大学英语全新版 第三第4单元

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1、Before Reading 1. Story of Extraterrestrials Invading EarthListen to the StoryQuestions about the Story2. Background Information 3. Warm-up ExercisesIssac AsimovVenus The Solar System Space Exploration US Federal GovernmentListen to the Story Questions about the Story 1. How did the Earthlings fight

2、 against the invasion of the An-vils? Were they successful?They fought with bullets, ordinary bombs, super-atom bombs, gases and bacteria, but they failed.Questions about the Story 2. What was Knowall by profession? What tricks did he use to drive away the invaders? Was he successful?Knowall was a p

3、sychiatrist, a doctor treating mental illness. At first he filled the An-vils with human emotions so that they would fight each other. He didnt succeed. Then he made them feel homesick. This time his trick worked.Questions about the Story 3. How come all the An-vils rose up from Earth at a given sig

4、nal one day and flew back to their own star?They were made to feel homesick, a strong desire to fly back to where they had started.Issac Asimov Issac Asimov (19201992) was a Russian-born American writer and scientist. He was a distinguished biochemist, but is more widely known as the author of many

5、works of science fiction, books on science for non-scientists, and essays on a wide variety of subjects. Among his best-known science fiction is I, Robot (1950) and the Foundation trilogy (19511953). Building on Karel Capeks concept of the robot, in 1941 Asimov coined the term robotics. Astronomers

6、refer to Venus as the Earths sister planet. Both are similar in size, mass, density and volume. However, Venus is very different from the Earth. It has no oceans and is surrounded by a heavy atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide with The Solar System The nine planets in the solar system are p

7、laced in order of mass in the first picture. The numbers in the first picture indicate their positions in the solar system. Drag the numbers to their corresponding planets.Jupiter 木星木星 Neptune 海王星海王星Earth地球地球Saturn 土星土星Venus 金星金星Uranus天王星天王星Mars火星火星Mercury水星水星Pluto冥王星冥王星key1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 45

8、6789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto S U N Space Exploration 1. Introduction2. Soviet/Russian Space Program3. US Space Pro

9、gram4. Chinas First Man in Space Introduction Space exploration was made possible by advances in rocket technology. It began during the cold war when the Soviet Union launched the first space satellite.Soviet/Russian Space Program The Soviet Union launched Sputnik I in Oct. 1957. And the space race

10、began. Soviet cosmonauts chopped up a list of firsts: Yuri Gagarin, pilot of Vostok 1, the first human in space; Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space. Through the 1970s and 80s the Following the Soviet Sputnik I, in 1958 US sent into space the first artificial satellite Explorer I. Four ye

11、ars later, John Glenn became the first American in orbit. In 1961US Space Program President Kennedy proposed the Apollo programme to achieve a manned lunar landing by 1970, and in 1969 it came true.US Space Program Astronauts Neil Armstrong,Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins knew that their Apollo miss

12、ion was one with a difference. Their destination was the moon. As millions watched, the mighty Saturn V Apollo 11 lifted off. On course for the moon, the lunar excursion module (登月舱) Eagle was released. The world watched as the Eagle approached the surface of the moon. As Neil Armstrong and Buzz Ald

13、rin performed those first memorable moments of lunar dancing, the significance of their In 1981 the USA launched a space shuttle, the first reusable space craft, but its commercial and scientific programme was interrupted for two years by the explosion of Challenger in 1986. (After an apparently per

14、fect lift-off, the tenth flight of the space shuttle ends in tragedy.)US Space Program Chinas first man in space Chinas Long March CZ-2 F rocket, carrying the manned spacecraft Shenzhou V, blasts off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the northwestern province of Gansu on October 15, 2003.

15、China became the third country after the former Soviet Union and the US Federal Government The US federal government is divided into three separate, but equally powerful branches: the legislative (which writes the laws); the executive (which carries out the laws); and the judicial (which reviews the

16、 way laws are applied). The separation of powers also allows for a system of checks and balances within the government. Each branch is given certain control over the other two, which balances the power and keeps the potential for abuse of power in check. US Federal Governmentexecutivelegislativemake

17、 the lawjudicialenforce the law1.2.3.5.6.can suggest and veto legislation1. can override (越过越过, 不考虑不考虑) a veto2. can impeach (弹劾弹劾) presidentappoint the justicescan force the President to follow the laws with no appealInterpret the law4.pass a new lawcan rule laws unconstitutional (违反宪法的违反宪法的) The P

18、resident is the chief executive, or chief administrator, of the United States. His job is to manage all of the people who work in the executive branch and to make sure the laws ofthe nation are enforced. He is also the foremost representative of the nation and head of the diplomatic corps (外交使团外交使团)

19、. In addition, he has certain legislative and judicial powers. For example, he may suggest legislation to Congress that he feels will improve the “state of the union” and may also veto (reject) legislation that he feels should not become law. He nominates (任命，指派任命，指派) Supreme Court justices (judges)

20、 and is also the commander in chief (总司令总司令) of the United States Armed Forces. The Constitution specifies that there shall be two separate legislative bodies - the House of Representatives and the Senate. Together they are called the Congress. The two bodies of Congress worktogether to make the law

21、s and regulations for the country. Before a new law can be made, both houses have to pass it, and it must then have the approval of the President. In a system of government based on a series of checks and balances, the two houses of Congress act as a check on each other, as well as together forming

22、a check on the powers of the executive branch, especially the President. The judicial branch of US federal government operates the system of law courts. The Supreme Court in Washington, D.C. is the highest court in the US, and is very powerful. It is made up of nine judges who are called justices. T

23、here are one chief justice and eight associate justices. Traditionally, they are called the nine old men, although there has been one woman justice. TheSupreme Court Judges are appointed by the President with Senates approval. They may serve for life or until they wish to retire. Warm-up Exercises 1

24、. Word-web 2. Group Work 3. Text Prediction Word-webE.T.flying saucer invasionadvancedalienUFOweirdabductionuniverse flying discouter spaceMartiangalaxyThink of as many words and phrases as possible about Extraterrestrials (E.T.) Group Work 1.Divide the class into groups. Imagine where, when and how

25、 you met an E.T, and what happened during the encounter. A group secretary takes notes. 2.Based on the notes, a group writer writes a story of about 100 words, and a group illustrator draws a few pictures to illustrate the story. 3.Other group members make revisions. 4.Each group sends a Dictation r

26、elated to the text Write down what you hear about the beginning of the text.No extraterrestrials will ever land on Earth any more. It was all Bart Camerons error. That day while he was buried in his complicated income tax form, Bart Cameron got awfully irritable. And just then the flying saucer land

27、ed. Text Prediction Prediction of the story The following pictures illustrate what happened next in the story. With the beginning part you have just written down, you are given five minutes to work in pairs to make up as many questions as possible about what happened next in the story. Text Predicti

28、onGlobal Reading1. Part Division of the Text 2. True or False 3. Further UnderstandingFor Part 2 Table CompletionPart Division of the TextParts Lines Main Ideas 1 2 178126The narrator claims that no extraterrestrials will ever land on Earth.The narrator gives an account of his encounter with extrate

29、rrestrials, making it clear why he claims that they will return no more.True or False1. Bart Cameron was a very bitter man.2. Cameron was so absorbed in his income tax form that he wanted to dismiss the two strangers as quickly as possible.3. The Venusian said, “ We have had your people under observ

30、ation a long time.” By “your people”, the Venusian meant people in Bart Camerons town.TFF( )( )( )The Venusian meant the people in U.S. or the human beings on Earth.Not always. Bart Cameron became very bitter when he had to work up his complex income tax.4. When the Venusian said they were indeed fo

31、reigners, he meant that they came from other countries.6. Bart Cameron mistook the word “Venus” for “Venice” simply because the two words sound very much alike.He meant they were not from America or any other country on Earth but from the outer space.FF5. The Venusians came to invite U.S.A. to join

32、their organization.T( ) ( )( )It was because Bart Cameron had judged the Venusians as Italians by their appearance. So everything they said sounded Italian to him. Therefore, he mistook Venus for Venice, a watery place in Italy.Table Completion The main body of the story can be divided into four sec

33、tions according to time sequence. Please write down the paragraph numbers of each section and give its main plots. Sections Paragraphs Main Plots2 611451 (before the E.T.s arrival) Bart got quite irritable because of his complicated tax form.(the landing of the flying saucer)The narrator was shocked

34、 at the sight of a flying saucer landing on Earth and two men getting out ofit, while Bart didnt notice it at all.Sections Paragraphs Main Plots4 354812343 (after the E.T.s departure)Unaware of the guests identity and caught up with his tax form, Bart talked to the guests with an impatient and sarca

35、stic tone and turned down their request rudely. Their conversation ended with the guests promise of not coming back.(the meeting with the E.T.) After the E.T. left, the narrator got mad at Bart because of his irrational attitude to the guests. Bart didnt realize his stupid error until it wastoo late

36、.1. Listening and Discussion 2. Speech Style 3. Role Play4. Useful Expressions5. Expository Essay Writing Review of How to Write an Expository Essay (1)After ReadingHow to Write an Expository Essay (2)6.Proverbs and QuotationsHomework 1. Discuss the following questions.1) Do you think the story soun

37、ds plausible? Why or why not?2) Do you think there exist extraterrestrials? Give reasons.3) If there were intelligent groups of beings like ourselves existing somewhere, why do you think we havent heard from them? Listening and Discussion There is no hard evidence at present that life exists other t

38、han on the Earth. Most UFOs have been satisfactorily explained as being natural or man-made, and the Viking missions to Mars were inconclusive in testing for the existence of life on that planet. Nevertheless, searches have been and are being made for signs that life has arisen in other parts of the

39、 universe. Certain knowledge that life either is confined to planet Earth or has been found elsewhere would have the profoundest philosophical implications for mankind. Factors contributing to any assessment of the probability that life exists elsewhere must include Listening and Discussion Listen t

40、o the recording and fill in the blanks with what you hear. Difficult words and phrases:pessimistically, civilization, over vast distances, inevitably, weapons of mass destruction, evolve, carbon molecules, silicon It has been rather suggested that when a civilization anywhere in the universe becomes

41、 enough to, say, develop radio telescopes or the ability to by radio over vast distances, that level of technology almost inevitably is close to . This is true. It could be an answer to the question why we havent heard from other forms of life. pessimistically_advanced_communicate_atom bombs or simi

42、lar weapons of mass destructiondestroying itself by_ Listening and Discussion Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks with what you hear. Difficult words and phrases:pessimistically, civilization, over vast distances, inevitably, weapons of mass destruction, evolve, carbon molecules, silicon

43、Its also possible that A really advanced civilization might have gone beyond biology to develop machine intelligence. They may have evolved not from carbon molecules as we did, but from silicon, . But you dont have to go to silicon. You could have other kinds of carbon-based organic life and still b

44、e living.an intelligent civilization might havemore in common with our machines than ourselves._the samekind of silicon thats the basis of computer technology_from life on this planet as we know itwhich could be very very different_ Listening and Discussion Listen to the recording and fill in the bl

45、anks with what you hear. Difficult words and phrases:pessimistically, civilization, over vast distances, inevitably, weapons of mass destruction, evolve, carbon molecules, silicon Today Earth is still the only place where we know for sure that life exists. . But there could be life out there. If it

46、could be shown that life evolved somewhere, anywhere our own home planet, then life on Earth would never be the same again.that we know aboutHuman kind has the only intelligent civilization_beyond doubt_other than_1. Look at the following sentences and browse the text to Say what you want to say qui

47、ckly and briefly.Spit it out.I have only one close relative, my wife.My people? All I gots a wife.Are you foreigners?You guys foreigners?I want you to leave right now.Get the hell out of here.2. Find in the text the sentences of the two Venusians. In what way can they be put more colloquially? Speec

48、h Stylefind how the sheriff expressed these ideas. 3. Compare the speech style of the sheriff with that of the two Venusians and fill in the blanks with the words given in the brackets. (Some of the words may not be used.)casual, informal, formally, active, passive, long, short, colloquial, elaborat

49、e, shortened, complete, incomplete, learned Sheriff Cameron usually spoke in a manner. Perhaps his town was so small that he knew all the townsfolk, therefore speech was proper. His sentences were , , and sometimes . He preferred phrases to single, words. He liked forms and abbreviations, with an oc

50、casional curse. But for once, he spoke . It was when he heard that the two strangers were foreigners and he tried to fulfill the duty of a government officer.informal_short_casual_colloquial_incomplete_learned_shortened_formally_Speech Style 3. Compare the speech style of the sheriff with that of th

51、e two Venusians and fill in the blanks with the words given in the brackets. (Some of the words may not be used.casual, informal, formally, active, passive, long, short, colloquial, elaborate, shortened, complete, incomplete, learned The Venusians spoke . Their sentences were and involved (复杂的), the

52、ir word choice . They used voices and “if ” structures. Perhaps it was because they believe in the utter importance of their mission, or they might not have learned to speak freely in a strange tongue.long_Speech Styleelaborate_formally_passive_Divide the class into groups and do the role play based

53、 on the plot of the story in Text A. Or change the plot of the story in Text A and do a role play accordingly. Role PlayModleSuppose Cameron happens to be away when the Venusians come to visit his office. His deputy tries to handle the situation. When he learns that the Venusians are ready to help h

54、umans, he proceeds to discuss with them some of the problems on Earth - pollution, the rapid exhaustion of natural resources, overpopulation, etc. - and seek their advice about solutions.Useful Expressions1. on account of由于由于2. a general store杂货铺杂货铺3. a sheep ranch牧羊场牧羊场4. insist on doing sth非得，坚持非得

55、，坚持5. a flying saucer飞碟飞碟Useful Expressions6. be backed up against背靠着背靠着7. knock off下班下班8. hit the sack上床睡觉上床睡觉9. a shooting star流星流星10. bug ones eyes瞪大双眼瞪大双眼11. a dark complexion深色皮肤深色皮肤12. have under observation观察观察13. spit out有话直说有话直说14. go for喜欢喜欢15. regardless of不论不论Useful Expressions16. at sb.

56、s service为为 效劳效劳17. a hurry-up message加快信，快件加快信，快件18. go to pieces气坏了气坏了19. recover ones wits回过神回过神20. make like假装，装扮作假装，装扮作Useful Expressions21. knock down击倒，撞倒击倒，撞倒22. The breath goes out of sb.气都喘不出来了气都喘不出来了23. take off起飞起飞24. fade out逐渐消失逐渐消失Useful ExpressionsReview of How to Write an Expository

57、 Essay (1)Unit 3, Book 1 has given us two tips about the writing of expository essays. They are :1. Narrowing the scope of discussion, which means we have to our discussion to a manageable topic rather than fighting with a too general or broad one.2. Making clear our attitude toward the subject, eg.

58、, clearly our attitude so as not to leave the readers with a vague idea of our opinion.limit/narrow/boil down/reduce_stating/expressing/presenting_ To make our exposition both instructive and interesting, it is advisable to illustrate the discussion by giving concrete examples and details. Vivid ill

59、ustrations light up abstract ideas and make them clear, intriguing, memorable and convincing. Read the following paragraphs and answer the questions.How to Write an Expository Essay (2)1Preparing Enough Material Childhood was an illusion and the illusion was this: everything was bigger. No, I mean e

60、verything, not just houses and shops and grown-ups, but colours and flowers and journeys, especially journeys which seemed endless. “Are we there yet, Daddy?” Funfairs were huge things that spread for miles around you with noise and lights and exciting danger. Rainy days at home when you were ill se

61、emed to last for ever. Being an adult yourself was an unthinkable distant possibility. Every sound was louder, every game was grander, every pain unbearable. As Ive grown old, life has become smaller. Flavours have dulled. Surprises have turned into shocks. Days go by unsavoured. How can I recapture

62、 childhood when it was an illusion?How to Write an Expository Essay (2)How to Write an Expository Essay (2)Questions :1) What does the author mean by saying “everything was bigger”?When he was young, his senses seemed sharper and everything around him seemed bigger.2) What examples does the author u

63、se to make his point well understood?Houses, shops and grown-ups were bigger;Colors and flowers were brighter;Journeys were longer;Funfairs were bigger, noisier and more dangerous;Rainy days at home when you were ill were longer;Every sound was louder, every game grander, every pain more unbearable.

64、How to Write an Expository Essay (2)3) What is the authors attitude toward childhood and adult life? Do you think the examples help to clarify it?The detailed examples very much vividly depict a childs perception of the world around him and helps greatly to reveal the authors nostalgic feeling of th

65、e childhood days and his disappointment in adult life.2. Dramatizing the Issue If we can present the issue of our topic in the way which catches and holds the readers imagination, it will be much easier to draw the reader into our exposition. For example, on a serious topic as sexism (性别歧视性别歧视) in C

66、hina, we may start by listing the statistics illustrating the inequality between men and women. However, it can be quite novel if we begin, for example, by discussing some terms such as “爱妻牌洗衣爱妻牌洗衣机机”, “女强人女强人” and use them as examples of sexism in our language. And it can be equally effective to present the problem by telling the story of a particular person or family. This would very quickly and dramatically get the readers attention.How to Write an Expository Essay (2)Write an essay entitled