大学生海外留学文书写作话语分析及优化——以申请TESOL专业为例论文设计

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1、大学生海外留学文书写作话语分析及优化以申请TESOL专业为例摘 要本文试图以TESOL为例，从PS文书结构，中西方文化差异，以及TESOL专业中的批判性思维来对申请文书的撰写进行研究。本文先是通过背景调查发现目前留学读硕处于上升趋势，而大部分申请者因为文化差异和专业知识匮乏存在不少问题。为了解决这一问题，本文首先罗列了文献中其他作者对这一现象的研究，其中包括介绍PS的三个要点：字数限制，文章框架结构，以及几点原则；从宏观和微观的角度分析个人陈述的体裁；从批判性思维入手分析个人陈述中应体现的思辨能力。接着，收集了中外学生的个人陈述并做了对比，从宏观和微观两个方面，研究和分析了个人陈述撰写的语步和

2、语言特征；并通过访问对正处于TESOL专业学习的学生的思辨能力进行了分析和研究。最后，总结了研究结果，提出了对大学生海外留学文书写作话语的优化有帮助的建议。本文旨在借此探索，为今后的申请文书写作提供借鉴和参考。希望中国学生能够用地道且优美的英语表现自我，从而实现留学梦。关键词：申请文书；文本类型理论；写作建议AbstractThis paper attempts to take TESOL as an example to study the writing of application documents from the perspective of PS document structu

3、re, cultural differences between China and the west, and critical thinking in TESOL. Based on the background investigation, this paper finds that currently, the number of overseas master's degree programs is on the rise, and most of the applicants have many problems due to cultural differences a

4、nd lack of professional knowledge. In order to solve this problem, this paper firstly lists the research on this phenomenon by other authors in the literature, including three important points about PS: word limit, article frame structure, and some principles; Analyze the genre of personal statement

5、 from macro and micro perspectives; Analyze the critical thinking ability in personal statement from critical thinking. Then, this paper collects the personal statements of Chinese and foreign students and makes a comparison. From the macro and micro aspects, it studies and analyzes the language ste

6、ps and language features of the writing of personal statements. The critical thinking ability of TESOL students was analyzed and studied. Finally, it summarizes the research results and puts forward some helpful Suggestions for the optimization of college students' writing discourse. The purpose

7、 of this paper is to explore and provide references for the writing of application documents in the future. The author hopes that Chinese students can express themselves in authentic and beautiful English so as to realize their dream of studying abroad. Key words: application documents; text type th

8、eory; writing advice IIContents摘 要IAbstractIIChapter One Introduction11.1 Research Background11.2 Task Description1Chapter Two Literature Review32.1 Requirements and Principles of PS32.1.1 The Basic Framework32.1.2 A Few Principles of PS52.2 Structure of Personal Statement from Macro Level62.2.1 The

9、oritical basis72.2.2 Integration with the TESOL Discipline72.3 Linguistic Features of Personal Statement from Micro Level82.4 Critical Thinking8Chapter Three Research Methodology113.1 Analyze the Structure of Personal Statement from Macro Level113.2.1 The Research Questions113.2.2 The Reasearch Desi

10、gns113.2.3 Participants113.2.4 Move Structure113.2.5 Frequency Comparison of Verbal Steps123.2.6 Use Language Steps with Large Differences in Frequency133.2 Analyze the Linguistic Features of Personal Statement from Micro Level153.3.1 Linguistic Features153.3 Trend of Critical Thinking Disposition o

11、f Chinese TESOL Postgraduates163.3.1 The Research Questions163.3.2 The Research Designs163.3.3 Participants173.3.5 Instruments for Quantitative Research173.3.6 Instruments for qualitative research183.3.6 Ethical Issues18Chapter Four Results and discussion204.1 Discussion about the Result and Some Su

12、ggestions204.3 Suggestions about How to Show Uniqueness204.3 Suggestions for Chinese TESOL Students to Develop Critical Thinking214.4 Summary22Conclusion22References24 Chapter One IntroductionTESOL means that teaching english to speakers of other languages, which has the topic of exploring the teach

13、ing methods and theories of English, in order to standardize the method. TESOL students, are mostly engaged in English teaching in primary schools, middle schools and universities after graduation, and teachers make an important role in influencing the development of students' critical thinking

14、ability. When applying for TESOL major, foreign students must figure out their learning objectives, explain their understanding of the course, and explain their value for research and communication. The writing of the application documents is an important part for these applicants to apply for study

15、ing abroad, and according to these, the university that the applicant wants to attend can know and examine the applicant's learning motivation, English level, expression ability and thinking ability. Therefore, the application documents are extremely important.1.1 Research Background In the last

16、 30 years, Chinese just had limited approaches to go abroad because of poor transportation conditions and complicated intermediary procedures. It was difficult to imagine the life of another country. However, the living condition of China consistently improved which let studying abroad more affordab

17、le to most of the people, as the dramatic development of Chinas economy after reform and opening-up policy carried out in 1978. Additionally, the developed network and educations prosperity which sharply improved citizens English ability made Chinese have a better understanding of the whole world. W

18、hats more, some English-speaking countries are regarded as English-language centers of education and research by lots of English majors and teachers, which increasingly let the number of people who go there for postgraduate studies. Due to the professionalism and practicality, TESOL has become one o

19、f the most popular fields of study. However, due to some factors such as non-English majors lack English writing skills and domestic applicants know little about the requirements of foreign universities, they will copy some templates to produce low-quality documents. As the result, they will not imp

20、ress professors at foreign universities with appropriate translation skills.1.2 Task DescriptionThis thesis involves five parts. The first part is the introduction which concludes the background of this research from the perspective of social development, higher education policy and the current situ

21、ation of Chinese students study tendency, and then the reasons for doing this research are listed. The structure of the thesis is stated at the end of this part. The second part is literature review which focuses on requirements and principles of personal statements, the theoretical basis of persona

22、l statement from macro and micro level, the need of critical thinking around TESOL majors students with some related researches of critical thinking abroad and at home, and knowledge gaps.The third part is research methodology which is applied to analyse the structure and linguistic feature of perso

23、nal statement from a comparative study and gain the critical thinking which the foreign universities prefer learning experiences of participants through quantitative and qualitative method. It covers research questions, research designs and ethical issues.The forth part is the conclution of these tw

24、o research, showing the results and discussion in which the data is analyzed and the comparison is showed with the above literature. Suggestions rise from the conclution about how to write a perfect personal statement are collected and a sample is showed as well. Chapter Two Literature Review2.1 Req

25、uirements and Principles of PS2.1.1 The Basic FrameworkFirstly, the number of words and format.Although most schools do not have a rule on the number of PS words, generally the number of written PS words in the 800-1200 is appropriate, too much will let the school teachers lose patience, while too l

26、ittle will let the teachers feel that the applicants are not very serious. Admissions officers at British universities have talked of being bored with lengthy PS sessions during the peak application season, when they typically spend only two or three minutes reviewing a PS file in the face of a moun

27、tain of paperwork. Admissions officers read a lot of applications every day, and only simple, powerful, focused essays can impress them. Study abroad document is the advertisement of applicant individual actually, the advertisement of deep impression which is not concise and powerful? Chinese applic

28、ants tend to tell admissions officers about their strengths regardless of their priorities, which can lead to a blurry overall impression of you. Secondly, focusing on the basic framework.The reason you prefer this major:Use 50 to 100 words to explain the origin of your interests, the influence of y

29、our family background and atmosphere on you, and provide a small example of your interest in the major or field. Generally speaking, it is easier for teachers to see a student's academic potential when applying for an undergraduate degree. If the major you are applying for is not your undergradu

30、ate major, then please elaborate on your motivation, purpose, and interest in the origin of the process, and to be able to complete the study, to use specific examples, not empty talk.Take TESOL as an example. You can write about who influenced you to be interested in pedagogy, or about one of your

31、volunteer teaching activities that made you interested in it. Experiences are best experienced in the last few years, not too far away, which is more convincing. If none of this is available, you can also write about how you taught your slides in class presentations in other disciplines, and what in

32、spired you to become interested in TESOL.Undergraduate Study Prformance and Ability:Applicants can write about excellent performance in class, such as strong understanding ability, quick response, and quick acceptance of new knowledge. You can also include presentations, projects, and experiments th

33、at performed well. This is not a straight talk, it is better to include the difficulties encountered, the solution process, the ability to highlight the ability to develop. Generally one or two specific examples can be proved. Then write down your contributions or achievements in your major and your

34、 certificates. If the major is not the applicant's college major, then explain his efforts in this field and his self-study experience in this field (reading books, attending lectures, attending training, obtaining certificates, etc.).For the TESOL major, the applicant can list the outstanding s

35、peech experience in a certain class, the experience must be specific, such as what things reflect the applicant what excellent qualities, the certificate can list the teacher qualification certificate, speech contest certificate, etc.Extracurricular Activities:Academic activities, competitions or st

36、udent union activities during the undergraduate period to demonstrate the applicants' comprehensive abilities, such as competitiveness, leadership, teamwork and ability to bear pressure. Use specific examples, such as the name of the competition, the role (for example, captain), what you are res

37、ponsible for, and so on. Write about at least one competition or academic or extracurricular activity that has had a significant impact on you, such as participating in a student union or student association.Social Practice:Social activities and practices, internships, and work experience to demonst

38、rate the applicant's practical ability or job potential. Write the name, time period and place of the practice unit. Not only that, to write the practical work process, including the job position and responsibilities: such as the project done, encountered difficulties, solutions, whether the ind

39、ependent solution and innovation ability, best reflect the difference between others (team work ability, leadership and organization ability, communication and coordination ability, technical ability); Achievement and evaluation of work. If there is a foreign study, work, exchange of information, wr

40、itten will give the applicant a lot of grace. TESOL major pays special attention to teaching experience, which will make their own writing more competitive.School Selection and Planning:Applicants should write down the reasons for choosing the school. Check out the school's website to find out w

41、hat kind of talent the school is looking for. Speak your own opinion and try to avoid stereotyping. Then talk about their plans, choose to study in the school of this major will have any role in their future growth or career, you can also write about their career plans. Be realistic and don't br

42、ag, unless the applicant has been accumulating for a long time. 32.1.2 A Few Principles of PSEveryone is unique. There are no two identical people in the world. Each person's understanding is determined by his natural aptitude, family background, books he has read, people he has met, places he h

43、as been, preferences and experiences. So there is no need to imitate others too much, everyone is a beautiful scenery. School teachers have to see the unique side of their students. So, applicants should never look for other people's experience from the internet, or copy the experience of previo

44、us applicants, which may be old or be used for many times? to leave a bad impression on the teacher.Authenticity and Relevance:Applicants should not try to find their own unique points, or even make up some strange things, the results are often in the opposite direction, many Chinese applicants tend

45、 to write long paragraphs about some irrelevant personality, in the eyes of the admissions, it is completely irrelevant. The purpose must be clear. PS is such a short article of hundreds of words is no place to say not to seek understanding, strict in clear. In terms of vividness, in order to make l

46、iterary works easy to understand, the vividness of scientific works can be increased under certain circumstances. The vividness of literary language should be mainly manifested in that it can make the dull into the active, the silent into the sound, and the boring into the interesting.Be Specific:Be

47、 specific, not abstract. While it is important to tell the story of the applicant's own achievements, it is more attractive to explain how to overcome difficulties and face setbacks bravely. Then there is spiritual growth. The lessons learned from the difficulties encountered and the character h

48、oned. It's important to have a clear goal, but if it's flat out boring, it's best to be dramatic, like a Hollywood movie, where you go through a lot of obstacles and challenges to reach your goal.Cultural Factors:Many foreigners don't know much about Chinese culture, so don't use

49、 too many Chinese English terms, such as China's Cultural Revolution. Unless these words do not affect the meaning of the text, keep them to a minimum. If you have to write this down, comment it out later. This can let the school teacher know better. Try not to write things that everyone knows.

50、Because a lot of people will write something like that. A school teacher in the UK came to new Oriental and said that so many people wrote about the Wenchuan earthquake that when they read such articles, they were a little reluctant to read them.The Language Itself:Don't make grammatical mistake

51、s, use concise, powerful language, be able to make things clear, and don't use obscure words. At the same time, the language should not be too gorgeous, too much decoration. Don't copy others' content. If the applicant is a liberal arts major, you can write beautifully, but don't aff

52、ect the meaning of the expression. As for the sentence structure, do not be too complicated and do not use simple sentences. Fit is good.Outstanding Ability:After reading the PS, the teacher wants to see the following qualities or potential of the applicant. Academic potential, team spirit, innovati

53、on, imagination, maturity, leadership, communication skills, problem analysis and problem solving skills, passion to learn the major, career planning, critical thinking. A PS article can't bring out all the above traits, and an applicant can't stand out in all of them. Applicants just need t

54、o show a few things that give them an edge.In a word, PS writing is a very important part of the application for studying abroad, which should never be written hastily or randomly. If PS writing is good, it can make up for the defect of low GPAL. If PS writing is not good, GPA is not an advantage, g

55、enerally speaking, the application is difficult to succeed. Although there is no set formula or fixed content for PS, the above writing framework and principles can help applicants to write PS without bias. PS is an article, an article with a clear purpose, its purpose is to make unique people think

56、 that the applicant is a good enough person, since as an article, it has the structure and format of the article, there should be a center, that is, the theme. PS is also another form of argumentation, the need to demonstrate that the applicant has enough ability. The experience and the research are

57、 good arguments. The above principles chould be more referable to some predecessors model. Find out what topics the other applicants have chosen.(Wang, 2013:116+118)2.2 Structure of Personal Statement from Macro LevelTo explore the genre of discourse structure and the differences between Chinese and

58、 western thinking, as reflected in this article from a cross-cultural perspective, first through the "liberal education" to explore the genre of foreign articles, again with genre analysis theory, and from the aspects of macroscopic and microscopic contrast Chinese applicants and the appli

59、cant's personal statement in English in English countries, aims to help Chinese students to learn more about the genre structure of the personal statement and language points, improve the level of English writing.2.2.1 Theoretical BasisGenre, as a classification of communicative events, is "

60、;a group of communicative events with a common communicative purpose". Genre involves a variety of factors, including the discourse itself, the people involved in verbal communication, the function of the discourse, the environment in which the discourse is produced and received. Swales pointed

61、 out that a text is composed of moves, each step serves a specific purpose in the text, and each step is composed of a series of steps(1990: 45-48). It is helpful for language teaching to analyze genre as a series of steps. On this basis, Bhatia makes a further interpretation, believing that the lan

62、guage step reflects the structure and organization of the genre(1993: 30-56). Each language step serves a specific communicative purpose, and each communicative purpose serves the overall communicative purpose of the genre. It can be seen that the move structure starting from steps and steps is a ve

63、ry important aspect of genre analysis, which can help the writer grasp the macro structure of the text.2.2.2 Integration with the TESOL DisciplineFirst of all, applicants need to read the writing instructions for the school they are applying to and understand the main points of the questions. Do not

64、 write unnecessary sentences, do not leave out the necessary information, and do it in the required number of words. The article should have a clear topic, do not digress, talk about something irrelevant. Materials need to be structured around the topic. It is advisable to focus on TESOL and write a

65、bout your own experiences and research questions.It is suggested to write in three modules: the first part, background introduction, the second part, reasons for choosing this university and this major, and the third part, the future study abroad research plan.Successful statements never deviate fro

66、m the simple self-introduction. These two topics introduce themselves and describe their potential as a competitive candidate. Analyze their resume, personal history, and memories. Highlighting major accomplishments, turning points, and events that touch on the subject of the applicant's career.2.3 L