八下Unit3WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOarrived知识整理2

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1、人教版（新目标）初中八下Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived知识整理重要词汇解析1. land v. go, come from a ship, aircraft, etc. 靠岸；登陆示例The bird landed gracefully on the water. 小鸟优雅地停在水面上。用法点击land 用作动词时，后面可接on，in，at等介词表示具体时间或地点。例如：The plane landed safely at Tianhe Airport at 2 pm. 飞机于下午2点安全降落在天河机场。land 还可用作名词，意

2、思是“土地；陆地”。例如：She is glad to be on land again. 她很高兴重登陆地。词汇拓展谚语：Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. 随遇而安。相关词：mainland n. 大陆 motherland n. 祖国 homeland n. 祖国；家乡 landlady n. 女房东；老板娘landlord n. 房东；地主 landmark n. 地标；里程碑landslide n. 山崩 landscape n. 风景；地形2. while conj. During the time that; at the sam

3、e time as 当时候；和同时示例He was so tired that he fell asleep while he was doing his homework. 他是如此地疲倦以致于在写作业时睡着了。用法点击while 用作连词时，意思是“当的时候”，表示两个动作相伴随而发生。例如：While she was typing, her brother was playing with a ball. 当她在打字时，她弟弟正在玩球。while 还可以用于对同类的两个动作进行对比，意思是“而”。例如：You like sports while I like reading. 你喜欢运动

4、而我喜欢读书。while 用作名词时，意思是“一会儿”。例如：After a while, there came a strange noise. 过了一会儿，传来一种奇怪的声音。3. around prep. & adv. about; not far away (in place or time) 大约；在周围示例The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。用法点击around 既可以用作介词，也可以用作副词，意义上差别不大。如：He asked me to come here around the o'clock. 他要我10点左右来。

5、（用作介词）She turned around at such a noise. 听到这样的吵闹声，她回头看了看。（用作副词）辨析round 和around：around 与round 通常可以互换，只不过美式英语常用around，而英式英语常用round，例如：You can see the post office round / around that corner. 在那个角落附近你就可以看到邮局。它们的不同之处是：round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词；而around只能用作副词或介词。例如：He has a round face. 他有一张圆圆的脸。（用作形容词）The r

6、iver rounded the stones. 河水使石头成了圆形。（用作动词）词汇拓展常用搭配：walk around 到处走turn around 转身（转头）look around 环顾四周；东张西望around the world 环球4. follow v. to go, walk, drive, etc. behind or after (someone else) 追随；跟随示例You go first and I'll follow you. 你先走，我随后就来。用法点击follow 常用的意思是“跟随”。译成汉语时要根据语境选用适当的词义，例如：He followe

7、d me into the shop. 他跟着我进了商店。Winter follows autumn. 冬去春来。You speak so fast that I cannot follow you. 你讲得这么快，我都没听懂。（此句中follow = understand）词汇拓展谚语：Pain is forgotten where gain follows. 好了伤疤忘了痛。相关词：follower n. 拥护者；追随者following n. & adj. & prep 接着（的）；下述（的）5. shout v. speak or cry in a loud voice

8、 呼喊；呼叫示例Its not polite to shout to people. 对人大声说话是很不礼貌的。用法点击shout 用作动词时，表示喊叫，后可接介词at，例如：She shouted at me but I paid no attention. 她冲着我嚷，但我一点儿也不予理睬。shout还可用作名词，意思是“呼喊；叫喊声”。例如：a shout of anger / pain气愤/痛苦的叫喊词汇拓展常用搭配：shout at somebody 对着某人喊叫shout somebody down 用喊叫声盖过某人的声音shout something out 大声说出6. hap

9、pen v. take place; come out 发生示例How did the accident happen? 事故是怎么发生的？用法点击happen 还可以接动词不定式（happen to do），表示“碰巧”的意思。例如：I happened to meet my primary school teacher in the street. 我碰巧在街上遇见了我的小学老师。辨析happen 和take place：（1）两者都表示“发生”，happen表示偶然的没有预料到的事情的发生，而take place 表示必然发生或经过布置、策划后进行的事情。例如：An accident h

10、appened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。Great changes took place last year in my hometown. 去年我的家乡发生了很大的变化。（2）两者都是短暂动词，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：This happened / took place a year ago.（不能用for one year）这是一年前发生的。（3）表示某人发生了什么事情要用something happen (s) to somebody，而不用take place。例如：What happened to her? 她出什么事了？词汇拓展谚语：A

11、ccidents will happen. 天有不测风云。重点句型汇总1.on the morning of Apirl 20 在四月二十日的早晨(在具体的日期前用on)2.at the doctors 在医务室（在诊所，家，理发店等地方时不用写出地点）3.have English class 上英语课4.heard about 听说5.ask sb (not) to do sth 让某人（不）做某事6.take place = happen 发生7.tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事8.have fun doing sth 做某事很快乐9.remember to

12、do sth 记得要去做某事remember doing sth 记得做过某事10.all over the world 遍及全世界11.in front of 在的前面(指两个物体,一个在另一个前方)in the front of 在的前部分(在同一空间内的前部分)12.help sb with sth 在某一方面帮助某人交际用语 1. What were you doing when.?2. I was doing sth. when. 3. How about. / What about.?4. What happened next?5. While sth./sb. was doing

13、 sth., I did.重要语法 1.过去进行时2.感叹句：【课文讲解】1、what were you doing when the UFO arrived?分析：arrive 到达，后面接地点名词或是代词时，需要加上介词in 或at ，in 用于比较大的地方，at用于比较小的地方；注意：如果后面接here, there, home 等副词时，不加介词。如：My pen pal arrived in Wuhan yesterday afternoon.When did you arrive at Beijing airport?He arrived home ten minutes ago.

14、辨析：get to, arrive and reach.get to 常用于口语，后面直接接名词或代词作宾语，如是副词，则省掉to .如：Will you get to Shanghai by air?How did she get there?reach 多用于书面语，直接接表示地点的名词或代词。如：when you reach the end of the street, you will see it.2、getting out of the shower分析：get out of 从.出来，如果不强调地点则用get out, 对应的反义词组为get into.如：He got out

15、of his car, then went into the building.注意：英语中上下车的习惯表达。get into a car/taxi get out of a car/taxiget on a bus/train/planeget off a bus/train/plane3、what was the girl doing when the UFO took off?分析：take off 起飞，动身，反义词：land. 如：Could you tell me when our flight will take off?此外，take off 还作脱衣服，取下眼镜。反义词为：p

16、ut on. 还口语表示休息、休假。Its warm today, you had better take off your sweater.I would like to take three days off.4、I had a very unusual experience on Sunday.分析：experience n. 经历、阅历，可数名词，常用于词组：have /be a experience 有是一次经历。如：He had many interesting experiences while traveling in North America.experience n. 经

17、验、体验，不可数名词，对应的形容词为experienced 有经验的。如：She is a teacher with rich experience of teaching.experience vt. 经历、感受。如：My father experienced great difficulty in giving up smoking.5、I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.分析：in front of 在.前面。如：The car is in front of the house.辨析：i

18、n front of and in the front of in front of 表示某范围外部的前面，对应的反义词为behind.如：There is a tall tree in front of the classroomin the front of 表示某范围内部的前面，对应的反义词为at the back of .如：There is a big blackboard in the front of the classroom.6、She is shouting 分析：shout v. 喊，高呼，朝某人大喊。n. 呼喊、叫喊声。如：He shouted his order.It

19、s not polite to shout to people.辨析：shout to and shout at.shout to. 指距离相隔很远而高声喊叫让人听见，无训斥之意。如：She shouted to me to come over.shout at. 表示生气时对某人大喊大叫，含责备、警告之意。如：He tried to talk to the men, but they shouted at him.7、While John was walking to school, he saw a cat in a tree.辨析：in the tree and on the tree.

20、in the tree. 指外来的东西在树上，如人、动物等。如：A boy is standing in the tree.on the tree. 指树上本身长的东西，如花、果实等。如：There are many apples on the tree.8、While she was talking on the phone, Davy met another dog outside the station.分析：another adj. 指（三者或三者以上）另一、又一，常表示在原来的基础上增加，表泛指，直接接可数名词单数；如果与数词连用，后面接可数名词的复数。another + 数词+n.

21、 =数词+more +n.如：I dont like this sweater, please show me another one.Another three days passed= three more days passed.辨析：another, other, others, the other, and the others.other, adj. 别的，修饰名词。如：if you jump the queue, other people will not be pleased.others, pron. 别的人，别的东西。相当于 other + n.如：it is not po

22、lite to laugh at others.the others, pron./adj. 作代词时，the other 意为总数为两个中的另外一个；作形容词时，the other 为其余的，剩下的，后面接名词。如：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is an engineer.Six students are doing their homework, the other students are playing games outside.the others, pron. 相当于the other +n, 表示某一范围内除

23、去一部分后，余下的那部分。如：There are only several students in the classroom, where are the others?9、visited aunt in hospital 分析：in hospital 生病住院，而in the hospital 表示在医院里。比较：He was badly ill, he must be in hospital.She is a nurse. She works in the hospital.10、While He Yan was at the doctors, I was going to the cl

24、ass.分析：at the doctors 在诊所。英语中习惯用名词的所有格表示该名词生活或工作的地方，像店铺、医院、教堂或某人的家等。省略掉office, store, house,shop etc. 如：He is at the dentists I am going to the barbers He stayed at his uncles in his childhood.11、This was one of the most important events in modern American history.分析：one of the +adj（最高级）+n（复数）表示最.之一

25、。注意：one of +n.pl 做主语的时候，谓语用单数。如：One of us was late.She is one of the most popular teachers in our school.12、It was difficult to get out of bed.辨析：its + adj. of sb. to do sth. and its + adj. for sb to do sth.its + adj. for sb to do sth. 其中的形容词常为说明事物事情性质的词，像 difficult, easy, important, useful, impossi

26、ble.etc. 如：its hard for me to work out the problem.its + adj. of sb. to do sth 其中的形容词常为说明人的性格特征或品质的词，像 nice, good, kind, foolish, polite, careless, etc.如：it is very kind of you to say so. 13、The boy was walking down the street when a UFO landed.While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called

27、the police. when, while辨析：“当时候”(1) when当（在）时候，既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间，引导的从句谓语多用终止性（瞬间）动词，主从句的动作可同时也可以有先后顺序发生。I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？ When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新

28、的设想。(2) while正当（正在）时（指同时），只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。 While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。You cant do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。 Some students were reading while others were writing. 有些学生在读

29、书，而有些学生在写字。(3) 另外，when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作业。【语法详解】1.过去进行时态用法:指在过去某一时间点或时间段内主语正在做某事.在此种时态中常出现的时间性短语包括:at that / this

30、time yesterday；at 5：006：00 yesterday morning 句子结构：肯定句：主语 + was / were + V-ing + 否定句：主语 + was / were not + V-ing + 一般疑问句：was / were +主语 + V-ing + ？特殊疑问句：when / what /who / + was / were + 主语 + V-ing + ？2感叹句：用法：表示一种惊讶，赞叹，吃惊的感情色彩。句子结构：How + adj（形容词）+ 主语 + 谓语1)这个电影太有趣了！2)那个小女孩如此的聪明！What + a / an +adj + n

31、 + 主语 + 谓语1)今天的天气真是太晴朗了！2)这种花的颜色真鲜艳啊！【中考连线】用所给词的适当形式填空1.He lost his watch，but he didnt think about （look） for it in his backpack.解析：looking 介词后面要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。2.There （not be） any bread at home yesterday.解析：was not there be句型的一般过去时：There was/were.。3.The train （come）.Lets （get） on it.解析：is coming，get

32、 动词come常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。4.Do you like （eat） pizza?Yes，I do.解析：eating like to do/doing“喜欢做某事”，为固定搭配。5.When you （see） the accident?I （see） fifteen minutes ago.解析：did，see，saw 由.ago作时间状语时，句子常用一般过去时。6.Mother （wash） clothes when I （get） home from school yesterday afternoon.解析： was washing，got时间状语为yesterda

33、y afternoon，所以when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。同步测试题一 翻译下列短语或词组1.在前面 _ 2.理发店 _3.睡懒觉 _4.从出去 _5.打电话给警察 _6.跳下来 _7. run away _8. in hospital _9. at the doctors _10. talk on the phone _11. look outside _12. take off _二. 选择填空。（ ）1. What _ you _ when she came in? A. did, do B. are, doing C. do, do D. were, doi

34、ng（ ）2. The girl is ill. Shes _. A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. at hospital D. at the hospital（ ）3. The patients （病人）are waiting _. A. at the doctor B. at the doctors C. in the doctor D. in doctors（ ）4. Where was Davy _ Linda was looking for him? A. that B. while C. at D. where（ ）5. They are t

35、hinking about _ the poor children. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps( )6. The woman couldnt see her son _. Shes very worried. A. anywhere B. somewhere C. nowhere D. where（ ）7. They are talking about something _ the telephone. A. in B. on C. at D. for（ ）8. We were very _ that Jim didnt pass the

36、exam. A. surprise B. surprising C. surprised D. surprises（ ）9. Just now she saw the man _ into the room. A. go B. went C. goes D. to go （ ）10. Theres a big tree _ the building. A. in front of B. in the front of C. in front D. at the front of 三 用所给动词的正确形式填空：1. Father _ still _（sleep）when I _（get）up y

37、esterday morning. 2. Grandma _（cook）breakfast while I _（wash）my face this morning. 3. Mother _（sweep）the floor when I _（leave）home. 4. The students _（have）a biology class when the visitors _（come）. 5. The driver _（drive）home when it _（rain）last night. 6. Some students from Class Four _（play）basketba

38、ll when I _（see）them on the playground. 7. Doctor Liu was on duty last night. He _still _（work）in the hospital at 10 p.m.8. The street seller _（sell）clothes when he _（find） a purse on the ground. 9. Mr. Wang spends a lot of time writing his novel （小说）every day. He _still _（work）at midnight last nigh

39、t.10. I _（read）a history book when someone _（knock）at the door. 11. Masha _（cook）when the doorbell_（ring）. 四完型填空： The difference between life in one country and in 1 is quite often 2 the difference between city life and village life in 3 country. In an English 4 everybody 5 everybody else; they know

40、 what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you usually have 6 dinner. If you want any help, you will always 7 it and be glad to help 8 in return. In a large city 9 London, there are many things to see and many places to go to. 10 people often do not know each other 11 . It 12 happens th

41、at you have 13 seen your next-door neighbor, dont know his name or 14 about him. People living in London are often very 15 , particularly 16 . This is because the people they are with all day are scattered over large areas in the evenings and weekends. 17 you walk 18 street in London on a Sunday, it

42、 is almost like an empty town. One is 19 for old people who do not live with their 20 and have no work to go to during the day. 1. A. other B. others C. the other D. another2. A. not so big as B. so big as C. isnt so big as D. as big as 3. A. same B. the same C. different D. different4. A. village B

43、. town C. city D. country5. A. needs B. knows C. helps D calls6. A. at B. for C. in D. with7. A. get B. take C. bring D. pay8. A. any other B. any C. anyone else D. any people9. A. like B. as C. of D. in10. A. So B. Then C. Though D. But11. A. good B. well C. better D. best12. A. sometimes B. some t

44、imes C. some time D. sometime13. A. ever B. had C. never D. been14. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything15. A. lonely B. happy C. angry D. tired16. A. before work B. at work C. after work D. by work17. A. If B. After C. Before D. Because18. A. in B. through C. to D. across19. A. lucky B

45、. happy C. surprised D. sorry20. A. daughters B. sons C. children D. people五.阅读理解 Every time when I look at the moon, I wish I could go there. Do you wish you could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day? For hundreds of year, men have wanted to travel to the moon. When they looked at the moon, they

46、 asked many questions. Was the moon hot or cold? Were there any plants or other living things there? They asked many, many other questions. Some people said there were living plants on the moon. Others said nothing could live there because there was no air or water on the moon. We know much about th

47、e moon now. Scientists have studied the moon for many years and have found out many facts. Not long ago spaceships with men in them flew to the moon. What do we know about the moon? We find that the moon is much smaller than the earth. It is about one quarter size of the earth. It is traveling round

48、 the earth all the time. Days and nights on the moon are very long. One day on the moon is as long as two weeks on the earth. One night is also as long as two weeks on the earth. In the day the moon is very hot. At night it is very cold. The moon is much hotter and much colder than the earth. There

49、is another surprising thing. On the moon, things are not as heavy as they areon the earth. Isnt that interesting! Perhaps one day we can all travel to the moon. It must be great fun. 1. There are not any plants or other living things on the moon because _. A. there is no air there B. their is no wat

50、er there C. both A and B 2. The moon is _ the earth. A. much smaller than B. much bigger than C. about as big as 3. One day on the moon is as long as _ on the earth. A. one week B. two weeks C. one month 4. The moon is much hotter in the day and _ at night than the earth. A. much hotter B. much cold

51、er C. as hot as 5. On the moon things are _ they are on the earth. A. heavier than B. lighter than C. as heavy as 参考答案:一. 1. in front of 2. barbers / barber shop 3. sleep late 4. get out of 5. call the police 6. jump down7. 逃跑 8. 住医院 9. 在医院 10. 在电话里交谈 11. 向外看 12. 起飞二. DABBC, ABCAA三.1. happen 2. kitchen 3. library 4. arrived 5. landed 6. anywhere 7. Were 8. surprised 9. climbing 10. around四. DABAB, BACAD, BACDA, CABDC五CABBB