微软官方教材财务FinancialII

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1、Microsoft Business Solutions Axapta 3.0Financial Series IIMicrosoft Axapta 3.0 Financial Series IIAgendaFinancials II Agenda Budgeting Cash Flow Management Multi-Currency Advanced Payments Audit Trail Intercompany AccountingFinancials II Agenda (cont.) Consolidated Accounting Financial Statements Co

2、llection Letters and Interest Month-End & Year-End CloseMicrosoft Axapta 3.0 Financial Series IIBudgetingBudgetingBudgetingVarious ways to prepare budget1.Manual create: creation of budgets using a “zero based” principle2.“Transfer balances” function: transfer specified proportion of actual balances

3、 to budget3.”Edit” function: creation of budgets from other budgets.BudgetingCreate budget model AXAPTA: GL Setup Budget modelBudgetingPeriod allocation keyPeriod allocation keyDuplicates the amount of the budget line throughout the model, using the specified date range or time frame in accordance t

4、o the defined period allocation factor (repetition frequency) In the field group Allocation AXAPTA: GL Ledger Budget “General” Tab Allocation Method you can choose between three different allocation methods: None / Period (e.g. monthly, every 10 days) / Key (for setting up seasonal fluctuations )Bud

5、getingAllocation term AXAPTA: GL Allocation term AXAPTA: GL Ledger Budget Ledger Budget “Setup” “Setup” button button “Allocation terms” “Allocation terms”Allocate budget to other account(s) or dimensions with specified proportionsExecute the duplications AXAPTA: GL Ledger Budget “Simulation” button

6、 Allocation BudgetingReview and Print Budgets Review and Print Budgets Ledger Budget / Annual Budget AXAPTA: GL Reports BudgetBudget can be included in financial statement column; run via AXAPTA: GL Reports Transactions Periodic Financial statementView budget balances & distribution via AXAPTA: GL L

7、edger budget “Budget balances” buttonMicrosoft Axapta 3.0 Financial Series IICashflow ManagementCash flow managementGive an overview of all incoming and outgoing payments and secure appropriate distribution of (the existing) company cash and other liquid balancesAXAPTA creates estimated transactions

8、 that will happen in the future, based on ledger and other transactions already posted in the system Cash flow managementCurrency requirementA collection of cash flow forecast transactions that specifies the future requirement per currency and per periodIt is calculated on the basis of cash flow for

9、ecast transactions made from specific transactions on the liquidity accounts that you specify. Cash flow managementWhen working with appropriations, information from the following modules is used:ModuleModuleTransactionsTransactionsSales orderSales orders that have not been invoiced yet.Purchase ord

10、erPurchase orders that have not been invoiced yet.Accounts receivable Open transactions = Invoices that are not yet paid.Accounts payableOpen transactions = Invoice that are not yet paid.Ledger (budget)Entered transactions in budgets marked for cash flow forecast.Inventory (sales budget)Entered tran

11、sactions in budgets marked for cash flow forecast.Inventory (purchase budget)Entered transactions in budgets marked for cash flow forecast.Ledger (transactions)Transactions on accounts with future cash flow transaction postings specified. (Example: Payment of VAT and taxes.)Cash flow managementE.g.

12、an open sales order-Expected date to invoicing i.e. forecast to CR sales DR AR = order creation date + period between invoice and delivery + invoicing period-Expected date to settle this sales order invoice, i.e. forecast to CR AR DR bank = order creation date + period between invoice and delivery +

13、 + invoicing period + payment terms on order + settle term on customer groupCash flow managementE.g. ledger forecastSetup by ledger account AXAPTA: GL Chart of accounts “Setup” tab Cashflow forecastDefine expected balance transfer or allocation in the future date as determined by the payment term (e

14、.g. expected fund transfer next month after any transaction, to 2 petty cash A/C in certain %)Cash flow managementCalculate cash flow forecastAXAPTA: GL Periodic Currency requirement Calculate cashflow forecastsTotal / New (calculate on new transactions made since the last cash flow calculation)Cash

15、 flow managementCalculate currency requirementsAXAPTA: GL Periodic Currency requirement Currency requirement “Calculation” buttonTotal balance + forecasted requirement of Liquidity accounts set in AXAPTA: GL Setup Postings LiquidityMicrosoft Axapta 3.0 Financial Series IIMulti-currencyMulti-Currency

16、Currency converterDisplay transaction and balances amount in another currency on reports and on inquiry formExchange Profit & Loss Posting SetupPosting account of exchange gain or loss due to exchange rate fluctuationRoundingGeneral rounding (should set the smallest unit)Purchase invoice roundingSal

17、es invoice roundingPrice amount roundingNote: if there are any rounding difference will post to system account “order invoice round-off” (SO) or “purchase invoice round-off (PO)Multi-CurrencyGL exchange adjustment (setting)Revaluation of ledger account (other than AR, AP)Ledger - Exchange adjustment

18、 voucher number AXAPTA: GL Setup Parameters “number sequence” tabEnable the accounts “exchange adjustment” in Chart of Accounts AXAPTA: GL Chart of accountsExchange rates with posting accounts specified AXAPTA: GL Setup Exchange ratesGL exchange adjustment (processing)AXAPTA: GL Periodic exchange ad

19、justmentNote: Exchange adjustments are made separately for default and secondary company currencyMulti-CurrencyAR / AP exchange adjustment (setting)Revaluation of AR and AP transaction balances should be done via AR and AP moduleLedger - Exchange adjustment voucher number AXAPTA: GL Setup Parameters

20、 “number sequence” tabEnable the accounts “exchange adjustment” in Chart of Accounts AXAPTA: GL Chart of accountsExchange rates with posting accounts specified AXAPTA: GL Setup Exchange ratesAR or AP exchange adjustment (processing)AXAPTA: AR or AP Periodic exchange adjustment3 adjustment method: “s

21、tandard” (currency table), “invoice” (cancel), “maximum” (in AP, more favorable to your company), “minimum” (in AR - more favorable to customer)Result = unrealized exchange gain or loss is generated per open transactionsNote: when invoice is settled, any previously generated unrealized P&L will be r

22、eversed and a realized profit and loss will be generated (depending on the rate on settlement)Microsoft Axapta 3.0 Financial Series IIAdvanced paymentAdvanced PaymentMethod of paymentDefine different methods of payment (e.g. cheque, TT, etc)“Period” determine how should add up invoices when using “p

23、ayment proposal”Other setup that define for electronic paymentBridgingAchieve 2-step posting for vendor payment1st step: Payment post voucher to a temp “bridging” account2nd step: receive notification of “bank-in” in “General journal” voucher “select bridged posting” offset the temp “bridging” accou

24、nt and post to designated bank accountAdvanced PaymentPrepaymentPrepayment can be posted to a different account than the summary account for customer (i.e. setup another posting profile for “prepayment” which select e.g. “deposit a/c” as “summary account”)Prepayment posting profile can be predefined

25、 in AR parametersPrepayment can be posted as payment voucher, which mark as “prepayment” (e.g. Credit deposit a/c; Debit bank)Later when an invoice is to be settled with this prepayment, the amount is transferred from the deposit a/c to AR a/c; then offsetting AR a/c against the invoice (e.g. DR dep

26、osit a/c, CR AR; DR AR, CR Sales)Microsoft Axapta 3.0 Financial Series IIIntercompany AccountingIntercompany AccountingSetup for Ledger transactions between 2 companiesIntercompany Accounting A/C e.g. “Due to” (credit) and “Due from” (debit)Suggest to setup another journal name (type = “daily”) espe

27、cially for intercompany transactions, so that by the voucher number user could distinguish these transactions from the other normal transactions within the companyMicrosoft Axapta 3.0 Financial Series IIConsolidationConsolidation initial setupFirst create a special company account for “consolidation

28、” reporting (no direct posting to this company account)In consolidation company account specify the company is a consolidation companyConsolidation initial setupCreate consolidate chart of accounts in consolidation company AXAPTA: GL Chart of accountsConsolidation initial setupIn subsidiary company

29、accounts, iIn subsidiary company accounts, if the account is different from consolidation account, specify consolidation account of the selected accountConsolidation processingProcessing AXAPTA: GL Periodic Consolidate Consolidation, on-line (if the consolidation company account is not in the same d

30、atabase of the subsidiary company, first use AXAPTA: GL Periodic Consolidate “export” from the subsidiary company; then in consolidation company use AXAPTA: GL Periodic Consolidate “import” Specify range of accounts, date of transactions, whether to include budget models for consolidationSpecify % o

31、f shares from the company you would like to consolidateTransactions are transferred in the subsidiarys default currency Consolidation processing“Exchange adjustment”: If selected, revaluation will first be performed before converting to consolidation reporting companys functional currency with the r

32、ate effective at “to date” will be used; If not selected, the rate effective at transaction will be used and hence no exchange adjustment is performed (only effective for those subsidiary ledger account with “monetary” enabled)Subsidiary company has enabled “Monetary” = use with “exchange adjustment

33、” when consolidation (as above explanation) and perform exchange adjustment for subsidiary before consolidationWhen consolidation, convert from subsidiary to consolidation companys functional currency, always use “fixed rate” when consolidation, unless 0.00 is specified at monetary or non-monetary r

34、ates (no effect no whether account in consolidation company is monetary or not), then use effective rate at exchange conversion tableAmount in transactional currencyAmount in subsidiary currencyAmount in consolidation company currencyCONSOLIDATIONRequire to perform up-to-date revaluation b4 consolid

35、ation?- If yes, enable the ledger account “monetary” setup in sub COA- Also enable “exchange adjustment” when running consolidationUse monetary rate or non-monetary rate? Determine by “monetary”Checkbox in consolidation company COA;If no rate defined, use rate in currency tableConsolidation processi

36、ngExample:-Subsidiary (default EUR) transaction = CAD100 (=EUR65 at tranx time)-Subsidiary exchange rate on Mar 15; EUR40 = 100CAD; -Consol. (default USD); Mon exchange rate (EUR to USD): EUR100= USD500; Non-Monetary rate: EUR100 = USD101; effective rate in currency table: EUR100=USD86.8961-Carry ou

37、t consolidation to Mar 15-Conclusion-If monetary / non-monetary rate(s) is defined, the system will look at the related currencys monetary setup (whether rates for monetary and non-monetary accounts are defined); the system will look at the exchange table ONLY when the monetary or non-monetary = zer

38、o rate-When “exchange adjustment” is selected in consolidation prompt screen, the system will perform exchange adjustment of original transactions currency to subsidiarys currency for those accounted selected “monetary” exchange adj in subsidiarys COA (so EUR40 is retrieved instead of EUR65 when it

39、is selected)-Note-Exchange gain occurs for USD25 when EUR40 is used for reporting to consolidationMonetary checkbox in ledger account S: NC: NS:C:S:C: NS: NC:Select “exchange adjustment” when consolidation (carry out exchange adj for subsidiary tranx before consolidation)N and has rate in monetary E

40、UR65 = USD65.65EUR65 = USD325.00EUR65 = USD65.65EUR65 = USD325.00 and has rateEUR65 = USD65.65EUR40 = USD200.00EUR40 = USD40.4EUR65 = USD325.00N and zero rateEUR65 = USD56.48EUR65 = USD56.48EUR65 = USD56.48EUR65 = USD56.48 and zero rateEUR65 = USD56.48EUR40 = USD34.76EUR40 = USD34.76EUR65 = USD56.48

41、Consolidation processingExampleMicrosoft Axapta 3.0 Financial Series IIFinancial statementFinancial statement - setupFinancial statement row AXAPTA: GL Setup Financial statement rows (name)Financial statement column AXAPTA: GL Setup Financial statementSALES REPORTQ1 Balance Q2 Balance Difference SAL

42、ESSales parts13,800.0015,000.00-1,200.00Sales watch234,000.00200,000.0034,000.00Sales bands52,000.0090,000.00-38,000.00Sales maintenance62,000.0020,000.0042,000.00Sales others2,500.0010,000.00-7,500.00TOTAL SALES364,300.00335,000.0029,300.00Financial statement rowFinancial statement (=column)Financi

43、al statement - setupFinancial statement row-Define accounts to be displayed on the report-May create manually, or use “Insert accounts” function to copy from chart of accountsFinancial statement - setupSpecify the alignment and display of each accounts figures (can be default from Chart of Accounts

44、or specified in here)Financial statement - setupFinancial statement (i.e. “column”)-Define columns of figures to be displayed and specify which financial statement row is includedPrinting Financial statement Run via AXAPTA: GL Reports Transactions Periodic Financial statementMay specify to print new

45、 page by dimension(s), or breakdown by a dimensionPrinting Financial statement ExampleMicrosoft Axapta 3.0 Financial Series IICollection Letter & InterestCollection LetterUse as “reminder” of payment for invoice to customerMight setup different letters (up to 5 letter formats) depending on the lengt

46、h of time the invoice overdue (e.g. if late for 3 days, send a kind reminder; if late for another 14 days, send another letter with warning; etc)Might incur fee together with collection letter (e.g. as administration charge for issuing the letter, or as “penalty”)Collection letter - setupDefine text

47、 on collection letter AXAPTA: AR Setup Forms Form noteCollection letter - setupSetup collection letter sequence AXAPTA: AR Setup Forms Form note for # of letters to be sent within certain late timeframe Below example: -collection letter 1 is created 1 day after invoice due date; it must be printed a

48、nd posted before the 2nd letter will be created-collection letter 2 is created only if another 3 days is overdue from the 1st letter creation dateCollection letter - setupSetup whether “posting” of collection letter is considered as “confirmed” AXAPTA: AR Setup Parameters (so according to collection

49、 letter sequence if next timeframe is due the next letter will be generated)Collection letter - setupCollection letter - setupAttach which collection letter sequence apply to invoice by its posting profile AXAPTA: AR Setup Posting ProfilesCollection letter processingCreate collection letter AXAPTA:

50、AR Periodic Interest and collection letter creation of collection letterCollection letter processingPrinting and posting collection letter AXAPTA: AR Periodic Interest and collection letter collection letter noteCollection letter processingCollection letter processingMust print the letter before pos

51、tingIn order to update collection letter as “confirmed”, it must be “posted” (no matter it includes fee or not) Collection letter processingInterest NoteGenerate interest charge for any late payment and overdue invoicesMight setup to generate interest charge for customerInterest Note - setupInterest

52、 note code: define monthly interest rate, minimum amount to generate interest, how often it is calculated, any extra fee incur in the interest note, days of grace for generating interest after due date, ledger account for interest received, etcAXAPTA: AR Setup Interest and Collection letter Interest

53、 noteBelow example: monthly 2 % for every 15 day (i.e. 1% of invoice amount for overdue 1-15 days)Interest Note - setupDefine whether open or closed or both invoices would incur interest AXAPTA: AR Setup ParametersInterest Note - processingRun interest note AXAPTA: AR Periodic Interest & collection

54、letter Interest calculationInterest Note - processingResult AXAPTA: AR Periodic Interest & collection letter Interest noteInterest Note - processingPrint and postInterest Note - processingThen postInterest Note - processingIn the example, if the invoice is still overdue after 15 days, another intere

55、st note is createdProcess continue until the invoice is finally settledMicrosoft Axapta 3.0 Financial Series IIMonth-end & year-endMonth end1.Set appropriate “module status” to avoid other user from other departments post transactions to the period under month-end processing2.Run the required period

56、ic jobs (e.g. collection letter, interest note, exchange adjustment, settlement, bank reconciliation, inventory closing, etc) that potentially generate ledger transactions3.After ensuring all the transactions are entered, set the period to “stopped” (to prevent postings to the closing month)Month en

57、d4. Print the required reports (e.g. P&L, balance sheet, reconciliation with ledger reports)5. If adjustments are required, re-open period of the month and perform adjustment (e.g. via GL)Year end - setupGL parameters setupIf a years closing has been performed before, should the system reverse the o

58、ld closing and create new voucher? Or create new voucher for the change only?Should the system create a specific “closing transaction” for the year end? Or only “opening” transaction is created?Should the system create “opening” and/or “closing” transactions by dimensions?Should the system check whe

59、ther user has entered voucher number when closing? Or it can be empty (since this is not a normal transaction)?Year end - setup-Pre-specify “Retained earning” account AXAPTA: GL Setup Postings System accounts “Year end result” type account (may also specify when doing year-end)Year end - processing1

60、.Set appropriate “module status” to avoid other user from other departments post transactions to the period under month-end processing2.Run the required periodic jobs (e.g. collection letter, interest note, exchange adjustment, settlement, bank reconciliation, inventory closing, etc) that potentiall

61、y generate ledger transactions3.After ensuring all the transactions are entered, set all the periods of the closing fiscal year to “stopped” (to prevent any further postings to the closing year) ; create new fiscal year if not exists alreadyYear end - processing4.Create opening transactions AXAPTA:

62、GL Period Fiscal year closing Opening transactions = so the P&L balances are transferred to retained earning / the system opening transactions for balance accountsYear end - processing5.Print out P&L , Balance sheets and various reports for checking6.If adjustment is required, re-open the last “normal” period of the year and perform adjustment (e.g. via GL)7.Repeat the steps as appropriate8.Note: depending on setting (if set to “reject copies within fiscal year) some companies would reset the vouchers number sequences to start from 1 for new fiscal year journal entry