数字图像分析及应用

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1、网络多媒体小组数字图像分析及应用实例2021-12-10网络多媒体小组2内容提要2021-12-102数字图像概念数字图像分析原理步骤数字图像分析应用实例2021-12-10网络多媒体小组3数字图像概念2021-12-103数字图像：将模拟图象通过采样离散化得到数字图像，便于计算机处理。2021-12-10网络多媒体小组4介绍常见词像素RGB灰色图像彩色图像2021-12-10网络多媒体小组5像素像素像素：组成数字图像的元素。每一个像素的坐标对应特定的图像网格位置。像素的数值反映图像中对应位置的亮度。像素2021-12-10网络多媒体小组6RGB颜色空间之一-RGB蓝青品红红黑白绿黄归一化的R

2、GB颜色立方图2021-12-10网络多媒体小组7灰度图像（单色图像）灰度图像（单色图像）每个像素的亮度用一个数值来表示，通常数值范围在0到255之间（一个字节），0表示黑、255表示白，而其它表示灰度。255200100500125,153,158,157,127,0,103,120,129,144,144,150,150,147,150,160,165,160,164,16,67,175,175,166,133, 133,154,158,100,116,120, 97, 74, 54, 4,118,146,148,150,145,157,164,157,158,162,165,171,15

3、5,115, 88, 155,163,95,112,123,101,137,108,81,71,63, 137,142,146,152,159,161,159,154,138, 81, 78, 84,114, 167, 69, 85, 59, 65, 43, 85, 34, 69, 78,104,101,117,132,134,149,160,165,158,143,114, 99, 57, 45, 51, 57, 54, 46, 38, 44, 38, 36, 44, 36, 25,48,115,113,114,124,135,152,168,169,156, 75, 43, 39, 41,

4、 38, 42, 41, 58, 30, 44, 35, 28, 69,144,147, 57, 60, 93,106,119,124,131,144,175,177, 63, 30, 30,124,139, 65, 31, 39, 61, 35, 75, 51, 66, 58,167,177,153, 58, 80, 95,108,120,133,155,182,137, 84, 74, 54, 61,149, 96, 36, 29,115, 71, 84,105, 6,136,172,175,128,126,114,106,109,115,127,169,187,105,102, 5,11

5、7,120,131,148,144,113,112,109,115,128,162,193,143,132,124,110,131, 97, 53,66,129,123,128,114,108,115,102,121,129,125,113,112,111,111,127,162,192,150,129,117,112,107, 64, 67, 73, 131,125,112,105, 95, 88, 33,139,132,127,128,134,136,144,140,141,113,120,114,115,122,154,188,159,143, 6,138,143,145,138,143

6、,143,141,144,129,118,119,115,112,120,152,186,165,150,139,128,117,109,104, 93, 140,146,147,145,150,154,147,149,143,132,127,124,117,112,117,142,184,171,144,139,129,119,114,112,100135,143,145,151,150,143,146,142,139,131,131,127,119,115,114,140,190,177,141,135,133,121,120,115,102128,137,141,149,150,148,

7、143,141,136,128,120,122,116,109,116,136,182,182,140,135,130,124,116,109,100131,132,141,143,148,147,143,140,134,125,116,117,108,109,120,130,171,185,133,132,127,120,117,110, 36,131,139,136,140,141,140,136,132,121,114,117,109,106,112,130,163,192,130,126,131,132,132,136,140,134,135,128,117,110,113,111,1

8、10,112,129,151,196,155,130,127,120,115,103, 64, 127,132,130,128,134,134,140,132,126,110,102,117,118,114,112,121,152,195,165,123,128,117,115, 96, 36, 123,131,127,129,132,133,134,131,127,112,109,117,114,116,107,116,145,172,12021-12-10网络多媒体小组8彩色图像（255,0,0）（0,255,0）（0,0,255）（123,20,12）（12,135,67）(207,13

9、7,130) (220,179,163) (215,169,161) (210,179,172) (210,179,172) (207,154,146) (217,124,121) (226,144,133) (226,144,133) (224,137,124) (227,151,136) (227,151,136) (226,159,142) (227,151,136) (230,170,154) (231,178,163) (231,178,163) (231,178,163) (236,187,171) (236,187,171) (239,195,176) (239,195,176)

10、 (240,205,187) (239,195,176) (231,138,123) (217,124,121) (215,169,161) (216,179,170) (216,179,170) (207,137,120) (159, 51, 71) (189, 89,101) (216,111,110) (217,124,121) (227,151,136) (227,151,136) (226,159,142) (226,159,142) (237,159,135) (237,159,135) (231,178,163) (236,187,171) (231,178,163) (236,

11、187,171) (236,187,171) (236,187,171) (239,195,176) (239,195,176) (236,187,171) (227,133,118) (213,142,135) (216,179,170) (221,184,170) (190, 89, 89) (204,109,113) (204,115,118) (189, 85, 97) (159, 60, 78) (136, 38, 65) (160, 56, 75) (204,109,113) (227,151,136) (226,159,142) (237,159,135) (227,151,13

12、6) (230,170,154) (231,178,163) (230,170,154) (231,178,163) (231,178,163) (236,187,171) (239,195,176) (230,170,154) (204,109,113) (178, 73, 83) (216,179,170) (220,188,176) (190, 77, 84) (206, 95, 97) (217,113,113) (189, 85, 97) (226,144,133) (207, 91, 94) (170, 56, 72) (159, 51, 71) (150, 47, 67) (17

13、2, 63, 78) (226,144,133) (226,144,133) (227,151,136) (226,159,142)每个像素的亮度用一个一维向量来表示，各元素分别表示R、G、B通道，数值范围在0到255之间。2021-12-10网络多媒体小组9数字图像分析原理及步骤2021-12-10网络多媒体小组10预处理消除模糊图像去噪图像增强水平矫正2021-12-10网络多媒体小组11图像分割的方法1.基于边缘的分割方法 先提取区域边界，再确定边界限定的区域。2.区域分割 确定每个像素的归属区域，从而形成一个区域图。3.区域生长 将属性接近的连通像素聚集成区域2021-12-10网络多

14、媒体小组12基于边缘的分割方法边缘检测算子（如梯度算子）检测出边缘，再利用光栅跟踪或全向跟踪将边缘像素连成线2021-12-10网络多媒体小组13区域分割利用颜色灰度值判断某一像素点是否属于某特定区域1 , , 0 , f x yTg x yf x yT如果如果T（阈值）的确定取决于颜色分布直方图2021-12-10网络多媒体小组14区域分割2021-12-10网络多媒体小组15区域生长选定某一像素点，并规定相似性判断标准，如果相邻像素点的相似度达到要求，就将区域有这一点向相邻点生长。直到所有相邻点都不符合相似性要求。2021-12-10网络多媒体小组16对象识别方法模板匹配法神经网络法202

15、1-12-10网络多媒体小组17模板匹配模板输入图像2021-12-10网络多媒体小组18数字图像分析应用实例军事公安方面军事公安方面 指纹识别 人脸鉴别 交通监控生物医学工程方面生物医学工程方面 CT技术 癌细胞识别 心电图分析航天和航空技术方面航天和航空技术方面 飞机遥感 卫星遥感资源勘察2021-12-10182021-12-10网络多媒体小组19人脸识别2021-12-10网络多媒体小组20模板匹配法人脸识别待识别图像：图像库中图像：( , )f x y( , ),1,2.it x yiN相似性度量准则有： 归一化互相关(NC)： 平方差累加和(SSD)： 绝对差累加和(SAD)：,2

16、2 1/2, ( , ) ( , )( ( ,) ( , ) )iix yiiix yx yf x yft x ytcf x yft x yt2, ( , )( , )iix ycf x yt x y,|( , )( , )|iix ycf x yt x yyx2021-12-10网络多媒体小组21识别结果SAD差图像( , )it x y( , )f x y2021-12-10网络多媒体小组22Thank you!2021-12-10网络多媒体小组23RGB颜色分布直方图RGB颜色分布直方图：不同色彩在整幅图像中所占的比例，而并不关心每种色彩所处的空间位置。2021-12-10网络多媒体小组24梯度算子用梯度算子对图像进行处理可以得到图像的边缘