writing强化2语言润色讲义

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1、写作讲义21、a) Dissatisfaction makes people produce desire for better things.b) Dissatisfaction impels people for the better. a) The progress I have made makes me surprised.b) The progress I have made surprises me.a) This makes me conclude that money doesnt mean everything. (金钱不是万能的)b) This leads me to t

2、he conclusion that money doesnt mean everything. a) Her red face made me see through his mind.b) Her red face told me what she was thinking about.a) The sight of these pictures made me remember my own childhood.b) The sight of these pictures reminded me of my own childhood.a) A sudden shout made him

3、 stand up.b) A sudden shout brought him to feet.a) This society still makes women unable to enjoy equal rights.b) Women are still denied equal rights. 2、a) More and more students find learning English has become more and more difficult.b) Students in growing numbers find learning English has become

4、increasingly difficult.a) More and more teenagers smoke cigarettes in recent years.b) Teenage smoking is on the rise in recent years.a) More and more teachers are demanded with the development of economy.b) There is an increasing demand for teachers with as a consequence of the development of econom

5、y.3、a) Most students take a part-time job after class.b) The vast majority of students take a part-time job after class.a) Most people take part in sports of different kinds.b) The considerable proportion of people take part in sports of different kinds.a) Most college students take a negative attit

6、ude towards smoking.b) The large percentage of college population takes a negative attitude towards smoking.a) Greatness is built upon tremendous amount of study, practice and devotion.b) A Chinese philosopher once remarked that a leader must have the grace of a good dancer, and there is a great dea

7、l of wisdom to this.c) The companies often run into conflicts-a multitude of little things that escalate into big battles.d) Her function is to pass on to students that vast store of knowledge she has acquired.e) But in the evening the overwhelming majority of the public prefers to stay at home to w

8、atch a movie rather than go out.f) A sizable percentage of the pioneers were self-disciplined people, but they were almost as intolerant of others views.g) Large segments of the population of many developing countries are economically powerless.i) An organization, for instance, recently examined a v

9、ery large number of men working in a construction site.k) Thus the bulk of the language acquisition of the high school graduate takes place informally first in the home.4、a) The factors for a rise in teenage smoking are not only social but also psychological.b) The factors for a rise in teenage smok

10、ing are psychological as well as social.a) Taking a part-time job can not only earn a little money, but also have an opportunity to contact with society.b) Taking a part-time job means more than a little money you can earn. It also means an opportunity to contact with society.a) Old people go to par

11、k not only to do exercise but also to make friends.b) Old people go to park as much for companionship as for exercise.5. A leave much to be desired D. （远不能令人满意/还有很多值得改进的地方）Eg.The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. （我们的交通状况远不能令人满意。）当地的旅游设施还有很多值得改进的地方。你们的服务我实在是不敢恭维。B It is conceivable

12、 that + 句子 E. （可想而知的）Eg.It is conceivable that knowledge plays a decisive role in our life. （可想而知，知识在我们的一生中起着决定性的作用。）可想而知，没有任何社会经验的大学生是不会受用人单位欢迎的。他几乎没有复习就参加了考试，结果可想而知。C bring home to + 人 + 事 （让.明白.事）Eg.We should bring home to people the value of honesty. （我们应该让人们明白诚实的价值。）应该采取有力措施让人们明白遵守交通规则的意义。我们需要下

13、大力气才可能让人们明白盗版的危害。Dholds the potential to do F. (有可能)Eg.The pay-for-seniority system holds the potential to discourage the best employees.论资排辈的薪酬体制有可能让那些最优秀的员工灰心。看工作成绩的薪酬体制很有可能调动员工的创造性。The merit-based system _.民办学校的存在有可能推动公立学校的改革。The existence of private educational institutions _.E. To B, A is a mix

14、ed blessing. (A在给B带来好处的同时也存在一些弊端)Eg.To man, the Internet is a mixed blessing. （互联网在给人类带来好处的同时也存在一些弊端。）科学技术在给人类带来好处的同时也存在一些弊端。考试在给我们的社会带来好处的同时也存在一些弊端。F. There is evidence that （有证据表明）Eg.There is evidence that todays college students put more emphasis on material things. (有证据表明现在的大学生更加重视物质。)有证据表明学历高通常

15、收入就高。有证据表明经济发达的国家往往都极其重视教育。G. There are good reasons to H. (我们有足够的理由)Eg.There are good reasons to believe this trend will be reversed. （我们有足够的理由相信这种趋势将会得到扭转。）我们有足够的理由相信人类将会继续生存并兴盛。我们有足够的理由相信这个问题将会得到解决。H. A is as beautiful as beautiful can be. (非常) Eg.The scenery there is as beautiful as beautiful ca

16、n be. （那儿的风景非常美丽。）它们截然不同。这本词典非常有用。I. stand up to the evidence (（观点）是站得住脚的/有根据)bear close scrutiny/examination (经得起仔细的推敲)Eg.Such arguments just dont stand up to the evidence.Such arguments just dont bear close scrutiny. （这种观点是没有根据的）。句子结构：(语法)1、 句子结构的精确性：2、 句子结构的复杂性 a句型的开端多变化 (种种方式) b 包含从句 (状语从句，定语从句，

17、同位语从句，非谓语动词等)Step 1：没有语法概念，低级错误一大堆Step 2：句子结构没有什么错误，但多为简单句Step 3：努力做复杂句子结构，学会用亮点句型去包装，英语简单句子成分A主语的构成：名词、动名词、不定式、从句1His father works in a factory2Seeing a film is better than listening to the radio（Its no use telling him the news）3To learn English well is not easy（It is not easy to learn English well

18、）4What he told me yesterday was to study harder5When they will come hasnt been decided6That we need more money is quite obvious（Its a pity that you have missed such a good film）B宾语的构成：名词、动名词、不定式、从句1He bought some books yesterday2Thank you for coming3Ill send him the book4The news made him feel very

19、sad5I dont know whether hell come or not6Lets see how we can do itC谓语的构成：动词 （每一句话只有一个谓语动词，并列谓语只算一个谓语，其他动词必须用非谓语形式。）1He wants to go to buy a ticket2There are a lot of boys on the playground playing football3He went out of the room quickly, followed by his dog4After telling him the news, we began to e

20、at the bananas served by his wifeD定语的构成：形容词（短语、从句）1The American teacher spoke so slowly that everyone in the class could follow him2A man called Jack wrote this book3The woman sitting there, watching TV, is our English teacher4The meeting to be held next Monday will be important5The only reason why

21、he did it was that he needed moneyE状语的构成：副词（短语、从句）1I get up at 6:00 in the morning2I was writing when he came in3As luck would have it, no one was hurt when the boiler exploded句子结构点石成金1、a) We may think more of the elderly who live apart from their children.b) More thoughts may be given to the elderl

22、y who live apart from their children. a) We know very little about the nature of human beings.b) Little is known about the nature of human beings.a) Because of public demand, many evening schools have appeared.b) Many evening schools have been called into existence by public demand.a) The young man

23、drove the old truck at top speed and the motor was damaged.b) The young man drove the old truck at top speed and damaged the motor.a) The professor left the classroom after the lecture was finished.b) The professor left the classroom after he finished the lecture.a) He lived in the countryside for t

24、wo years, and his life there was always remembered by him.b) He lived in the countryside for two years, and he always remembered his life there.2、Business brought me to town.The want of his family had kept him from school.Bad weather prevented us from sailing last nightWaiting for the rain to stop m

25、ade me impatient yesterday evening.a) Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.b) It is widely (commonly) thought/ believed/ held/ accepted) that birth control is quite necessary in China.a) We eventually find a new pattern.b) A new pattern eventually emerges.a) More and more peop

26、le agree (realize/ are aware) that women should enjoy full equality with men.b) There is a growing agreement (realization/ awareness) that women should enjoy full equality with men.a) Many Chinese people have gone to the United States in the past 15 years.b) The past 15 years has brought many Chines

27、e people to the United States. a) We almost forget this event.b) This event is now almost fading from our memory. a) Students should certainly make continuous efforts.b) Continuous efforts on the part of the students are certainly required.a) We easily drew the conclusion through the investigation.b

28、) The investigation easily led us to the conclusion.3、a) The style of living has become more and more popular and been accepted by more and more young people.b) The style of living has found its growing popularity and acceptance among young people.a) It is time for us to revise educational system an

29、d then provide it to our society.b) It is time for us to furnish our society with a revised educational system.a) If we dont recognize the serious problem of growing population, we will make a big mistake.b) Failure to recognize the seriousness of growing population will lead to a big mistake.a) If

30、we are watching too much TV, our reading ability will be seriously affected.b) Too much /heavy exposure to TV will exert a negative effect on our reading ability.a) Although I anticipate for months, nothing could have prepared me for the impact of the actual day. b) Despite months of anticipation, n

31、othing could have prepared me for the impact of the actual day.a) Comparing the two pictures we can conclude that the flowers in a greenhouse are too weak to bear the harsh environment.b) A comparison between the two pictures can lead us to a conclusion that flowers in a greenhouse are too weak for

32、the harsh environment.a) TV can lead to family life becoming impoverished.b) TV can lead to the impoverishment of family life.a) The ground is accumulated with fallen leaves, shriveled and dry, like innumerable faces staring up, lined and tired.b) The ground is covered with an accumulation of fallen

33、 leaves, shriveled and dry, like innumerable faces staring up, lined and tired.a) All our efforts aim to improve quality.b) All our efforts are aimed at improving quality.c) All our efforts are aimed at the improving of quality.d) All our efforts are aimed at the improvement of quality.4、a) Every yo

34、ung boy and girl wants to earn a little money to help cover higher college cost.b) There is hardly a young boy and girl who doesnt want to earn a little money to help cover higher college cost.a) Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always find advertisements.b) It is impossible to pick up a n

35、ewspaper without finding advertisements.a) Gathering around and listening to mother or father read a good story is the best pastimes to bring a family close together.b) Few pastimes bring a family closer together than gathering around and listening to mother or father reading a good story.a) Food is

36、 the most basic issue to individual and national survival.b) No issue is as basic to individual and national survival as food.亮点句型A. No + 名词 + can be too + 形容词 / A + 名词 + cannot be too + 形容词Eg. No driver can be too careful. /A driver cannot be too careful. （当司机的越小心越好。）当老师的越博学越好。 一个人似乎越有钱越好。B. cannot

37、 overemphasize the importance of （再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。）Eg.We cannot overemphasize the importance of protecting our eyes. (我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。)很多教师认为，学习成绩的重要性再怎么强调也不为过。教育的重要性再怎么强调也不为过。C. Nothing could be further from the truth. 再没有比这更荒谬的了。Eg.Some argue that women are intellectually inferior to men. Nothi

38、ng could be further from the truth. （有些人认为女性在智力上不如男性。再没有比这更荒谬的了。）有些人认为有钱就有了一切。再没有比这更荒谬的了。有人认为考试应该被废除。再没有比这更荒谬的了。5、a) If there is an emergency, call 999.b) In the event of an emergency call 999.a) John was criticized because he refused to follow the instructions.b) John was criticized for his refusal

39、 to follow the instructions.a) Because we are short of time, we have to omit some places of historical interest.b) Shortness of time has required the omission of some places of historical interest.待添加的隐藏文字内容3a) If you compare bicycles with cars carefully, you will find bicycles are superior to cars.

40、b) Careful comparison of bicycles with cars will show the superiority of the former over the latter.a. Because my schedule was so busy, I was not able to attend Susans birthday party.b. My busy schedule didnt allow me to attend Susans birthday party.c. I was not able to attend Susans birthday party

41、for the simple reason that (the reason being that) my schedule was so busy.a) If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good results.b) The application of book knowledge alone wont bring you good results.a. Because we cannot apply book knowledge to practice, we cannot handle real problems in

42、society.b. The inability to apply book knowledge to practice will prevent us from handling real problems in society.a) If we can better understand the greater pressure of population growth, we will have a correct attitude towards family planning.b) A better understanding of the greater pressure of p

43、opulation growth is essential to (will lead to) a correct attitude towards family planning.a) When a woman sees that she is going to be laid off, she begins to worry all day and night.b) The mere prospect of lay-off would set a woman to worry all day and night.6、避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。1. 将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。

44、例如：a) The team members are good players。b) The team members play well。a ) One workers plan is the elimination of tardiness。b) One workers plan eliminates tardiness。2. 在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中，把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例如：a) There is no opportunity for promotion。b) No opportunity for promotion exists。a ) H

45、ere are the books you ordered。b) The books you ordered have arrived。a) The Summer Palace is one of the biggest and oldest parks in China. There are many famous architectures which make it quite different from other parks.b) Many famous architectural features distinguish the Summer Palace, one of the

46、 biggest and oldest parks in China.3. 使用具体动词a) The spirit of mutual respect is the basis of our cultural cooperation.b) The framework of mutual respect sustains our own cultural cooperation.a) Self-conception is the basis of ones attitude towards success and failure.b) Self-conception underlies ones

47、 attitude towards success and failure.7.结论句型1) As long as we act intelligently and promptly, we can surely solve the problem of water shortage.只要我们快速机灵的采取行动，我们就能解决问题.2) As long as we take effective measures, the problems caused by the aged society will be reduced to the smallest extent.只要我们采取有效措施,由导

48、致的问题将会背减少到最小的程度。3) As long as the government and individuals strive hard（拼搏）, there will certainly be a way out for the laid-off workers.只要我们的政府和我们个人努力拼搏，下岗职工将会找到一条自救之路。4) Whatever changes are responsible for the rise in divorce rate, one thing is certain: there is a significant change in peoples tr

49、aditional views of marriage and divorce.不管什么是离婚率上升的原因，有一点是肯定的：5) In short (In a word /All in all / To sum up), great efforts should be made to enhance ethic and moral education when high priority is given to the economic development.总而言之，当我们首先强调经济发展的时候，我们也要付出很大努力，去提高人们的道德伦理方面的教育.6) It is only when t

50、hese measures are put into practice that the shortage of water can be solved.只有当这些措施在实践中被采取，.将得以解决。7) Only when the old age problem is well handled can we maintain a stable and harmonious society.只有，我们才能.(必须倒装)8) If people from all walks of life pay enough attention to this problem, our life in the

51、city will certainly be more enjoyable.如果人们始终关注这一问题的话，我们的生活会更美好。9) Judging from all evidence offered, we can safely come to the conclusion that coeducation is beneficial to the psychological and intellectual growth of both boy and girl students.通过上面给予的论证我们可以得出以下结论： 10) From what has been discussed ab

52、ove, we may come to(arrive at / reach/draw) the conclusion that the city is a better place for childrens education.通过以上论述，我们可以得出以下结论：11) 至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就定能成功。As far as Im concerned, Im in favor of the former view. Therefore, my conclusion is that we are certain to succ

53、eed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.12). 就我而言，我反对拥有私家车。为把清洁的空气、宽阔安全的道路和富饶的石油资源留给子孙后代，我们对私家车只能说“不”；我认为最好发展公公共交通来代替私家车。这样我们可以保护环境并节省大量能源。Personally, I am opposed to owning private cars. In order to leave clean air, wide and safe roads and abundant oil resources to our fu

54、ture generations, we have to say “No” to private cars. I think it is better to develop mass transit to replace them. Only in this way, can we protect our environment and save massive amounts of energy resources. 13) 总之，该让专业环境专家积极努力来结束这种令人沮丧的形势了。尽管我们还有许多 困难要克服，但是我相信，明天将变得更美好、更光明。我们盼望一个充满希望的未来。In shor

55、t, it is high time that professional environmentalists made intensive efforts to put an end to this discouraging situation. Although we still have along way to go, I am sure that tomorrow will be much better and brighter. We are looking forward to a promising future. Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored

56、 two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded

57、 a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonn

58、y Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in

59、a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on

60、 Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans dur

61、ingCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CS

62、KA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cove

63、r. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot