?Mult

21、iple choice questions 多项选择题Choose the correct answers to the following questions.Comprehension 理解1 Experts eventually decided to investigate .a because they did not believe that pumas existed in Englandb because they wanted a puma for the London Zooc when a woman saw a puma in a small villaged becau

22、se peoples descriptions of the puma had a lot in common2 What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village?a The puma had not attacked the woman.b The woman had described the animal she had seen as a large cat .c A puma had come very close to a human be

23、ing.d The puma had behaved like a cat.3 What was the problem the experts were unable to solve?a How the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day.b How the puma had escaped from a zoo.c Whom the puma had belonged to.d How the numa had climbed a tree.Structure 结构4 The accumulating e

24、vidence made the experts the animal was a puma. (lines 4-6)a to thinkb thinkingc thinkd thought5 People said the puma. (lines 5-6)a to have seenb to seec they sawd they had seen6 , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)a Observing herb On being observedc Having been observedd On her being observed7 Pu

25、mas never attack a human being except cornered. (line 9)a they areb beingc that they ared when they are8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animal a puma. (lines 13-14)a must beb should have beenc can only bed could only have beenV ocabulary 词汇9 The woman saw a large cat five yards away f

26、rom her.-8(li)nes 7a at leastb four orc no more thand within10 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels itself to be . (line 9)a in a cornerb in a trapc at an angled under cover11 A business man on a fishing trip is probably someone who . (line 13)a sells fishb fishes for pleasurec nets

27、fishd earns his living as a fisherman12 A private collector is a man who collects . (lines 15-16)a for his own benefitb on his ownc in privated unknown to the publicNew words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的,要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里puman.美洲可币spot v.看出,发现= see, pick out, recognize, ca

28、tch sight of 强调结果 , 辨别出 , 看见 , 识别 , 发现- - A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.- - He has good eye for spotting mistakes.同意词:- - find :强调发现的结果/ find out :查出事实真相- - discover :做出重大发现/ notice :注意到- - observe :观察 / watch :观察活动中的人或画面Spotn.斑点- - There is a white spot on the shirt.on the spot 有两个含义:1 立刻

29、 , 马上( at once, immediately )- - Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.2 at the place of the action 在现场- - Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.Evidencen.证据(不可数名词)Evident adj.明显的,显然的/ evidently adv朋显地,显然Evidence = proof (n. 证据 )- - When the police arrived, he had

30、 already destroyed the evidence.in evidence 显而易见的- - He was in evidence at the party.Accumulatev.积累,积聚(强调积累的过程)- - As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.Gathervt.聚集,把某人召集在某处- - The teacher gathered his students in the classCollect vt. 搜集 , 采集- -Do you collect

31、stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby. (n.业余爱好)Assemble v.集合,集会/装配- - A large number of people assemble on the square.Hoard vt. 大量的储存( - hoard up = store up 储藏)- - The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter (squirrel n. 松鼠) ( nut n. 坚果)amass vt. 积聚(主要用于诗歌和文学作品)- - The clouds amassed above t

32、he hillsOblige v.使感到必须feel obliged to do sth 感觉有必要做某事- -I feel obliged to say no to his demand(n.要求, 需要)be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事- - They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off. (debt n.债务)huntv.n.追猎,寻找 (hunt for )- - The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.- - The

33、hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult.( prove vt. 证明 , 证实)search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物- - The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.run after 强调追赶 , 追求- - look, a dog is running after a cat- - what are you run after in your lifeseek = pursuev.追寻(理想)chase v.追赶 (-They are chasing a thief

34、 / They are running after a thief )blackberry n.黑莓 / berryn.浆果human being 人类cornerv.使走投无路,使陷入困境作为动词 , 经常使用被动语态- - The thief was cornered at last- - The problem cornered me.cornern.角落- - at the corner of the street- - in the corner of the room- - on the corner of the deskTrail n.一串,一系列trail vt. 跟踪 ,

35、追踪 ( = follow )- - The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding ( criminal n. 罪犯)Printn.印痕Clingv.粘(clung, clung, clinging )- - She is always clinging to her mother.- - He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望stick v.粘住 (-stick the envelop ) n.信封stick to 坚持 (-stick to

36、the plan / stick to one s promise) n.许诺sticky adj.粘的 (-sticky fingers )convince 丫.使信服1convince sb of sth- -I convince him of my honesty.(n.诚实, 正直)我使他相信我的诚实。2 be convinced that - -I am convinced that she is honest girl.(adj.诚实的,正直的)somehowadv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因= by some means, in some way, for some reaso

37、n unknown- - I ll get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。- - I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。Somewhatadv稍微,有点,有些 (=a little )- - The price is somewhat higher than I expect.(high adj. 高的)disturb disturbing surprising excitingv.令人不安adj.令人不安的adj.令人惊讶的adj.令人激动的/disturbedsurprisedadj.感到不安的 adj.感到惊讶的exc

38、ited adj. 感到激动的wild adj.野性的,野生的investigate v.调查,研究descriptionn.描写,描述extraordinarilyadv.特另1J地,非常地,格夕卜similar adj .相似的 , 类似的attackvt. 攻击difficult adj.困难的,艰难的 difficulty n.困难,难点rabbitn.兔,野兔pawn.手掌,手爪furn.毛皮,毛,软毛bush n.矮树丛fully adv充分地,完全地 collectorn.收藏家,征收者Text 课文at large 逃遁的 , 没有被控制的- - The thief is st

39、ill at largeat large详细地(=in detail) n.细节,详情- - I need talk to you at largeat large 总体来讲( = as a whole )- - The students at large are hungry for English. ( hungry adj. 饥饿的 , 渴望的)Where must the puma have come from?Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.在英文的表达方式中,首先呈现给读者的是结果(和中文不同

40、)英文擅长用长句,中文擅长用短句。- -Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. (panda n.熊猫)cat-like 猫一样的 , 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词

41、的后面, 但为了保持句子平衡, 也可以把 谓语动词放到从句之前1 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰- - 定语从句的引导词:- - 指人:主语who ;宾语 who, whom ;定语 whose- - 指物: that (也可以指人) / which- - 时间状语: when / 地点状语: where / 原因状语: why2 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容- - 同位语从句的引导词:- - 名词(做主语、宾语等) :关系词用that 而不是 which- - 时间:when ;地点:where- - 定语从句中没有what 这个关系词,但 what 可以引导同位语从句- -

42、 An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.- - I have no idea what has happened to him 。they were not taken seriously ( they 指代 reports )take sth seriously = deal with sth seriously 认真地对待某事- - I always take your suggestions seriously.take sth lightly 草率地对待某事( lightly adv. 轻

43、率地)- - Don t take the hot potato lightly (hot potato n.棘手的问题)However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.However adv然而(起转折作用)As 连词:随着, 当 .之时过去分词做定语:

44、- - the descriptions given by people- - the story told by the sailor (n. 海员 , 水手 , 船员 )- - a book written by Luxunclaim to have done sth 声称曾经做过某事- - He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries sawa large cat

45、only five yards away from her.Where a woman picking 定语从句- - I still remember the school where I studied English.It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt. 确定 )Unless it is

46、cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj. 如果不 , 除非 )- - He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.search = huntWherever it went, it left behin

47、d it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.把某物留在后面: leave behind- -Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.(n.血)Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。puma fur was found clinging to

48、bushes. (被动)- - clinging to bushes 是现在分词短语做宾补Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a plain of/about sth 抱怨某事on+名词:强调动作正在进行- - on the rise 在上升 / on the increase 在增加- - on the watch 在观看 / on the match 在比赛中- - on the fishing trip 在钓鱼的途

49、中 / on holiday 在度假The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?Fully (adv.充分地,完全地)=completely = entirelyAs no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow manag

50、ed to escape.sth be in the possession of sb = sth be in sbs possession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)- - The beautiful car is in my possession.= The beautiful car is in the possession of me.Sb be in possession of sth 某人拥有某物 (主语是人 )- -I am in possession of the beautiful car. (in possession of 做表语)- -The person in pos

51、session of the big house is excited. (in possession of 做定语) take possession of拥有一The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught.Went on = lasted ( last vi. 继续 , 持续)It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.It is disturbing to t

52、hink that. 一想到就心理不安- - It is disturbing to think that I fail my examination in the quiet countryside 在宁静的山村Special difficulties 难点Exercises A1 . at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. onExercises B2 . He is the man we have heard about so much.3 . The shelf you put those books on has collapsed. (vi.倒塌,崩溃, 瓦解)4

53、.Whom did you receive a letter from?特殊疑问句中 whom 不能省略(本句) 。定语从句中 Which 以及指代人的做宾语的 Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时,介词不能前置到关系代词 Whom, Which 前,只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。固定的动词短语look for :寻找 (去掉 for 后 look 没有寻找的意思,所以介词 for 不能前置)非固定的动词短语look at :注视live in :居住 (去掉 in 后 live 仍有居住的意思,所以介词 in 可以前置)This is the old house in which h

54、e lived. = This is the old house he lived in.5 .This is the road we came by?6 .Where is the pencil you were playing with?Multiple choice questions 多项选择1正确答案:D in commonadv.共有(替换了 similar)2正确答案:BA )只是一个具体的特定的事列,阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意B ) large cat persuadev.说服,劝说3答案正确:C做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意 文章最后一句话总结了大意句型结构题和词汇题

55、是每课的关键4答案正确:CMake 的用法:make somebody do (在主动语态中不定式的符号to 应该省略)be made to do (被动语态中不定式的符号to 必须补充完整)- - They made her wait for hours.5答案正确: DA )把 say 改成 claim 就对了 ( - People claimed to have seen the puma.) D )清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系6正确答案:B原句中的 when引导的时间状语从句表示:一 就(as soon as)被动: On being observed, it immediately

56、 ran away.主动: On observing her, it immediately ran away. On seeing me, he waved to me.7正确答案:Dexcept 可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配(也可是when/if 引导的从句形式)unless = ifnot = except on the condition thatwhen = if- -except when they are cornered.=except if they are cornered.- - Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever

57、 you come, you are welcome.8正确答案:DA ) must be 只是对客观现实的推测,时态不一致- - 对于过去事实推测一定要用:情态动词 + have +过去分词 9正确答案:C/ within = not more thanon more than = nothing more than = only10正确答案:Bin a corner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地 , 秘密地in a trap 落于陷阱中at an angle 不正的,倾斜的(angle n.角,角度,角落,墙角,棱角)under cover在遮蔽处, 秘密地 , 暗中11. 正确答案: Bfishes for pleasure 钓鱼消遣travel for pleasure 外出游玩read for pleasure 阅读消遣12-= alone )on ones ownadv.独自地,独立地,主动地for ones own benefit 为了某人自己的利益

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