最全初中英语语法之-现在完成时和过去完成时教案

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1、现在完成时一. 用法：（1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。与一般过去时的区别 强调过去一般过去式强调对现在的影响-现在完成时。 试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）My mother went to Shanghai. Where is your mother? -She has gone to Shanghai. . I didnt have breakfast. I havent have breakfast yet. （

2、2）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、 yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（3）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 He has been in the army for ten years.I have studied English since 1980. （4）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种

3、经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times, ever, never等时间状语。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。I have been to Shanghai twice.She has watched this film three times.I have never seen more beautiful girl than she. 练 习1. 我已经在深圳住了十年。_2. 我的叔叔自从1960年以来都在寻找他的女儿。_3. 我踢足球已经有两年了。_4. 我自从1996年就认识

4、玛丽_5. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 6. Ive known him _ we were children. 7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 8. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 9. Its about ten years _ she left the city.二. 构成：(1) 肯定句： have / has done(2) 否定句：.have/has not done(3) 一

5、般疑问句： Have/ Has . done .? Yes, . have/has. No, .have/has not.(4) 常用的时间状语有：already“已经”肯定句的中间和末尾处never“从不”中间处ever“曾经”疑问句和肯定句的中间处just“刚刚”中间处yet “已经” 、“还”疑问句、否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.A. already和yet区别:I have already finished my homework. already用在_，位于_。 “已经”Have you finished your homework yet?

6、yet用在_和_中，位于_。“仍然，还，已经”B.for 与since区别: for +时间段 since+ 时间点 I have lived in Changchun_ two years. I have been here_7 oclock.用since和for填空 1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour 9. _ we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left

7、here 12, _ she was very young13. _ she was a child 14, _ more than twenty years 三. have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区别（一）.have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there)

8、 /at home (school) /on the farmhave been here (there) / abroad（二）.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如

9、：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。（三）.have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。 例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。练 习I. 用hav

10、e(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many time

11、s _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes,

12、 I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?14) _ they often

13、_ skating in winter? 四.注意现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。（就是说：有for或since 的句子里， 一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。例如：borrow keep,buy have,begin/start be on, die be dead,join be in/be amember of-，come/arrive be here/in, come/get back be back,go/leave be away(from),marry be married(to), 【练一

14、练】在现在完成时中，在与_和_引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常是用相应的_动词来代替_.例如：borrow _, buy _, begin/start _, die _, join _，come/arrive _ come/get back _,go/leave _,marry _, 练 习1) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 3) He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _

15、Fuzhou for five minutes. 4)He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 5）He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beiji

16、ng for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _

17、_ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed ， open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hou

18、rs.get up be up ， die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting fini

19、shed at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ f

20、or _ _.borrow keep ， lose not have ， buy have ， put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold ， get to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.

21、I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in1) He has gone to Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ f

22、or two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.巩 固 练 习一根据提示完成句子1. 他的爷爷去世三年了。His grandfather _three years ago.His grandfather has_ _ _3 years.His grandfather has

23、_ _ _ 3 years ago.2 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？ How long have you_the bike? 3 我买这本故事书三年了。I _this story book three years ago.I have _ this story book _three years ago.I have _this story book_three years.4.他参军十年了。He _the Army three years ago.He has_ _the Army _ _.He has _ a _ _the Army for 3 years.5. 玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。M

24、ary _ to John ten years ago.Mary_ _ _ to John for ten years.6.我入团2年了。I _ _ _ two years ago.I _ _ a _ _ for two years.I _ _ a _ of _ _ for two years.I _ _ _ the _ for two years.7. The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. 8. I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 9. He left

25、Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 10.He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 11.He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. 二改错1.Hurry up! They wait for us. 2.Are you remembering his name? 3. Im liking the film very much. 4. Ill be glad if it will snow soo

26、n. 5. Does she goes to school every day? 6. I have seen Betty yesterday 7. I didnt see the headmaster for weeks. 8. Hes just gone out, isnt he?9. His grandpa has died for two weeks.三根据提示完成句子1. 他的爷爷去世三年了。His grandfather _three years ago.His grandfather has_ _ _3 years.His grandfather has_ _ _ 3 years

27、 ago.2 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？ How long have you_ the bike? 3 我买这本故事书三年了。I _this story book three years ago.I have _ this story book _three years ago.I have _this story book_ three years.4.他参军十年了。He _the Army three years ago.He has_ _the Army _ _.He has _ a _ _the Army for 3 years.5. 玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。Mary _ to Jo

28、hn ten years ago.Mary_ _ _ to John for ten years.四. 汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他离开中国三年了。3）我认识他们五年了。4）他们已去了美国五年了。五单项选择（ ）1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know（ ）2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still（ ）4、The

29、 famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written（ ）5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better （ ）6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .

30、 . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying （ ）7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew（ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see（ ）9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? W

31、hen _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone （ ）10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish（ ）11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . w

32、as in . has been in （ ）12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made （ ）13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived ( )14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on

33、 . began( )15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was( )16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go D. has been ( ) 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been（ ）18、The students hav

34、e cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they（ ）19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived （ ）20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work

35、 C. has lived there D. has left the university 过去完成时一【含义】 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 如: He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否给Peter写信了。二【结构】 基本形式:had + 过去分词。如:We had reached the top of the hill before midnight. 在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。 否定形式:had + not + 过去分词。如:They hadnt finished

36、the work when we got there. 我们到那儿时,他们还没有完成工作。 一般疑问句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadnt. 如: Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday? 他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗? Yes, he had. (No, he hadnt.) 是的,他告诉了。(不,他没有。). 被动语态形式：had + been + 过去分词。如：When I got there, the windows had been broken. 当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了

37、。三【用法】 用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。如: My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。 用在“after / before / when + 过去时态从句”或有“by+过去时间”的句子中。如:Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home. 在我回到家前,妈妈已经把饭做好了。 和由for或since 引导的、表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。如:He had worked in that factory for five year

38、s before he moved here.他搬到这儿前已经在那个厂子工作了五年。1. 与一般过去时：和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去，但强调动作相对于过去某一时刻已经完成；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、习惯性动作，需要特别注意的是：当动作附带yesterday、last year等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去时态。请区别：By the end of last year, I had visited seven different cities.截止到去年年底，我已经参观过七个不同的城市了。We learned another English song last mo

39、nth. 上个月我们学了另一首英文歌曲。2. 与现在完成时：现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在；而表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：I have been there twice. 我去过那儿两次。I had been there twice before I went to school. 在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。 练 习I. 从下面各题所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。( )1. Did you see Mr. Smith when you were in France?No, when I _ France, he _ to

40、 China. A. had arrived, had gone B. arrived to, went C. got to, had gone D. had got to, would go( )2. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A. left, had arrived B. left, arrivedC. had left, had arrived D. had left, arrived( )3. We _ four thousand new words by the end

41、of last year. A. had learned B. have learnedC. learned D. will have learned( )4. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoyingC. has enjoyed D. had been enjoying( )5. Catherine _ the letter before her mother came

42、 into her bedroom. A. has written B. was writtenC. had written D. is writingII. 用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Mary _ already _(try) the dress on before she bought it.2. I was surprised to find that all my classmates _(go) to the lab when I _(get) to the classroom.3. When she _ (finish) her work in the office, Mrs

43、. Smith left.4. Mr. Feng _ (teach) Unit 16 by the end of last week.5. Mr. Smith _(live) in Europe for fifteen years before he _(go) to Australia.KeyI. 1-5 CDAAC II. 1. had; tried 2. had gone; got 3. had finished 4. had taught 5. had lived; 完成时态专练1. He _（turn）off the light. We can leave now.2. By the

44、 time we got to the cinema, the film _（begin）.3. She _（finish）her homework before I left school.4. My mother _（be）a teacher since 2003.5. He told us that he _（give）the book to his brother.6. I _（wash）all the clothes. So I can have a rest.7. They _（stay）in China for a long time.8. My father _（arrive）home before nine oclock last night. Key1. has turned 2. had began 3. had finished 4. has been 5. had given 6. have washed 7. have stayed 8. had arrived