情态动词和虚拟语气高考题
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1、 情态动词和虚拟语气 2011年高考题1.(2011全国卷,32)They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should答案 D解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“他们本该午饭时到达,但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成;can have done可能做过吗?表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句;must have done一定做过某事,表示对过去事情的肯定推测;should have done本来应该做某事,而实际没做。but their flig
2、ht was delayed这样的结果,说明他们本来该到达却没有到达,因此选D。2.(2011全国卷II,8)If you _ smoke, please go outside.A. can B. should C. must D. may答案 C解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“如果你非得要抽烟,请到外面去抽。”must (表示主张)一定要,坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求,选C。3.(2011北京卷,24)I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He _ come. He said
3、he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not答案 D解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他?别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasnt certain说明他可能不来,可能来,因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。4.(2011北京卷,28)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ alw
4、ays late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been答案 A解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“孩子们哪儿去了?这顿饭快要吃不起来了。我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气,题干中出现always,从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。5.(2011北京卷,30)Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D.
5、 was studying答案 C解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科,现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间,if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟,因此使用过去完成时。选C。6.(2011天津卷,15)I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come答案 D解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我本来可以早点来,但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didnt know表示了过去时间
6、,因此前句是对过去的虚拟,用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达,故选D。7.(2011上海春招,27)Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world.A. mustnt B. wont C. mightnt D. shouldnt答案 B解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustnt禁止,不允许;wont不愿意,就是不,偏不,具有主观性;mightnt可能不
7、;shouldnt不应该。根据句意选B。8.(2011江苏卷,34)I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen答案 B解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是,有人拾到交给了
8、铁路部门。失而复得,简直难以置信!我是说,本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成,must have done一定做过某事,表示对过去事情的肯定推测,都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事,而实际没做,这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过,语气比较婉转或不肯定,根据句意选B。9.(2011福建卷,25)Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you _, in case he comes l
9、ate for the meeting .A.will B.must C.may D.can答案 B解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗?恐怕你得这样做,以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句,选B。10.(2011福建卷,34)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have
10、 attended答案 D解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。我本可以去听的,但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟,用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达,故选D。11.(2011安徽卷, 26)What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A. will never replace B. would never
11、 replaceC. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced答案 C解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“你对将来的商店购物怎么看?我个人认为会与在家购物并存,但商店购物不会被取代。”根据I think it will exist along with homeshopping,排除虚拟的选项D,这是表示将来的时间,考虑到被动语态,选C。12.(2011浙江卷,11)Hows your new babysitter?We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. sh
12、ould B.might C. mustnt D. couldnt答案 D解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“你的新保姆怎么样?找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。”should应该;might可能,可以;mustnt禁止;couldnt不可能。根据句意选D。13.(2011四川卷,20)The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _.A.can B.may C.must D.should答案 A解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子,但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。”c
13、an可以,能够;may可能,许可;must必须;should应该。根据句意,选A。14.(2011重庆卷,25)Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should答案 C解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“昨晚你为什么没来参加Simon的聚会?我想来的,但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could可以,能够,表示可能性或用于婉转语气;might可能,表示不
14、确定;would愿意,偏要,表示意志;should应该,表示建议、命令、决定等。根据题意选C。15.(2011陕西卷,22)I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone答案 A解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助,我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间,对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might
15、 + have done表达,故选A。16.(2011陕西卷,24)Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall答案 D解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“妈妈,可以读一个故事给我听吗?好的,如果你马上上床睡觉的话。”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等,题中是母亲对儿子的承诺,故选D。17.(2011湖南卷,28)No one _ be compa
16、red with Yao Ming in playing basketball.A. can B. need C. must D. might答案 A解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。”can可以,能够;need需要;must必须;might可能。故根据题意,选A。18. (2011辽宁卷,21)If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. can B. may C. must D. will答案 C解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“如果你非得走话,至少也要等到这暴风雨过去后。”can可以,能够;may
17、 可能,许可;must(表示主张)一定要,坚持要;will将要,愿意。根据后句的劝告,选C。19.(2011江西卷23)It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.A. mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt答案:B解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口,才六点钟呢。”mustnt 禁止,不允许;cant 不可能;wont 不愿意,就是不,偏不;neednt 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”,only一词肯定语气强烈,前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。20.(2011江西卷28)We
18、_ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put答案:D2010年高考题1. (10安徽32)Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 答案:D. 考点:本题考
19、查情态动词推测用法。解析:句意为“杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人,他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。2.(10湖南23) You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 答案:D考点:情态动词解析:dont have to 意为“没有必要”,符合语境,句意为:“你没有必要买礼物,但如果你想买的话,你也可以买。”3. (10江西23) I have told you the truth. _ I
20、 keep repeating it?A Must B Can C May D Will答案:A考点:考察情态动词的用法。解析: must 必须, 一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will 意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗?4. (10山东25)I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt答案:A考点:本题考查情态动词的用法
21、。解析:句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的-它会使我做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done, 所以A项正确。5. (10天津9)Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 答案:A. 考点:考查情态动词。句意:迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后,他早半个小时到达了。解析:根据后面的语境,提前半个小时到达,说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙,所以用neednt h
22、ave done 结构,表示“本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”。6. (10四川3) I take the book out? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*mI'm afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need答案:B考点:考查情态动词。解析:表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may.句意为:“我可以将这本书带出去吗?”“恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。7. (10全国29).Just be patient. You _ expect the world to ch
23、ange so soon .A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. whether 答案:A句意:耐心一点儿,你不能期望世界变化如此快。解答:通过选项此题考察情态动词,can't在否定句中可以表示推测,译为不可能,可以表示能力,译为不能够,也可以表示命令,不允许,但是语气比mustn't弱,具有劝慰的意思,根据句意此题中选择A,can't表示劝慰。8. (10江苏25) I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont
24、worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_答案:B,解析:shall在第二人称中表示允诺,还可以表示强制,命令,威胁,警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。9. (100陕西 23) May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt答案:D解析:考查情态动词。英语中用could,might表示询问或征求意见的问句中,肯定性应答要用
25、can或may来代替could或might,而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt,故本题选D。10. (10全国17)Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt答案:A解析:情态动词考查。结合语境,根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时,要用cant。11. (10湖北79) Its said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _(不可能做到)because t
26、he ocean in between is too wide. (do)答案:cant/ couldnt have done it考点:情态动词解析:当要对过去进行肯定的推测时,要用 “cant/couldnt+have+done”的结构12(10辽宁26)Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.Acan Bwill Cmust Dmay答案:C句意:医生说锻炼对身体重要,但是必须是有规律的锻炼。解析:考查情态动词。Can一般表示“可能,或能力”;will表示“意志”;ma
27、y表示“许可,可能”;must表示“必须”。13. (10北京23) -Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can答案:B考点:本题考查情态动词在语境中的运用。解析:第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约,那下面的人就回应说,"那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了"因此排除A,C.D14. (10浙江17) “Y
28、ou _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”A. need B. can C. must D. would 答案:C考点:情态动词 15. (10上海29)-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't答案
29、:C考点:本题考查的是虚拟语气解析:此处表示和过去事实相反的情况,应该用should + have + 过去分词。本来应该做,而未做16. (10安徽26) Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 答案:A. 考点:本题考查虚拟语气与时态。解析:前句表示对过去的虚拟,而but之后表示过去的客观事实,故用一般过去时态。17. (10湖南29) If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his
30、job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 答案:C考点:考查虚拟语气。解析:根据“wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟,故选C项。18. (10天津15) John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 答案:D. 考点:考查虚拟语气。句意:约翰独自去了医院。如果
31、他告诉我的话,我会跟他一起去的。解析:前一句是陈述语气,说明动发生在过去,而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构,应该用had +过去分词。19(10江苏34). George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused答案:选B 解析:would rather后应用虚拟语气,表示与现在时间相反,
32、用动词的过去式20.(10陕西15)If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken答案:B.解析:考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语,根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反,故所填部分用had+过去分词形式,选B。21. (10湖北76) Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attenti
33、on _ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)答案:(should) be discussed考点:虚拟语气解析:“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟,从句结构是 “should”(可省略)加动词原形,主语 “problem” 是要“被讨论”。22.(10北京34)-The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldn't die B. di
34、dn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died 答案:D考点:本题考查虚拟语气中对过去的虚拟。解析:第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了,现在的情况就好的多了!我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨,所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldn't have died.If+ had done,主句为couldnt/ shouldn't/ wouldn't have done
35、.23(10浙江10)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be savedDwas saved答案: A考点:本题考查虚拟语气。解析:根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气,原形是:If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为:如果我早知道这个电脑程序,就可以
36、节省大量的时间和精力了。2009年高考题1. (09安徽29) Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they just be quiet people.A. must B. may C. should D. would答案 B2. (09北京25) One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. need B. must C. s
37、hould D. can答案B3. (09福建35) But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won答案B 解析 虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构,故选B。4. (09湖南30) Its the office! So yo
38、u know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry.A. must B. will C. may D. need答案A 解析 句意为:这是办公室!因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。5. (09海南25) What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelveA. should B. would C. will D. shall答案 A 解析 你这是什么意思,只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该,应当”。6. (09上海27) It_ have be
39、en Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.A. may B. can C. must D. should答案 C7. (09四川13) I dont care what people think.Well, you _A. could B. would C. should D. might答案 C解析 考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议,所以答案为:C8. (09天津15) This printer is of good quality.
40、If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might答案 B9. (09重庆32) Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?She_in the classroom. I saw her there just now.A. shall be
41、0; B. should have been C. must be D. might have been答案C10. (09全国20) I cant leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back.A. can B. must C. will D. may答案 B11. (09江苏28) He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he &
42、#160; it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed
43、160; D. must have expressed答案 C2008年高考题1.(08全国17)Lizawell not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.may答案 D解析 句意为:Liza极有可能不想去旅行她讨厌旅行。may well很可能,极有可能,表示猜测。当表示猜测时,will和can不能与well连用,must只能用于肯定句中。2.(08北京21)John promised his doctor he not smoke,
44、 and he has never smoked ever since.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would答案 D解析 句意为:约翰答应医生他不再吸烟,从那以后,他再也没有吸过烟。由句意可知空格处表示允诺,故应选择D项。3.(08天津6)Shehave left school, for her bike is still here.A.cantB.wouldntC.shouldntD.neednt答案 A解析 句意为:她不可能离开了学校,因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。cant表示不可能;wouldnt have done表虚拟;shouldnt have done本不该做(
45、却已做了);neednt have done本没必要做(但已做了)。4.(08江西26) What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, hebetter.A.need have doneB.must have doneC.can have done D.might have done答案 D解析 句意为:太遗憾了!鉴于他的能力和经验,他本可能做得更好。need have done本来有必要做(而没做);must have done是对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测,表示“过去一定做了”;can have done是对过去发生的事情的不肯定
46、的推测;might have done表示“本来可以”。5.(08湖南28)You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book.Youfind the book by the title.A.mustB.needC.canD.would答案 C解析 句意为:要找到一本书你不一定非要知道作者的名字。你可以根据书的标题找到这本书。can表示“可以,能够”。6.(08陕西9)What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well, it be bigthats not i
47、mportant.A.mustntB.needntC.cantD.wont答案 B解析 句意为:“你想要什么样的房子?要大的吗?”“噢,它不需要很大,那不重要。”由.thats not important.这一语境可知,空格处应表示“不需要”,故须用neednt。7.(08四川10)Although thissound like a simple task,great care is needed.A.mustB.mayC.shallD.should答案 B解析 句意为:尽管这听起来可能像一项简单的任务,但是需要非常仔细。must一定,必须;may可能,可以;shall将要;should应该。
48、各自表达的意义不同,选may最妥当。8.(08重庆30)I cant find my purse anywhere.Youhave lost it while shopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would答案 A解析 may表达推测之意,意为“可能”。9.(08浙江11)Yoube hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A.wouldntB.cantC.mustntD.neednt答案 B解析 句意为:你不可能饿了,你两个小时之前才吃的午饭!cant指不可能;mustnt表猜测时,不能用于否定句;Neednt指没
49、有必要。10.(08福建24) It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but itbe rather cold sometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would答案 B解析 must必然,一定;can可能;should应该;would(过去)将,总会。本题提供的语境是“有时可能会”。11.(08辽宁22)Peterbe really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must答案 C解析 句意为
50、:虽然彼得总体上来说是一个好人,但有时真的难以相处。can在这里不表示主观的推测,而表示客观的可能性。12.(08江苏35)Im sorry.Iat you the other day.Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.A.shouldnt shoutB.shouldnt have shoutedC.mustnt shoutD.mustnt have shouted答案 B解析 句意为:“对不起,几天前我本不应该朝你大喊大叫的。”“不要放在心上。我自己有点情绪失控。”shouldnt have done sth.本不应该做某事(但已经做了)。13.(08山东24) Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think weit without you.A.can manageB.could have managedC.could manageD.can have managed答案 B解析 could have done本能够做某事(但没做)。
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