英语说明文写作教学

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1、英语说明文写作教学篇一：英语说明文的写作方法 英语说明文的写作方法 1.罗列法（listing） 在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。 罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习 There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， Secondly， And finally， We should try our best to plant more tree

2、s for several good reasons First of all， Secondly， And finally， 必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。 2.举例法（examples） 举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is等词语引出 举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。 3.比较法（parison and contrast） 比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的

3、写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（parison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法 在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。 however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。 4.定义法（definition） 定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是 被定义对象is所属

4、类别+限制性定语 比如 A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird. 5.顺序法（sequence of time，space and process） 顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。 6.分类法（classification）分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法 Some

5、books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested， that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously，and some f ew to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made o

6、f them by others； but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books篇二：英文说明文写作方法总纲 分类法 分类就是按照事物的不同特点将它们划成多个类别。事物可以按照不同的标准进行分类，标准则取决于分类的成因。例如，在分析某系学生的构成情况时，如果想了解他们的学习情况，可以将他们根据考试成绩划分为若干组；如果想研究是否有可能组织一场足球比赛或是篮球比赛，可以根据对足球和篮球的爱好程度把学生划分成若干组。 不管分类的目的是什么，分类的标准必须具有普适性和排他性，也

7、就是说分类标准必须覆盖分类样本集中的所有样本元素，而且样本集中的任一元素只能隶属于分类标准项次中的唯一一项。例如，把学生分成男生、女生和运动员是不合适的，这一标准违反了排他性原则，因为某个学生可能是男生的同时又是运动员，他占据了两个分类项次。再如，把学生分成中学生和大学生在有些情况下也不一定合适，该标准违反了普适性原则，即有些学生既不是中学生也不是大学生（如小学生）。 表示分类的名词：种：kind, sort, type 类：group, classification, category 组成成员：member 分部/分支：division/branch 纲：class 目：order 科：f

8、amily属：genus种：species 表示分类的动词和动词短语：将 ? 按?分类（排序）：class, classify, divide, categorize, group, place, arrange 属于某一类：belong to, fall into, be classed with 包括若干类：there be, contain, consist of, prise, include, be posed of, be prised of 组成 ? 类：make up, constitute, pose ? Exercises 1. Read the following pas

9、sages and discuss whether they follow the classification criterion of exclusiveness and inclusiveness. Passage 1:generation of electricity to meet the power and light needs of cities and industries. The other covers the application of small amounts of power for munication and various other purposes.

10、 Passage 2: We usually think of bees as being sociable insects which live in munities, but this is not always true. One way of classifying bees is by “social” and “solitary” species, and there are many of the latter. Bumble bees（野蜂）and honey bees are social species. Among solitary bees there are pri

11、mitive wasplike bees, medium-sized solitary mining bees, so-called sweat bees, carpenter bees and cuckoo bees. 2. Read the following passage, and fill in the blanks with appropriate words. In Britain, state schools can be classified according to the age range of the pupils and the type of education

12、provided. Basically, there are two types of schools: primary and secondary. Primary schools cater to（满足需要）children age 5-11 and secondary schools ages 11-16 (and up to 19). Primary schools can be sub-divided into infant schools (for age 5-7) and junior schools (for age 7-11). Secondary schools may b

13、e one type for all abilities, viz.（即）prehensive schools; most secondary schools are of this kind. Alternatively, pupils may be grouped according to their ability and selected by means of an examination at age 11 (known as the“11-plus exam”). Thus, grammar schools cater to those with academic ability

14、; modern schools for those with less academic ability; and technical schools for those with more practical skills. 1) Schools _ the pupils ages and the types of education. 2) There are _ schools: primary and secondary. 3) Primary schools _ into infant and junior schools. 4) Secondary schools pupils

15、_ their ability. 5) The criterion（标准）for classifying secondary schools is whether or not there is _. 2. There are thousands of languages in the world. Languages are classified intodifferent families according to their mon attributes. Do you know which family English belongs to? Below is a language t

16、ree proposed by German linguistic August Schleicher (1821-1868). Please describe it using the classification method: Proto-Indo-European Old High German Old SaxonOld Low Fraconian Anglo-Frisian High German Low German Dutch Old English Old Frisian 描述法（二） 过程的描述 既然有过程就必然有次序，关键在于搞清楚全过程的每一个步骤，再利用表示列举的衔接短

17、语，按照过程的前后次序描述每一个步骤。过程的描述往往按照时间顺序或过程的发展顺序进行描述。 1. 按照过程的发展顺序描述 如果某个描述涉及到多个步骤，应该按照过程的发展顺序把这些步骤交代清楚。既然完整的过程分为多个步骤，那么这些步骤的顺序则显得至关重要。成功地按过程描述实际上告诉了读者如何去完成具体任务。 描述过程的常用衔接词和短语：1) Firstly Secondly Thirdly Finally 2) First, Then, Next, After this, Lastly3) Afterward, Furthermore, Moreover, In addition to 2. 按

18、照时间顺序描述 在讲述故事或描述事件的时候，最简单同时也最清楚的方法是按照时间的顺序描述，也就是按照事情发生先后顺序，较早发生的事情在前面描述，较晚发生的事情在后面描述。时间作为一个主线条可以为读者提供非常清楚的思路。 常用衔接词和短语：首环节：first, firstly, at first, first of all, in the first place, to begin with, one 中间环节：second, secondly, in the second place, next, afterwards, after that, then, later, another, th

19、ird, thirdly, still another, in addition, besides, furthermore 末环节：lastly, at last, finally, eventually, in the end ? Exercises How a New Road is Built _ (a) Though I had been on the train for more than thirty hours and spent a sleepless night, I didnt feel tired at all, and I believed my days in Be

20、ijing would be as sunny as the skies. _ (b) Like other passengers, I began to collect my things, and put my mug, towel, atlas（地图 册）, apples, and other things into my bag. _ (c) I walked out of the train and was carried forward by the stream of people into an underground passage and then into a big h

21、all. _ (d) My heart gave a leap when I heard the announcement that our train would soon arrive at its destination - Beijing. _ (e) As I stepped out of the station, I was dazzled（眩目）by the bright autumn skies of Beijing. _ (f) To the tune of a beautiful song the train pulled into the station and gent

22、ly stopped by a platform. 1. Please organize the following instructions into a coherent paragraph, and discuss the questions in the brackets. How to Deal with Snakebites in the Field1) Tie a handkerchief, necktie, or belt on your victim above the bite to prevent the blood from flowing to the heart 2

23、) Decide whether to take the victim to the doctor or call for a doctor (How will you make a decision?) 3) Remove the venom a. make cuts in a crisscross（十字）fashion on the bitten area, cutting about one fourth inch deep; b. suck out the blood and spit it out Will you die if you swallow the blood? 4) D

24、ont give whiskey Do you know why?; you can give coffee or some other beverage to the victim. 5) Reassure the victim 举例法 一般来讲，概括性太宽泛的句子不具有太强的说服力，往往需要一点具体内容加以支持。这个时候我们就要求助于例子了。本单元课文反复使用举例法，使原先抽象的概念（如 “space”, “privacy”）变得具体，如果没有这些例子，读者很难理解什么是空间，什么是隐私。 对处于英文写作基础阶段的学习者来讲，一般要借助衔接词来引导例子，举例法中常用的衔接词有：1) 介词短

25、语：for example, for instance, in illustration of, by way of examples 2) 形容词短语：such as, such . as 3) 副词：as 4) 动词短语：be an example of , be a case in point, take an example, provide an example, use an example, bring forward a case, draw an example ? Exercises 1. Read the following two paragraphs, and fin

26、d the examples cited and cohesion words used. 1) Mexico has long been a popular country for tourists from all over the world. It offers篇三：十篇英语说明文范文 1. Problems in the New Century (举例法说明文) Write an expository essay on the problems man will be faced with in the new century. In the new century, human b

27、eings will be filled with hope and live more advanced life. What used to be depicted in science fictions can be the reality of the near future. However, man will also have to confront with some problems that will curtail(剥夺)human beings of their existence. First of all, pollution of all forms such a

28、s land pollution, noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution are worsening with each passing day. People plain all over the world that it is being harder to breathe and water is turning undrinkable. Also forests are being felled at a very fast rate. The pollutions are getting so terrible tha

29、t in some countries we cant find clean and clear rivers and white clouds in the sky! When the children draw a picture of their surroundings, they paint the green trees in gray, the red sun in gray, everything in gray, and they cant find a pure environment except in the books. Additionally, the explo

30、sion of population in some parts of the world is manifesting its terrible results. Human beings wil1 have outgrown the earths resources, and people will run a high risk of starvation and diseases resulting from overcrowding. In due course, man would be forced out of the earth if the present trend we

31、re not reversed. What is more, in the past century we had many disastrous wars. But there is still potential that the atomic bomb will be used by some politicians in order to keep regional hegemony. If it should happen, the exp1osion could easily lead to the destruction of civilization. More serious

32、ly, the depersonalization of human relationships and the weakening of spiritual values are aggravating due to the stress caused by the busy schedules and the extreme pursuit of money. This will further contribute to mans isolation and loneliness. Apparently, with all these problems facing human bein

33、gs, it seems to be overwhelmingly urgent to conquer them one by one because we have only one earth and it is our home. In the new century, we must try our best to heal the world and make it a better place for you, for me and for the children who will e to this world. 2. The expenses of college stude

34、nts are high （举例法说明文） According to one of my teachers who graduated from university in 1983, his college expenses were only about 20 yuans per month, covering everything, such as food, and daily necessities. About twenty years later, the expenses of college students are dizzily/staggeringly high and

35、 growing more so every year. The basic average cost per student at public universities is now estimated at 15,000 yuans or more, including all the expenses for food, tuition, acmodations, bills for munications and fare for transportation, and other fees. The public universities having the benefits o

36、f receiving government investment in higher education are charging students high, to say nothing of the private universities which run on their own capacity. Take myself as an example. At the beginning of this term, I was charged more than 6,500 yuans for the tuition of the academic year, plus 300 y

37、uans per month for my dormitory acmodation, 500 yuans for the expenses on food, clothes and trivial items, 50 yuans for my mobile phone, etc. Every year, the expenditure totals as much as 20,000 yuans, which has eaten into almost half of my parents annual ines. Because going to college is so expensi

38、ve today, many students have to drop out and go towork early, while others take part-time jobs to earn some money in order to lighten their parents financial burden. I am really keen on the experience in attending the universities and I have acquired a lot of knowledge since I came to this universit

39、y. I am grateful to my parents who work hard and live thriftily to support me. Because of this, I am not only very careful in spending money, but also studying hard to live up to my parents expectation. Someday, I can say to them that every penny they have spent on my study is worthwhile and will be

40、 paid off. 3. Effects of Chinas single-child policy （因果法说明文） Huge population is one of the main problems in China. Since the 1970s the Chinese government adopted a policy of family planning- single-child policy- as a basic state policy to solve this problem. Until now, this birth control policy is s

41、till implanted in our country and both positive and negative effects have been harvested. With the adoption of the family planning policy, the rate of population growth has been successfully controlled. This has already brought about some satisfactory results in China. For one thing, peoples living

42、standard has been greatly improved with our country being more and more prosperous, and our national economy developed steadily. Furthermore, with decreasing population, the problem of shortage of water in parts of China is solved gradually. In addition, with the low rate of birth, it goes with less

43、 energy consumption, which will benefit the overall development of our economy. Moreover, this policy has greatly reduced the financial burdens of the parents who have otherwise had more children, enabling them to focus their resources on the single childs well-being and education. However, the implementing of this policy also brings about some problems. First of all, as there is only one child in a family, th